Fumarolic gases at Mombacho volcano (Nicaragua): presence of magmatic gas species and implications for volcanic surveillance     

K. Garofalo  F. Tassi  O. Vaselli  A. Delgado-Huertas  D. Tedesco  M. Frische  T. H. Hansteen  R. J. Poreda  W. Strauch 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2007,69(7):785-795

Mombacho is a deeply dissected volcano belonging to the Quaternary volcanic chain of Nicaragua. The southern, historic collapse crater (El Crater) currently hosts a fumarolic field with a maximum temperature of 121°C. Chemical and isotopic data from five gas-sampling field campaigns carried out in 2002, 2003 and 2005 highlight the presence of high-temperature gas components (e.g. SO₂, HCl and HF), which indicate a significant contribution of juvenile magmatic fluids to the hydrothermal system feeding the gas discharges. This is strongly supported by the mantle-derived helium and carbon isotopic signatures, although the latter is partly masked by either a sedimentary subduction-related or a shallow carbonate component. The observed chemical and isotopic composition of the Mombacho fluids seems to indicate that this volcanic system, although it has not experienced eruptive events during the last centuries, can be considered active and possibly dangerous, in agreement with the geophysical data recorded in the region. Systematic geochemical monitoring of the fumarolic gas discharges, coupled with a seismic and ground deformation network, is highly recommended in order to monitor a possible new eruptive phase.  相似文献   

东北地区以泥炭为信息载体的全新世气候变迁研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张新荣  胡克  胡一帆  介冬梅  王东坡 《华北地质》2007,30(1):39-45

泥炭作为一种地质信息载体,在全球环境变化研究中起着越来越重要的作用。我国东北地区地处全球变化的敏感区,泥炭地研究的意义更为显著。笔者针对近年来东北地区泥炭地研究的多种成果,对该区全新世以来泥炭沉积和区域气候变迁历史进行了系统分析。得出:①东北地区泥炭有三次沉积高峰,分别始于早全新世、中全新世与晚全新世初期;②该区10000a以来大体上经历了冷湿-温暖适宜-凉湿-温暖偏干-冷干-寒冷略湿-变暖这样一个气候变迁过程。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐河流域地下水水位监测网设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱瑾  霍传英  姜越  弓小平  李和生  王俊桃  李文鹏  周仰效 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(2):8-14

文章阐述了乌鲁木齐河流域区域地下水水位监测网的优化设计。基于ARCGIS技术,运用水文地质学方法在叠加合成地下水动态类型分区图的基础上优化设计了区域地下水水位监测网密度;采用时间序列分析方法确定了地下水水位监测频率。首期施工安装了11个新的长期专门监测孔;对73个现有监测孔进行了维修并安装了孔口保护装置,安装了28套水位自动监测仪,初步实现了地下水水位的自动监测。  相似文献   

Dynamic analysis of eco-environmental changes based on remote sensing and geographic information system: an example in Longdong region of the Chinese Loess Plateau   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. C. Liu  X. F. Dong  J. H. Wang 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(3):589-598

The Chinese Loess Plateau is suffering from severe soil erosion. The eco-environmental changes of the plateau are believed to have an important influence on global eco-environmental sustainability; hence, this problem has attracted considerable attention from scientists around the world. This study has two purposes; application of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques in the dynamic analysis of eco-environmental changes in the semiarid zone; and using the Longdong region of the Chinese Loess Plateau as an example, to make dynamic analysis of the eco-environmental changes of the region during the 1986–2004 period and identify controlling factors. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data at a spatial resolution of 30 m were used for analysis. Two training areas were selected in Jingning and Qingcheng counties for analysis using 10-m resolution SPOT and Landsat TM data. The satellite RS images were obtained from the Institute of Remote Sensing Application (IRSA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Each images was rectified by Albers Equal Area Conic projection based on 1:50,000 scale topographic maps after spectrum preparation of the images. To make the precision within 1 or 2 pixels, the accurate coordinative control points of the two systems were identified. Then the interpretation key was established based on the land use/cover survey in the study area. The images were classified into six primary environmental types (farmland, forest, grassland, water, construction area, and desert) and 25 sub-types using a visual image interactive interpretation method to obtain vector and attribute data. The resultant accuracy of the land use/cover classification reached 95%. Finally, the transformation areas and ratios of various eco-environmental types in the region were calculated to obtain the transition matrixes of eco-environmental types in the two training areas, Jingning and Qingcheng. This study demonstrates that satellite RS and GIS techniques are effective tools to monitor and analyze the eco-environmental changes in the semiarid region. Visual image interactive interpretation based on GIS technique provides comprehensive information on the direction, rate, and location of eco-environmental changes. The transition matrix model can be used to precisely analyze the variation and rates of the eco-environmental types and their spatial distribution. Great land use changes have taken place Longdong during the 1986–2004 period. These eco-environmental changes were driven by natural and human factors. Natural factors influencing the Longdong region of the Chinese Loess Plateau mainly include temperature, water condition, terrain, soil, and erosion; while human activities include over-cultivation, overgrazing, and fuelwood cutting. As viewed from the extent and severity of the influences, human activities play a very important role in altering the eco-environment of the semiarid region. The study results indicate a need for future research and observation in the semiarid region.  相似文献   

Evaluation of groundwater quality in coastal areas: implications for sustainable agriculture   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

Jin-Yong Lee  Sung-Ho Song 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(7):1231-1242

Seawater intrusion is a problem in the coastal areas of Korea. Most productive agricultural fields are in the western and southern coastal areas of the country where irrigation predominantly relies on groundwater. Seawater intrusion has affected agricultural productivity. To evaluate progressive encroachment of saline water, the Korean government established a seawater intrusion monitoring well network, especially in the western and southern part of the peninsula. Automatic water levels and EC monitoring and periodic chemical analysis of groundwater help track salinization. Salinization of fresh groundwater is highly associated with groundwater withdrawal. A large proportion of the groundwaters are classified as Na–Cl and Ca–Cl types. The Na–Cl types represent effects of seawater intrusion. The highest EC level was over 1.6 km inland and high Cl values were observed up to 1.2 km inland. Lower ratios of Na/Cl and SO₄/Cl than seawater values indicate the seawater encroachment. A linear relation between Na and Cl represents simple mixing of the fresh groundwater with the seawater. The saline Na–Cl typed groundwaters showed Br/Cl ratios similar to or less than seawater values. The Ca–HCO₃ type groundwaters had the highest Br/Cl ratios. Substantial proportions of the groundwaters showed potential for salinity and should be better managed for sustainable agriculture.  相似文献   

内蒙古准格尔旗晚石炭世一早二叠世早期腕足类物种多样性与沉积环境     

Zeng Yong 《古地理学报》2007,(5)

以定性与定量相结合的研究方法,对内蒙古准格尔旗晚石炭世—早二叠世早期的腕足类物种多样性、沉积环境进行了综合研究,指出本区海进序列的腕足类物种多样性远高于海退序列;规模较大、具有一定水深的海进序列是腕足类辐射、分异、物种多样性升高的重要环境体系;本区腕足类辐射起步于晚石炭世早期之初,物种多样性出现了3次峰值(晚石炭世早期之中期、晚石炭世早期之晚期、晚石炭世晚期之中期),其中晚石炭世早期之晚期是本区腕足类物种多样性的顶峰期。  相似文献   

遥感监测水质参数的方法概述     

王旭楠  陈圣波  吕航  谭瑶  乔小利 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2007,(Z1)

介绍了内陆湖泊水质遥感监测的特点及遥感监测水质的机理;总结了国内外近年来用于内陆湖泊水质参数反演的3种常用方法:经验模型、半经验法和机理模型法,并分析了3种模型的优缺点;讨论了目前遥感在水质监测应用中存在的问题和未来该领域研究的重点。  相似文献   

甘南地区近40年气温变化特征   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

王建兵  王振国  汪治桂 《气象》2007,33(1):112-117

通过时甘南地区近40年气温变化特征分析，发现甘肃西南部年平均气温在1990年代初有暖突变，从1980年代末开始该区域夜间开始明显变暖，到1990年代出现白天、夜间同时变暖的现象，甘肃西南部的气温突变主要是由于1990年代后白天和夜间温度同时上升造成的。秋季气温在1980年代末开始上升，夏季和冬季气温到1990年代初开始上升。最高、最低气温和气温日较差的变化具有明显的季节差异。  相似文献   

伊犁地区近35年冬季积雪变化特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李彦华  高明华  肖继东  邢文渊 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2007,1(2):26-28

通过对伊犁地区8个气象地面观测站35a(1971—2005年)11—3月逐旬的冬季最大积雪深度、积雪日数、降水量和平均温度的统计分析,结果表明:伊犁地区冬季降雪的时间、空间分布不均,最大降雪发生在新源;平均雪深最大的是伊宁县,最小的是特克斯县;冬季积雪日数变化相对比较稳定;冬季降雪与平均温度存在着很好的响应关系。在SPSS中对冬季的平均温度与平均降水和平均雪深进行相关分析,发现平均雪深、平均温度和平均降水为显著正相关。  相似文献   

华北和印度夏季风降水变化的对比分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郝立生  闵锦忠  姚学祥 《气候变化研究进展》2007,3(5):271-275

 利用华北和印度夏季降水资料，采用趋势分析、小波变换等方法，对两地区夏季风降水进行了对比分析。结果表明：1) 华北和印度夏季风降水量都存在线性减少倾向，但华北更为显著，减少达16 mm/10 a；2) 华北和印度夏季风降水变化都以18 a周期为主，近年都有逐渐缩短的趋势，而印度的这种周期缩短得比华北更快，近年降水变化周期接近15 a；3) 华北和印度夏季风降水变化在1956、1976、1992/1993年发生了趋势转折；4) 华北和印度降水量主要集中在6-9月，夏季风降水特征非常明显，但两地变化特征表现不尽相同。  相似文献