A study on the early-warning technique concerning debris flow disasters     

ZHOU Jinxing  Wang Lixian  XIE Baoyuan  FEI Shimin  Wang Xilin 《地理学报(英文版)》2002,12(3)

According to the principle of the eruption of debris flows, the new torrent classification techniques are brought forward. The torrent there can be divided into 4 types such as the debris flow torrent with high destructive strength, the debris flow torrent, high sand-carrying capacity flush flood torrent and common flush flood by the techniques. In this paper, the classification indices system and the quantitative rating methods are presented. Based on torrent classification, debris flow torrent hazard zone mapping techniques by which the debris flow disaster early-warning object can be ascertained accurately are identified. The key techniques of building the debris flow disaster neural network (NN)real time forecasting model are given detailed explanations in this paper, including the determination of neural node at the input layer, the output layer and the implicit layer, the construction of knowledge source and the initial weight value and so on. With this technique, the debris flow disaster real-time forecasting neural network model is built according to the rainfall features of the historical debris flow disasters, which includes multiple rain factors such as rainfall of the disaster day, the rainfall of 15 days before the disaster day, the maximal rate of rainfall in one hour and ten minutes. It can forecast the probability, critical rainfall of eruption of the debris flows, through the real-time rainfall monitoring or weather forecasting. Based on the torrent classification and hazard zone mapping, combined with rainfall monitoring in the rainy season and real-time forecasting models, the debris flow disaster early-warning system is built. In this system, the GIS technique, the advanced international software and hardware are applied, which makes the system′s performance steady with good expansibility. The system is a visual information system that serves management and decision-making, which can facilitate timely inspect of the variation of the torrent type and hazardous zone, the torrent management, the early-warning of disasters and the disaster reduction and prevention.  相似文献   

On the spatial relationship between landslides and causative factors on Lantau Island, Hong Kong   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

C. H. Zhou  C. F. Lee  J. Li  Z. W. Xu 《Geomorphology》2002,43(3-4)

This paper presents a statistical approach to study the spatial relationship between landslides and their causative factors at the regional level. The approach is based on digital databases, and incorporates such methods as statistics, spatial pattern analysis, and interactive mapping. Firstly, the authors propose an object-oriented conceptual model for describing a landslide event, and a combined database of landslides and environmental factors is constructed by integrating the various databases within such a conceptual framework. The statistical histogram, spatial overlay, and dynamic mapping methods are linked together to interactively evaluate the spatial pattern of the relationship between landslides and their causative factors. A case study of an extreme event in 1993 on Lantau Island indicates that rainfall intensity and the migration of the center of the rainstorm greatly influence the occurrence of landslides on Lantau Island. A regional difference in the relationship between landslides and topography is identified. Most of the landslides in the middle and western parts of the island occurred on slopes with slope angles of 25–35°, while in the eastern part, the corresponding range is 30–35°. Overlaying landslide data with land cover reveals that a large number of landslides occurred in the bareland and shrub-covered area, and in the transition zones between different vegetation types. The proposed approach can be used not only to analyze the general characteristics of such a relationship, but also to depict its spatial distribution and variation, thereby providing a sound basis for regional landslide prediction.  相似文献   

GRAPHER、Surfer32与CorelDRAW1O在物探成图中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘川宁 《矿产与地质》2003,17(1):62-64

用GRAPHER、Surfer32软件作出给定数据的曲线图、平剖图、平面等值线图和立体曲面图后，再用CorelDRAW10来编辑，可快速做出一张满意而又少占存储空间的图件。  相似文献   

MAPGIS在地质科技期刊插图制作中的应用     

张玲  王滋平  邓贵安 《矿产与地质》2003,17(4):580-582

地质论文中的插图具有自身的特殊性，根据地质科技期刊对其插图的要求，应用各种绘图软件制作插图，经对比认为MAPGIS是一种方便、快捷、功能强大、最适合制作地质插图的矢量化软件。  相似文献   

我国数字填图技术研究现状与发展趋势   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李超岭 《新疆地质》2003,21(Z1):1-6

数字填图系统(RGMAP)是中国地质调查局研发的,用来进行区域地质调查工作的专业软件.通过4幅150000和10幅1250000数字填图试点应用,使数字填图系统已臻于完善,为中国地质调查局全面推广数字填图方法奠定了良好的基础.野外数据采集数字化,使得地质调查数据实现了一体化的描述、组织、综合、管理及资源的统一描述、再现和集成.建立个性化的多用户,多目标的社会化服务体系,是今后地质调查主流程信息化的主要任务和目标.  相似文献   

全球地球化学填图   总被引：19，自引：10，他引：19       下载免费PDF全文

谢学锦 《中国地质》2003,30(1):1-9

作指出了1973年至今世界上50余项地球化学填图计划中普遍存在的缺陷大都涉及分析问题。1988－1992年实施的国际地质对比计划IGCP259项目旨在使全世界地球化学填图方法标准化。在此项目中对分析问题提出了若干规定，主要是要求今后的填图计划应统一分析71种元素，痕量及超痕量元素的检出限必须低于相应的地壳丰度值及采用中国的GSD和加拿大的STSD标样系列，以使全球数据可以对比，在其后开始延续至今的全球地球化学填图计划IGCP360，旨在用极低密度采样早日覆盖全球大陆，讨论了正在实行的两种极低密度采样方案，并提出通过极低密度采集地极少量样品示范性实现IGCP259项目对分析要求的具体建议。  相似文献   

云南巍山—永平矿集区流体地质填图的理论与实践   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

王勇  莫宣学董方浏  毕先梅喻学惠杨伟光  曾普胜 《中国地质》2003,30(1):73-83

流体地质填图是一种全新的地质调查及找矿方法。本次研究选择云南巍山－永平矿集区进行流体地质填图试验，研究了矿集区的控矿地质要素、各种主要的矿床（点）特征、成矿流体子系统及流域、流体的盐度与均一温度、流体的气液相成分、微量元素含量、稳定同位素特征及成矿流体的浓集中心。得到的流体地质图基本反映了本区成矿流体的性质与状态，反映了两个成矿流体子系统的基本特征，圈字了2个成矿流体子系统的流域范围及7个成矿流体浓集中心。这些浓集中心与已知矿化点分布、化探异常及有利的地质条件基本吻合，成为该区进一步找矿预测的重要依据之一。本项目的实践表明，流体地质填图不失为一种有效的找矿手段。  相似文献   

安徽铜陵地区蚀变流体填图方法的探讨   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

蒙义峰  侯增谦  杨竹森  曾普胜  徐文艺  田世洪  李红阳  王训成  姜章平  姚孝德 《地学前缘》2003,10(1):105-110

蚀变流体填图是一项区域流体地质调查研究工作 ,也是一项具有战略意义的、综合性的基础地质研究工作。区域大面积的流体填图工作的理论依据、思路方法、填图要素、技术要求和规范等还没有一套成熟的方法体系。在实施中国地质调查局和国土资源部科学技术司的“铜陵地区蚀变流体填图”项目中 ,探讨了流体填图的理论依据、思路方法、研究内容和填图要素 ,对填图单位制定了 3级填图单元等级体制 ,即流体系统流体子系统流体单元。在铜陵地区划分出 4个流体系统 ,7个流体子系统和 18个流体单元。  相似文献   

黄河上游第四纪河流地貌演化--兼论青藏高原1∶25万新生代地质填图地貌演化调查   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张智勇  于庆文  张克信  顾延生  向树元 《地球科学》2003,28(6):621-626,633

在青藏高原1∶25万地质填图中,新生代地貌演化调查方法是查明地貌组成的形态、分布、形成年代等特征,分析地貌成因类型,研究地貌与构造、气候、沉积的关系,通过夷平面、河流阶地等反映隆升过程的标志性地貌面调查,分析地貌发展阶段,建立区域地貌演化史.由黄河上游羊曲段阶地地貌调查结果,推断黄河在0.03 Ma才切开共和南山.对比黄河上游不同发育地段阶地,表明黄河上游地貌演化过程是伴随高原阶段隆升而向上游阶段性溯源侵蚀发展的.1.6 Ma黄河稳定出现在民和-兰州-临夏,1.1 Ma切开积石峡到达化隆-贵德,0.15 Ma切开龙羊峡出现于共和盆地,约0.03 Ma经历最新抬升事件,切开贵南南山及西秦岭,并沟通若尔盖盆地抵达黄河源区.  相似文献   

现代城市数字测图方法浅析     

张文胜 《四川测绘》2003,26(4):155-157

本文分析比较了目前城市大比例尺数字化测图中主要方法的优缺点，并为实现数字化地形图中不连续线、面状符号及复杂线状符号向GIS的自动化导入，针对电子平板法提出了基础线的概念。对全站仪草图法，提出在全站仪上加挂微型计算机，并用常规摄像方法代替草图。  相似文献