Wind erodibility of soils at Fort Irwin,California (Mojave Desert), USA,before and after trampling disturbance: implications for land management     

J. Belnap  S. L. Phillips  J. E. Herrick  J. R. Johansen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(1):75-84

Recently disturbed and ‘control’ (i.e. less recently disturbed) soils in the Mojave Desert were compared for their vulnerability to wind erosion, using a wind tunnel, before and after being experimentally trampled. Before trampling, control sites had greater cyanobacterial biomass, soil surface stability, threshold friction velocities (TFV; i.e. the wind speed required to move soil particles), and sediment yield than sites that had been more recently disturbed by military manoeuvres. After trampling, all sites showed a large drop in TFVs and a concomitant increase in sediment yield. Simple correlation analyses showed that the decline in TFVs and the rise in sediment yield were significantly related to cyanobacterial biomass (as indicated by soil chlorophyll a). However, chlorophyll a amounts were very low compared to chlorophyll a amounts found at cooler desert sites, where chlorophyll a is often the most important factor in determining TFV and sediment yield. Multiple regression analyses showed that other factors at Fort Irwin were more important than cyanobacterial biomass in determining the overall site susceptibility to wind erosion. These factors included soil texture (especially the fine, medium and coarse sand fractions), rock cover, and the inherent stability of the soil (as indicated by subsurface soil stability tests). Thus, our results indicate that there is a threshold of biomass below which cyanobacterial crusts are not the dominant factor in soil vulnerability to wind erosion. Most undisturbed soil surfaces in the Mojave Desert region produce very little sediment, but even moderate disturbance increases soil loss from these sites. Because current weathering rates and dust inputs are very low, soil formation rates are low as well. Therefore, soil loss in this region is likely to have long‐term effects. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Lipid composition of a Recent Polynesian microbial mat sequence     

J.P. Boudou  J. Trichet  N. Robinson  S.C. Brassell 《Organic Geochemistry》1986,10(4-6)

The extractable lipid composition of four layers of a microbial mat from Hao, French Polynesia, shows differences that reflect both the imprint of their microbial populations and the selective diagenetic transformations of specific microbial compounds.The uppermost layers, principally composed of cyanobacteria and other bacteria, contain lipids typical of such microbes, namely n-heptadecane, heptadecene, hexadecanoic acid, and various sterols. With increasing depth the selective degradation of lower n-alkane homologues occurs; n-alkenes also show enhanced degradation.The predominant sterols in the bottom horizon of the mat are C₂, and C₃₀ components, including dinosterol and other 4-methylsterols presumably derived from dinofiagellates. In addition, there is an increase in the proportion of stanols with depth, perhaps arising from preferential degradation of δ⁵-stenols.  相似文献   

两种蓝细菌中7对毒素-抗毒素系统的分析和鉴定     

林世团  王晓雪  陈冉 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(3):119-134

蓝细菌(cyanobacteria)是一类能进行放氧光合作用的原核生物。蓝细菌生长速度较快, 几乎存在于所有的陆地和水生环境中。毒素-抗毒素(toxin-antitoxin, TA)系统在原核生物中分布十分广泛, 在细菌的生命活动中扮演了重要的角色, 如维持水平基因转移元件的稳定性以及应对环境胁迫压力等。已有的基因组分析表明, 蓝细菌基因组中含有大量潜在的毒素-抗毒素系统, 但是目前对蓝细菌毒素-抗毒素系统的实验鉴定仍较少。本文分别以淡水和海水代表菌株集胞藻PCC6803(Synechocystis sp. PCC6803)和聚球藻WH7803(Synechococcus sp. WH7803)为研究对象, 对二者基因组上的毒素-抗毒素系统进行预测, 并选取预测结果中的7对潜在的毒素-抗毒素系统进行实验验证。结果表明, 集胞藻PCC6803的两对毒素-抗毒素系统BAD01932-1933 和 BAA18559-New ORF7中的毒素具有明显的细胞毒性。本文的研究结果有助于后续对蓝细菌毒素-抗毒素系统及其生态和生物学功能的研究。  相似文献   

Acyclic Alkanes in the Cave in Qingjiang, Soil over Heshang Hubei Province     

蒲阳黄俊华  黄咸雨崔景伟 胡超涌 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2006,17(2):115-120

The reports that relate to the biomarker＇s fate and characteristics of the modern soil in the karst area are very lacking. By using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, a series of biomarkers were identified from the soils collected over Heshang cave （和尚洞） in Qingjiang （清江）, Hubei （湖北） Province. The distribution of n-alkanes is mainly from C2s to C33 in carbon number, with a maximum at C31. They have a strong odd-over-even carbon number predominance. These characteristics represent an input mainly from higher plants. The lipid parameters, including CPIh （carbon preference index）, Rb/t（ratio of lower- to higher-molecular-weight homologues） and ACL （average chain length）, show comparable trends with depth, probably reflecting vegetation change and microbial degradation. Series of monomethylalkanes and diploptene are present in the extractable organic matter; they might be derived from soil microbes, cyanobacteria in particular.  相似文献