复杂河流相地层单砂体级沉积时间单元对比方法     

王一博  马世忠  石金华  王光明 《地质科技情报》2012,31(1):47-50,62

采用“重点井沉积时间单元划分”—“标准层控制、参照层借鉴对比”—“切叠河流定界”—“平面井网对比”这一对比方法,可以很好地解决复杂河流相地层沉积时间单元精细对比的难题,采用该方法对大庆长坦喇嘛甸油田目的层301口开发井进行了沉积时间单元的划分与对比,在此基础上精细刻画了SⅢ各沉积时间单元单砂体的分布范围,把原来认为的大...  相似文献   

Soil and landscape studies in Western Australia     

M. J. Mulcahy  E. Bettenay 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):349-357

The main features of climate and geology relevant to a discussion of the soils and landscapes of Western Australia are briefly reviewed. The pattern of drainage is described in terms of six drainage divisions, each with characteristic physiography and soils. In the interior, this involves a reconstruction of an ancient drainage system, based on the maps of the Atlas of Australian Soils. It is shown, on a continental scale, that the major divides are characterised not only by deep, chemically weathered, often lateritic profiles, but also by extensive sandy deposits derived from these preweathered materials.  相似文献   

渤海复杂断块油藏精细挖潜的实践与认识     

周海燕  王为民  刘春艳  杜娟 《海洋地质译丛》2012,(1):61-65

位于渤海的渤西复杂断块油田群由4个储量均为约1 000×10^4m^3的复杂断块油田组成。油田群内部断层发育,含油层系多,油气水关系复杂。经过长期衰竭开发,地层能量下降快、各层采出不均衡、剩余油分布复杂,开发效果逐渐变差。为了解决开发过程中出现的诸多突出矛盾,通过动静结合、精细地质研究寻找剩余油;通过晚期加强注水、细分开发层系缓解层间矛盾;通过老井上返、滚动勘探开发等方法实现产量接替。这些方法的研究与应用,延长了海上老油田的开发寿命,提高油田采收率5%～12%,对于海上复杂断块油田的精细挖潜和高产稳产具有重要的指导作用。  相似文献   

Growth,diet, movement,and abundance of adult banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus) in five Coromandel,New Zealand streams     

David W. West  Ian G. Jowett  Jody Richardson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):915-929

Banded kokopu populations were surveyed seasonally over 1 year in five Coromandel streams to determine the influence of food supply on diet, growth, abundance, and movement. Streams with high benthic invertebrate abundance and drift of aquatic origin had high fish abundance. However, terrestrial drift was the dominant food for adult banded kokopu over all seasons and streams, on average comprising 75% of their diet by number and 89% by weight. Annual growth rates of tagged individuals ranged from 3 mm to 16.5 mm, with smaller fish growing faster than large fish. Low growth rates of large fish were consistent with the recapture of a fish that had only grown from 195 mm to 215 mm in 7 years. Our observations confirmed the strong association between banded kokopu, pool habitat, and cover, and also indicated that high fish abundance restricted growth rates and movement and increased interaction.  相似文献   

Phylogeography of New Zealand's coastal benthos     

P. M. Ross  I. D. Hogg  C. A. Pilditch  C. J. Lundquist 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):1009-1027

During the past 30 years, 42 molecular studies have been undertaken in New Zealand to examine the phylogeography of coastal benthic invertebrates and plants. Here, we identify generalities and/or patterns that have emerged from this research and consider the processes implicated in generating genetic structure within populations. Studies have used various molecular markers and examined taxonomic groups with a range of life histories and dispersal strategies. Genetic disjunctions have been identified at multiple locations, with the most frequently observed division occurring between northern and southern populations at the top of the South Island. Although upwelling has been implicated as a cause of this disjunction, oceanographic evidence is lacking and alternative hypotheses exist. A significant negative correlation between larval duration and genetic differentiation (r² = 0.39, P < 0.001, n = 29) across all studies suggests that larval duration might be used as a proxy for dispersal potential. However, among taxa with short larval durations (<10 days) there was greater variability in genetic differentiation than among taxa with longer pelagic periods. This variability implies that when larval duration is short, other factors may determine dispersal and connectivity among populations. Although there has been little congruence between the phylogeographic data and recognised biogeographic regions, recent research has resolved population subdivision at finer spatial scales corresponding more closely with existing biogeographic classifications. The use of fast‐evolving and ecologically significant molecular markers in hypothesis‐driven research could further improve our ability to detect population subdivision and identify the processes structuring marine ecosystems.  相似文献   

航海图书编辑系统设计与实现     

张梅彩  贾建军  刘报春  张华 《海洋测绘》2013,33(5):60-62

在简要分析航海图书编辑设计和海图生产流程管理现状的基础上,详细论述了航海图书编辑系统的结构、功能和数据库建设,设计了基于ArcEngine的资料可视化分析和示意图制作,实现了海图生产流程的电子审批与管理,归纳了系统开发的关键技术。  相似文献   

内蒙古阿拉善左旗乌兰尚德地区志留系圆包山组笔石化石的发现及其地质意义     

王挨顺  马云飞  张宝艳  武力军  张云学  邢志强  刘明君  杨富广  梁志宝  贾永琦  赵佳佳  张强  孙泽晨 《地质通报》2019,38(6):950-958

阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗杭乌拉山以北哈日奥布日格断凹陷盆地两侧,北东向出露770km2的哑地层,前人将其划为二叠系双堡塘组,但该套地层的岩性和岩石组合及层序特征,与内蒙古岩石地层所述的双堡塘组的现在定义和地质特征及区域变化完全相悖。采用现代沉积学理论和层序地层学方法,开展岩石组合、基本层序、沉积构造与沉积环境研究,划分出3个段级填图单元。根据发现的笔石化石和被晚泥盆世中粗粒黑云母花岗闪长岩侵入的关系,将地层时代确定为早志留世,改划为志留系圆包山组。泥盆纪区域变质变形作用使其发生浅变质和片理化变形,并形成轴向北东的复式向斜构造。后期叠加构造变形,形成紧闭倒转褶皱。志留系圆包山组的确定对本区地层划分和区域构造演化研究有重要意义。  相似文献   

分布式水文模型子流域划分中界河、海岸线的处理研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

雷晓辉  周祖昊  丁相毅  贾仰文  田雨 《水文》2009,29(6)

流域划分是分布式水文模型最重要的基础工作之一.有的区域以界河或者海洋为边界,界河、海岸线上河流出口点众多,如果按照传统流域划分方法,不仅出口点定位工作量大,而且容易遗漏部分小的河流出口点,导致模拟范围与研究区域偏离过大.针对这些问题,本文提出了一种子流域划分过程中界河、海岸线的处理方法.即,通过对DEM进行特殊处理,生成界河、海岸线的模拟河网,然后选择界河的末端和海岸线的任意一端作为出口点,从而大大减小了出口点选择的工作量,提高了模拟范围与研究区域吻合的程度.该算法被成功应用到松辽流域,该区域西北面、北面、东面、东南通过国际界河和跨境河流与蒙、俄、朝三国相邻,南面比邻黄、渤海.  相似文献   

华北蓟县中元古界剖面中燧石条带的形成机制——硼硅同位素证据     

赵悦  李延河  范昌福  胡斌  高建飞 《地质学报》2019,93(8):2055-2067

天津蓟县中新元古界海相沉积碳酸盐岩建造中分布大量燧石条带,特别是雾迷山组燧石条带与白云岩互层密集产出,沉积韵律非常明显,记录了其形成时海洋的化学和生物等信息,但关于其成因和形成机制还存在不同的认识。我们对蓟县中元古界剖面中碳酸盐岩的硼同位素和燧石条带的硅氧同位素进行了系统研究。燧石条带的 δ 30 Si NBS 28 值为0. 6‰~3. 3‰,平均2. 2‰,较热水化学沉积硅质岩的 δ 30 Si NBS 28 值显著偏高,与浅海生物沉积硅质岩的硅同位素组成相近。燧石条带的 δ 18 O V SMOW 值为21. 7‰~27. 8‰,平均25. 5‰,较热液成因硅质岩的值明显偏高,而与常温海相硅质岩的 δ 18 O值相似。蓟县剖面白云岩和灰岩等碳酸盐岩的 δ 11 B SRM 951 值为0‰~11. 0‰之间,平均4. 8‰,较现代海相碳酸盐的值明显偏低。高于庄组至雾迷山组燧石条带白云岩的 δ 11 B值普遍高于白云岩和灰岩的值,在3. 3‰~12. 9‰之间,平均8. 4‰。在酸性条件下富集重硼同位素的B(OH) 3掺入碳酸盐的比例增加,可导致其 δ 11 B值升高。这表明燧石条带白云岩可能形成于局部酸性水环境。结合碳酸盐和SiO 2溶解/沉淀与pH之间相互关系,提出蓟县剖面中的燧石条带是一种具有时代特征的同沉积的生物化学沉积硅质岩。中元古代海水中SiO 2浓度高,基本呈饱和状态,Mg/Ca比值高,生物活动已成为影响海洋环境的重要因素。在生物活动繁盛期大量有机质沉积于海底,导致海水-沉积物界面附近pH值大幅下降(pH＜7. 8),白云石等碳酸盐溶解度升高,难以沉淀;与此相反,SiO 2溶解度降低,达到过饱和,大量沉淀形成燧石条带/透镜体。生物活动羸弱期,海底pH值升高恢复到正常水平,SiO 2溶解度升高,碳酸盐溶解度降低,形成白云岩等碳酸盐沉淀。生物活动的周期性变化,则形成白云岩与燧石互层的条带状韵律层。燧石条带白云岩的硼同位素组成反映的是局部流体的 δ 11 B和pH值,不适合用来反演海水的硼同位素组成。  相似文献   

辽宁鞍本地区铁质活化再富集成因富铁矿的成矿时代——齐大山铁矿床辉钼矿Re-Os年龄证据   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘明军  曾庆栋  李厚民  李立兴  文屹  姚良德  高业舜 《矿床地质》2017,36(1):237-249

中国与早前寒武纪条带状铁建造有关的磁铁富矿集中分布在辽宁鞍本地区,主要由条带状铁建造经过后期热液改造而成,有去硅富铁和铁质活化再富集2种成因,前者以弓长岭铁矿床二矿区的富铁矿为代表,富铁矿的成矿时代为1.84 Ga左右;后者以齐大山铁矿床樱桃园矿区的富铁矿(樱桃园富铁矿)为代表,但是该富铁矿的成矿时代还不清楚。为了探讨铁质活化再富集型富铁矿的成矿时代,笔者对齐大山铁矿区的辉钼矿进行Re-Os同位素测年。该矿区的辉钼矿有3种产出方式:第一种产于花岗伟晶岩中,呈巨晶辉钼矿集合体;第二种为蚀变岩中石英透镜体边部薄膜状辉钼矿;第三种产于混合花岗岩中的石英脉中,呈浸染状产出。第一种辉钼矿的年龄(2503±33)Ma~(2538±36)Ma,代表了条带状铁建造铁质活化再富集形成富铁矿的主要时期,形成于2.5 Ga左右的华北克拉通发生岩浆、变质作用与克拉通化时期,钼来自地壳,佐证了新太古代末华北克拉通的第一次克拉通化主要是壳内物质的重组;第二种辉钼矿的年龄为(2088±28)Ma,其成矿物质来自地壳,佐证了华北克拉通2.3~1.95 Ga的裂谷-俯冲-增生-碰撞的陆内造山事件也主要是壳内物质的重组;第三种辉钼矿的年龄为(1834±28)Ma~(1853±29)Ma,与弓长岭二矿区"去硅富铁"型富铁矿的成矿时代一致,其成矿物质来自地壳,但混有地幔组分,佐证了1.85~1.65 Ga的华北克拉通基底抬升、镁铁质岩墙群侵入、裂陷槽和裂谷形成有地幔物质的参与。  相似文献