文章已录用：阴山晚中生代板内造山特征及其动力机制-以内蒙古大青山为例     

杜菊民 《地质学报》2009,83(7):910-922

内蒙古大青山属我国典型的板内造山带阴山山脉的南部山系,其西段缺少大型低角度推覆构造及大型深成岩对前期演化历史的干扰,是研究阴山板内造山特点及过程的理想区域。通过对大青山西段的构造进行几何学和运动学的分析表明,古老结晶基底以逆冲推覆及基底褶皱的形式广泛的巻入中生代构造变形,以及先存构造样式的广泛复活并对后期地层沉积和断层发育的控制作用是内蒙古大青山地区中生代板内造山的两个基本特征。这些变形特征反映了阴山带板内造山过程中,是以结晶基底为受力层,并控制上覆盖层进行构造变形的,进而表明板内造山主要是由水平挤压应力造成的。结合研究区构造变形特点及邻区中生代构造地质情况的分析认为,晚侏罗世时期之所以在阴山带形成强烈的板内造山运动,是由其北部西伯利亚板块与蒙古褶皱带碰撞产生的板缘应力的远程传递,以及其南侧强硬的鄂尔多斯地块的阻挡共同作用而形成的。  相似文献   

The Ordovician Sierras Pampeanas–Puna basin connection: Basement thinning and basin formation in the Proto-Andean back-arc     

Steffen H. Büttner   《Tectonophysics》2009,477(3-4):278

The Ordovician Sierras Pampeanas, located in a continental back-arc position at the Proto-Andean margin of southwest Gondwana, experienced substantial mantle heat transfer during the Ordovician Famatina orogeny, converting Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian metasediments to migmatites and granites. The high-grade metamorphic basement underwent intense extensional shearing during the Early and Middle Ordovician. Contemporaneously, up to 7000 m marine sediments were deposited in extensional back-arc basins covering the pre-Ordovician basement. Extensional Ordovician tectonics were more effective in mid- and lower crustal migmatites than in higher levels of the crust. At a depth of about 13 km the separating boundary between low-strain solid upper and high-strain lower migmatitic crust evolved to an intra-crustal detachment. The detachment zone varies in thickness but does not exceed about 500 m. The formation of anatectic melt at the metamorphic peak, and the resulting drop in shear strength, initiated extensional tectonics which continued along localized ductile shear zones until the migmatitic crust cooled to amphibolite facies P–T conditions. P–T–d–t data in combination with field evidence suggest significant (ca. 52%) crustal thinning below the detachment corresponding to a thinning factor of 2.1. Ductile thinning of the upper crust is estimated to be less than that of the lower crust and might range between 25% and 44%, constituting total crustal thinning factors of 1.7–2.0. While the migmatites experienced retrograde decompression during the Ordovician, rocks along and above the detachment show isobaric cooling. This suggests that the magnitude of upper crustal extension controls the amount of space created for sediments deposited at the surface. Upper crustal extension and thinning is compensated by newly deposited sediments, maintaining constant pressure at detachment level. Thinning of the migmatitic lower crust is compensated by elevation of the crust–mantle boundary. The degree of mechanical coupling between migmatitic lower and solid upper crust across the detachment zone is the main factor controlling upper crustal extension, basin formation, and sediment thickness in the back-arc basin. The initiation of crustal extension in the back-arc, however, crucially depends on the presence of anatectic melt in the middle and lower crust. Consumption of melt and cooling of the lower crust correlate with decreasing deposition rates in the sedimentary basins and decreasing rates of crustal extension.  相似文献   

Conflicting structural and geochronological data from the Ibituruna quartz-syenite (SE Brazil): Effect of protracted “hot” orogeny and slow cooling rate?     

Sylvain Petitgirard  Alain Vauchez  Marcos Egydio-Silva  Olivier Bruguier  Pierre Camps  Patrick Moni  Marly Babinski  Mathieu Mondou 《Tectonophysics》2009,477(3-4):174

The Ibituruna quartz-syenite was emplaced as a sill in the Ribeira-Araçuaí Neoproterozoic belt (Southeastern Brazil) during the last stages of the Gondwana supercontinent amalgamation. We have measured the Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) in samples from the Ibituruna sill to unravel its magnetic fabric that is regarded as a proxy for its magmatic fabric. A large magnetic anisotropy, dominantly due to magnetite, and a consistent magnetic fabric have been determined over the entire Ibituruna massif. The magmatic foliation and lineation are strikingly parallel to the solid-state mylonitic foliation and lineation measured in the country-rock. Altogether, these observations suggest that the Ibituruna sill was emplaced during the high temperature (~ 750 °C) regional deformation and was deformed before full solidification coherently with its country-rock. Unexpectedly, geochronological data suggest a rather different conclusion. LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP ages of zircons from the Ibituruna quartz-syenite are in the range 530–535 Ma and LA-ICP-MS ages of zircons and monazites from synkinematic leucocratic veins in the country-rocks suggest a crystallization at ~ 570–580 Ma, i.e., an HT deformation > 35My older than the emplacement of the Ibituruna quartz-syenite. Conclusions from the structural and the geochronological studies are therefore conflicting. A possible explanation arises from ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar thermochronology. We have dated amphiboles from the quartz-syenite, and amphiboles and biotites from the country-rock. Together with the ages of monazites and zircons in the country-rock, ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar mineral ages suggest a very low cooling rate: < 3 °C/My between 570 and ~ 500 Ma and ~ 5 °C/My between 500 and 460 Ma. Assuming a protracted regional deformation consistent over tens of My, under such stable thermal conditions the fabric and microstructure of deformed rocks may remain almost unchanged even if they underwent and recorded strain pulses separated by long periods of time. This may be a characteristic of slow cooling “hot orogens” that rocks deformed at significantly different periods during the orogeny, but under roughly unchanged temperature conditions, may display almost indiscernible microstructure and fabric.  相似文献   

Erosion-driven uplift of the modern Central Alps   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jean-Daniel Champagnac  Fritz Schlunegger  Kevin Norton  Friedhelm von Blanckenburg  Luca M. Abbühl  Marco Schwab 《Tectonophysics》2009,474(1-2):236

We present a compilation of data of modern tectono-geomorphic processes in the Central European Alps which suggest that observed rock uplift is a response to climate-driven denudation. This interpretation is predominantly based on the recent quantification of basin-averaged Late Holocene denudation rates that are so similar to the pattern and rates of rock uplift rates as determined by geodetic leveling. Furthermore, a GPS data-based synthesis of Adriatic microplate kinematics suggests that the Central Alps are currently not in a state of active convergence. Finally, we illustrate that the Central Alps have acted as a closed system for Holocene redistribution of sediment in which the peri-Alpine lakes have operated as a sink for the erosional products of the inner Central Alps.While various hypotheses have been put forward to explain Central Alpine rock uplift (e.g. lithospheric forcing by convergence, mantle processes, or ice melting) we show with an elastic model of lithospheric deformation, that the correlation between erosion and rock uplift rates reflects a positive feedback between denudation and the associated isostatic response to unloading. Thus, erosion does not passively respond to advection of crustal material as might be the case in actively converging orogens. Rather, we suggest that the geomorphic response of the Alpine topography to glacial and fluvial erosion and the resulting disequilibrium for modern channelized and associated hillslope processes explains much of the pattern of modern denudation and hence rock uplift. Therefore, in a non-convergent orogen such as the Central European Alps, the observed vertical rock uplift is primarily a consequence of passive unloading due to erosion.  相似文献   

Overprinted strike-slip deformation in the southern Valley and Ridge in Pennsylvania     

Richard P. Nickelsen   《Journal of Structural Geology》2009,31(9):865

Two major faults, over 32 km long and 6.4 km apart, truncate or overprint most previous folds and faults as they trend more northerly than the previous N25°E to N40°E fold trends. The faults were imposed as the last event in a region undergoing sequential counter-clockwise generation of tectonic structures. The western Big Cove anticline has an early NW verging thrust fault that emplaces resistant rocks on its NW limb. A 16 km overprint by the Cove Fault is manifested as 30 small northeast striking right-lateral strike-slip faults. This suggests major left-lateral strike-slip separation on the Cove Fault, but steep, dip-slip separation also occurs. From south to north the Cove Fault passes from SE dipping beds within the Big Cove anticline, to the vertical beds of the NW limb. Then it crosses four extended, separated, Tuscarora blocks along the ridge, brings Cambro-Ordovician carbonates against Devonian beds, and initiates the zone of overprinted right-lateral faults. Finally, it deflects the Lat 40°N fault zone as it crosses to the next major anticline to the northwest. To the east, the major Path Valley Fault rotates and overprints the earlier Carrick Valley thrust. The Path Valley Fault and Cove Fault may be Mesozoic in age, based upon fault fabrics and overprinting on the east–west Lat 40°N faults.  相似文献   

Deformation microstructures of olivine in peridotite from Spitsbergen, Svalbard and implications for seismic anisotropy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. JUNG  W. MO  S. H. CHOI 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2009,27(9):707-720

To understand the deformation mechanism and seismic anisotropy in the uppermost mantle beneath Spitsbergen, Svalbard, in the Arctic, the deformation microstructures of olivine in the peridotite of Spitsbergen were studied. Seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle can be explained mainly by the lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine. The LPOs of the olivine in the peridotites were determined using electron backscattered diffraction patterns. Eight specimens out of 10 showed that the [100] axis of the olivine was aligned subparallel to the lineation and that the (010) plane was subparallel to the foliation, showing a type A LPO. In the other two specimens the [100] axis of olivine was aligned subparallel to the lineation and both the [010] and [001] axes were distributed in a girdle nearly perpendicular to the lineation, showing a type D LPO. The dislocation density of the olivine in the samples showing a type D LPO was higher than that in the samples showing a type A LPO. The result of an Fourier transformation infrared study showed that both the types A and D samples were dry. These observations were in good agreement with a previous experimental study ( Tectonophysics , 421 , 2006, 1 ): samples showing a type D LPO for olivine were observed at a high stress condition and samples showing both types A and D LPO were deformed under dry condition. Observations of both strong LPOs and dislocations of olivine indicate that the peridotites studied were deformed by dislocation creep. The seismic anisotropy calculated from the LPOs of the olivine could be used to explain the seismic anisotropy of P - and S -waves in the lithospheric mantle beneath Spitsbergen, Svalbard.  相似文献   

Analytical solution to 1D coupled water infiltration and deformation in unsaturated soils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. Z. Wu  L. M. Zhang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2009,33(6):773-790

An analytical solution to 1D coupled water infiltration and deformation is derived using a Fourier integral transform. Exponential functional forms are used to represent the hydraulic conductivity–pore‐water pressure relationship and the soil‐water characteristic curve. Fredlund's incremental‐linear constitutive model for unsaturated soils is adopted. The analytical solution considers arbitrary initial pore‐water pressure distributions and flux and pressure boundary conditions. The corresponding analytical solutions to coupled steady‐state problems are also obtained. The analytical solutions demonstrate that the coupling of seepage and deformation plays an important role in water infiltration in unsaturated soils. In the early stages of infiltration, the difference between uncoupled and coupled conditions becomes marked over time, and in late stages, the difference caused by the coupling effects diminishes toward the steady state. The difference between the uncoupled and coupled conditions increases with decreasing desaturation coefficient (α). Pore‐water pressure or deformation changes caused by the coupling effects are mainly controlled by the degree of soil volume change due to a change in soil suction (H). The smaller the absolute value of H, the greater the effect of coupling on the infiltration and deformation. The ratio of rainfall intensity to saturated permeability (q/k_s) also has a strong influence on the coupled seepage and deformation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地塔中低凸起古构造演化与变形特征   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

李本亮  管树巍  李传新  邬光辉  杨海军  韩剑发  罗春树  苗继军 《地质论评》2009,55(4):521-530

通过区域地质和构造地震精细研究,提出了塔里木南缘早古生代板块构造控制塔南—塔中从伸展到挤压盆地演化：寒武纪—早奥陶世板缘拉张控制了塔中北斜坡断陷构造;中奥陶世北昆仑洋盆关闭后塔中前缘隆起;晚奥陶世—晚泥盆世塔中前陆冲断与走滑构造变形。晚奥陶世塔南前陆冲断构造由东南向西北方向传播,形成塘北—塔中南—塔中5号断裂带等弧形断裂体系和塔中低凸起中西段与Ⅰ号断裂带小角度斜交的走滑断裂体系。冲断构造位移的传播受控于两个滑脱层：其一是沿寒武系内部膏盐岩的滑脱,形成弧形冲断构造,终止于塔中南缘断裂带;另一个是沿中地壳韧性变形带的滑脱,形成塔中1号断裂带东端的弧形构造带。塔中1号断裂带东段的构造变形方式主要为向北传播水平位移的断层传播褶皱和向南反向冲断的楔形构造。塔中低凸起的中西段右行走滑构造导致了向东收敛的扫帚状走滑断裂体系的形成,剖面发育花状构造。塔中低凸起的古构造演化与变形特征、构造变形样式、构造变形成因和断裂体系,是克拉通盆地内部叠合盆地深层的主要构造地质特征。  相似文献   

从多系统年代学(Multi-System Geochronology)透视云开地块古生代-中生代的构造演化          下载免费PDF全文

褚杨  陈科  林伟  严德天  王清晨 《地质科学》2009,44(3):922-930

云开地块位于华南板块南缘,经历了麻粒岩-高角闪岩相的高级变质作用,是华南地区为数不多的高级变质地体。研究表明,云开地块在古生代到中生代经历了复杂的构造演化过程,分别记录了早古生代末期、早中生代、晚中生代早期和晚中生代晚期的构造影响。这些构造事件在多系统年代学图上具有很好的表现,系统地揭示了云开地块的地质演化历史。  相似文献   

A test method for analyzing the deformation of landslide model     

《地震研究进展（英文）》2021,1(3):100031

In order to study the overall deformation of geotechnical model conveniently, the worksite of landslide bridge foundation reinforced by the front and rear row anti-slide piles in Chenglan railway was taken as an example. On the basis of shaking tabe test of a 1/40 reduced scale model, the landslide deformation caused by vibration waves was monitored through burying self-made phosphor bronze strips in soil. Combined with the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the bending strain points on the phosphor bronze strips, the digital matrix was converted by applying Renka Cline random matrix generation method, and the two-dimensional contour plots were drawn based on it. The results showed that the two-dimensional contour plots reflected the basic law of landslide deformation reasonably, and it revealed the evolution process of landslide deformation and failure. The research conclusions were consistent with the test phenomenon, which met the basic requirements of overall deformation analysis of landslide model. This proposed method can monitor multiple cross sections and was practical for model test.  相似文献