Broad-scale distribution patterns of sardine and their predators in relation to remotely sensed environmental conditions during the KwaZulu-Natal sardine run     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):279-291

The annual movement of South African sardine Sardinops sagax up the east coast of South Africa, known as the ‘sardine run’, was investigated using data from aerial surveys for the period 1988–2005 and compared with remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll a data. Sardine sighting rates were highest within the Waterfall Bluff Bight off the Eastern Cape Coast, where conditions appeared to be most favourable. Sardine and predator sightings decreased significantly northwards of Mdoni on the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) coast, whereas the proportion of nearshore sightings increased. The causal mechanism for this inshore concentration is suggested to be the influx of warm Agulhas Current water from the Durban Eddy that forces sardine shoreward. Cape gannet Morus capensis, common dolphin Delphinus capensis and sardine distributions were associated, and there was an association between SST and sardine and predator distributions. There was a marked increase in bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus sightings upon commencement of the sardine run, with these dolphins being consid-ered to be a ‘migratory’ stock that enters KZN waters every winter.  相似文献   

Mesoscale features and phytoplankton biomass at the GoodHope line in the Southern Ocean during austral summer     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):511-524

Two sets of high-resolution subsurface hydrographic and underway surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) measurements are used, in conjunction with satellite remotely sensed data, to investigate the upper layer oceanography (mesoscale features and mixed layer depth variability) and phytoplankton biomass at the GoodHope line south of Africa, during the 2010–2011 austral summer. The link between physical parameters of the upper ocean, specifically frontal activity, to the spatially varying in situ and satellite measurements of Chl a concentrations is investigated. The observations provide evidence to show that the fronts act to both enhance phytoplankton biomass as well as to delimit regions of similar chlorophyll concentrations, although the front–chlorophyll relationships become obscure towards the end of the growing season due to bloom advection and ‘patchy’ Chl a behaviour. Satellite ocean colour measurements are compared to in situ chlorophyll measurements to assess the disparity between the two sampling techniques. The scientific value of the time-series of oceanographic observations collected at the GoodHope line between 2004 to present is being realised. Continued efforts in this programme are essential to better understand both the physical and biogeochemical dynamics of the upper ocean in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean.  相似文献   

基于旅游需求的广西入境旅游时空变化研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韦福巍  甘永萍 《热带地理》2009,29(5)

以广西入境旅游为研究对象,从旅游需求的角度出发,通过地理集中指数、年际集中指数、亲景度和旅游流等指标对广西入境旅游的时窄变化进行分析,总结了广西入境旅游的时空变化特征.按照对旅游目的地国际游客从来源到流向的分析思路,首先对广西入境旅游的时空集中性和亲景度进行分析,提出根据亲景度和年际集中指数对主要客源市场进行有重点、分层次开发.其次通过入境游客在广西区内的流向分析,指出应在把握游客需求趋势的基础上,促进优势旅游资源的开发和空间布局的优化.  相似文献   

中国钢铁工业空间格局的演化及影响机制   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

田山川  张文忠 《地理科学进展》2009,28(4):537-545

钢铁工业作为基础性原材料工业,对国家或地区的经济社会发展有巨大的支撑作用。工业化和城市化进程会反作用于钢铁工业,促进其持续发展。由于中国不同地区的经济社会发展阶段不同,钢铁工业的空间格局因而呈现出分异。通过计算1985-2006年的钢产量的变异系数,探讨中国钢铁工业空间格局由集中转向扩散然后再次集聚的演化特征。20世纪70年代-80年代早期,中国钢铁工业主要集聚于辽宁、上海和湖北等少数省市;1985-2002年间,中国钢铁工业的空间分布逐渐向华北和华东地区扩散,钢铁工业的非均衡化发展态势有所缓和;2002年以后,这一空间格局逆转为向沿海地区特别是长三角和环渤海两大经济区集聚,中国钢铁工业的非均衡化发展态势再次加剧。其次,通过考察钢铁工业的产业集中度,在企业视角下考察中国钢铁工业空间格局的演化。最后,探讨了引导中国钢铁工业空间格局演化的影响机制,分析了市场需求、投资、原材料以及企业发展战略等因素在这一演化过程中的作用。  相似文献   

京津冀都市圈人口集聚与扩散及其影响因素——基于区域密度函数的实证研究   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

孙铁山  李国平  卢明华 《地理学报》2009,64(8):956-966

人口集聚与扩散是诠释区域形态和空间结构的重要方面,对其研究有助于理解区域空间结构特征及演变趋势。本研究使用区域密度函数考察京津冀都市圈人口集聚与扩散的特征、趋势及模式,并在其基础上建立计量模型,分析人口集聚与扩散的影响因素。多中心区域密度函数的估计结果显示,京津冀都市圈空间发展正逐步由20世纪80年代的少数核心城市主导的向心集聚阶段,向90年代的多中心集聚与核心城市腹地扩散并存的阶段转变。而且,不同层次的中心城市表现出不同的人口集聚与扩散模式,即去中心化扩散、中心增长型扩散和向心集聚。多中心区域密度函数综合考虑多个中心城市对区域人口密度分布的影响,可以更准确地反映京津冀都市圈人口集聚与扩散的特征及变化趋势。同时,本研究建立动态VPM(Varying Parameter Model)模型,考察区域中心城市的社会经济属性对人口集聚与扩散的影响。其结果显示,区域中心城市人口集聚与扩散主要受城市规模、经济发展及结构调整以及对外交通条件等因素的影响。  相似文献   

Deriving depths of deep chlorophyll maximum and water inherent optical properties: A regional model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peng Xiu  Yuguang Liu  Gang Li  Qing Xu  Haibo Zong  Zengrui Rong  Xiaobin Yin  Fei Chai 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

The Bohai Sea is a semi-enclosed inland sea with case-2 waters near the coast. A comprehensive set of optical data was collected during three cruises in June, August, and September 2005 in the Bohai Sea. The vertical profile measurements, such as chlorophyll concentration, water turbidity, downwelling irradiance, and diffuse attenuation coefficient, showed that the Bohai Sea was vertically stratified with a relative clear upper layer superimposed on a turbid lower layer. The upper layer was found to correspond to the euphotic zone and the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) occurs at the base of this layer. By tuning a semi-analytical model (24 and 25) for the Bohai Sea, we developed a method to derive water inherent optical properties and the depth of DCM from above-surface measurements. Assuming a ‘fake’ bottom in the stratified water, this new method retrieves the ‘fake’ bottom depth, which is highly correlated with the DCM depth. The average relative error between derived and measured values is 33.9% for phytoplankton absorption at 440 nm, 25.6% for colored detrital matter (detritus plus gelbstoff) absorption at 440 nm, and 24.2% for the DCM depth. This modified method can retrieve water inherent optical properties and monitor the depth of DCM in the Bohai Sea, and the method is also applicable to other stratified waters.  相似文献   

NaCl胁迫对甜瓜叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光特性的影响   总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0  

陈年来  张玉鑫  安黎哲 《中国沙漠》2009,29(6):1129-1133

以两个变种甜瓜幼苗为材料,在人工控制条件下研究了NaCl胁迫对甜瓜叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫降低了甜瓜叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和PSⅡ最大光化学效率、PSⅡ潜在活性、PSⅡ电子传递量子效率和光化学猝灭系数,使非光化学猝灭系数升高。在≤50 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下,甜瓜叶片光合速率降低主要由气孔因素引起,而在NaCl浓度≥100 mmol·L-1条件下则以非气孔限制因素为主。  相似文献   

北极Svalbard群岛雪坑及河流主要离子特征          下载免费PDF全文

钟灵  康世昌  徐彦伟  张强弓 《极地研究》2009,21(1):76-79

报道了2007年北极Svalbard群岛Longyearbyen地区2处雪坑样品和8个河流样品中主要阴、阳离子浓度。对比该地区1996年雪坑样品离子浓度发现,2007年雪坑中离子浓度普遍降低,该地区河流水化学受陆源离子影响为主,主要是河流流经裸露基岩过程中对岩石的侵蚀作用造成的。  相似文献   

Retrieval of suspended sediment concentrations in large turbid rivers using Landsat ETM+: an example from the Yangtze River,China     

Jian‐Jun Wang  Xi Xi Lu  Soo Chin Liew  Yue Zhou 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(8):1082-1092

Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is a critical parameter in the study of river sediment transport and water quality variation, but traditional measurement methods are costly and time‐consuming. This paper is focused on presenting a methodology that may be useful in estimating SSC which is of key importance in process geomorphology and hydrology. In previous studies, remote sensing has been applied to estimate the SSC of sea waters as well as low turbid inland waters like lakes, reservoirs and short river reaches visible within a single Landsat satellite image coverage. Rivers, especially highly turbid large rivers, have largely been ignored. The dataset used in this paper includes measured SSC and multi‐temporal Landsat ETM+ images covering most part of the Yangtze River. Using an effective easy‐to‐use atmospheric correction method that does not require in situ atmospheric conditions, retrieved water reflectance of Band 4 was found to be a good SSC indicator within the large SSC range 22–2610 mg l^–1. The newly developed regression relation between SSC and water reflectance of Band 4 appears to be able to provide a relatively accurate SSC estimate directly from Landsat ETM+ images for the Yangtze River from the upper, the middle to the lower reaches. With the relation it is possible to estimate or map out SSC dynamics of large rivers which lack SSC data due to constraints of conventional measurements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Pumped rainfall simulators: the impact of rain pulses on sediment concentration and size     

A. Armstrong  J. N. Quinton 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(9):1310-1314

Many pumped rainfall simulators used in soil erosion studies use pulsed rain to control the rainfall intensity. We examined the effect of the rain pulsing on sediment concentration and size using three different pulse cycles with the same rainfall intensity. There was considerable variation in sediment concentration through the pulse cycle: the highest concentration was up to four times that of the lowest concentration. Furthermore, the particle size distribution also varied: the peak median particle size was double the lowest median particle size. The magnitude of differences in sediment concentration and particle size were greater the longer the pulse cycle and these dynamics will vary between rainfall simulators and studies. We suggest the impact of the pulsing on sediment is significant and should be investigated prior to experimentation so that sampling periods are designed to avoid bias introduced by fine temporal scale sediment dynamics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献