新疆库车坳陷逆掩断裂在油气运聚中的作用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

付广  付晓飞  吕延防 《地质科技情报》2004,23(1):73-77

在研究新疆库车坳陷逆掩断裂、源岩和盖层空间发育特征的基础上,研究了逆掩断裂与源岩、盖层的空间匹配关系.认为断穿源岩、盖层的逆掩断裂则是油气散失的通道;勾通源岩,但未断穿盖层的逆掩断裂则是油气聚集的输导通道,它们控制着库车坳陷油气的聚散及其在空间上的分布.在研究库车坳陷逆掩断裂活动史和源岩排烃史、盖层封闭能力形成史的基础上,研究了逆掩断裂与源岩、盖层的时间匹配关系,认为盖层与源岩的时间匹配关系控制着可供运移的油气量;逆掩断裂与源岩的时间匹配关系控制着可供聚集的油气量,盖层与逆掩断裂的时间匹配关系控制着油气的富集量.  相似文献   

Hydrostatic equilibrium of causally consistent and dynamically stable neutron star models     

P. S. Negi 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,388(3):1161-1170

We show that the mass–radius  ( M – R )  relation corresponding to the stiffest equation of state (EOS) does not provide the necessary and sufficient condition of dynamical stability for equilibrium configurations, because such configurations cannot satisfy the 'compatibility criterion'. In this regard, we construct sequences composed of core–envelope models such that, like the central condition belonging to the stiffest EOS, each member of these sequences satisfies the extreme case of the causality condition,   v = c = 1  , at the centre. We thereafter show that the M – R relation corresponding to the said core–envelope model sequences can provide the necessary and sufficient condition of dynamical stability only when the 'compatibility criterion' for these sequences is 'appropriately' satisfied. However, the 'compatibility criterion' can remain satisfied even when the M – R relation does not provide the necessary and sufficient condition of dynamical stability for the equilibrium configurations. In continuation of the results of a previous study, these results explicitly show that the 'compatibility criterion' independently provides, in general, the necessary and sufficient condition of hydrostatic equilibrium for any regular sequence. In addition to its fundamental result, this study can explain simultaneously the higher and the lower values of the glitch healing parameter observed for the Crab-like and Vela-like pulsars respectively, on the basis of the starquake model of glitch generation.  相似文献   

Disentangling Shallow and Deep Processes Causing Surface Movement     

I. C. Kroon  B.-L. Nguyen  P. A. Fokker  A. G. Muntendam-Bos  G. de Lange 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(5):571-584

Understanding and predicting surface movement is important both technically and for social reasons. The shallow processes contributing to subsidence include construction works, peat oxidation, clay compaction, and groundwater withdrawal; deep causes are hydrocarbon and salt production. We describe an inversion procedure we have devised to disentangle the deep and shallow causes of surface movement. It employs a Bayesian inversion scheme, using forward models and other ‘a priori’ information about shallow and deep compaction. Parameter estimation thus takes place at two different depths, thereby disentangling the deep and shallow compaction processes responsible for surface movement. The uncertainty in the surface measurements and ‘a priori’ estimates is naturally incorporated. Furthermore, spatial and temporal correlations can be taken into account through inclusion of the covariance matrix. The inversion scheme is demonstrated for two synthetic cases. The first combines a compacting gas field and a compacting shallow peat layer. We demonstrate that assumptions on the shape of the subsidence bowl are not necessary. We also show how neglecting either deep or shallow causes of subsidence can produce spurious results. The advantage of using the ‘a priori’ estimates of the compaction and the covariance matrix obtained by Monte Carlo simulations is demonstrated with a second synthetic example involving two polders and different depths of their water table. A robust solution is obtained for each polder unit, while a simpler (and faster) ‘a priori’ estimate based on the expected average clay thickness fails to reproduce the actual compaction. Monte Carlo simulations can also be applied to compaction in depleting gas reservoirs. Information on spatial correlations is often available, even when the absolute values of the ‘a priori’ compaction data are quite uncertain. Explicitly incorporating such ‘a priori’ known spatial correlations improves the result significantly.  相似文献   

A Blocking Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method for Inverse Stochastic Hydrogeological Modeling   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Jianlin Fu  J. Jaime Gómez-Hernández 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(2):105-128

An adequate representation of the detailed spatial variation of subsurface parameters for underground flow and mass transport simulation entails heterogeneous models. Uncertainty characterization generally calls for a Monte Carlo analysis of many equally likely realizations that honor both direct information (e.g., conductivity data) and information about the state of the system (e.g., piezometric head or concentration data). Thus, the problems faced is how to generate multiple realizations conditioned to parameter data, and inverse-conditioned to dependent state data. We propose using Markov chain Monte Carlo approach (MCMC) with block updating and combined with upscaling to achieve this purpose. Our proposal presents an alternative block updating scheme that permits the application of MCMC to inverse stochastic simulation of heterogeneous fields and incorporates upscaling in a multi-grid approach to speed up the generation of the realizations. The main advantage of MCMC, compared to other methods capable of generating inverse-conditioned realizations (such as the self-calibrating or the pilot point methods), is that it does not require the solution of a complex optimization inverse problem, although it requires the solution of the direct problem many times.  相似文献   

基于奇异值分解的时移地震互均衡方法   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

金龙  陈小宏  刘其成 《地球物理学进展》2005,20(2):294-297

针对时移地震互均衡处理中的传统匹配滤波算法抗噪能力弱的特点,重新推导匹配滤波方程,引入奇异值分解方法求解,克服系数矩阵的奇异性,同时减少噪声的影响.模拟数据和实际数据都验证了基于奇异值分解匹配滤波较传统匹配滤波算法有更好的抗噪能力.  相似文献   

基于小波变换的分层影像匹配   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

姜挺  江刚武 《测绘学报》2004,33(3):244-248

提出一种小波变换支持的基于灰度和基于特征相结合的分层匹配方案用于DEM自动生成,利用航空与航天影像(MOMS-02,SPOT)进行的试验表明,该方案具有基于灰度、基于特征和分层影像匹配的优点,能以较少的代价获得高精度、高可靠性的匹配结果.  相似文献   

基于非量测CCD摄像机的钣金件误差检测   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张永军  刘经南  张祖勋  张剑清 《测绘学报》2004,33(2):132-137

提出利用非量测CCD摄像机进行钣金件高精度3维重建与制造误差检测.介绍直线段最小二乘模板匹配的基本原理;提出利用像面上的点、直线信息进行混合光束法平差,对工业钣金件的线框模型进行高精度3维重建;采用1维模板匹配技术直接获取复杂形状的物方参数;重建结果可以用于检测零件的制造误差.所开发的误差检测系统具有硬件成本低、自动化程度高等特点,实际图像数据的多次实验均取得很好的检测结果.  相似文献   

基于多基线立体匹配技术的三维重建     

詹总谦  张祖勋  郑顺义  季铮 《地理空间信息》2004,2(6):17-19

介绍一种从多目视觉理论演化而来的多基线立体匹配技术,它具有短基线、多影像的特点,可以大大提高匹配的自动化和可靠性,快速实现物体表面三维重建,最后通过四组实验说明该技术的可行性和优越性。整个过程包括短基线相片获取、相片参数解算、多基线立体匹配、数据预处理和三维重建等。  相似文献   

动态波形匹配预测火山岩地层的横向变化   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘瑞林  杨峰平  信毅  王正允 《地球物理学进展》2004,19(4):946-952

讨论一种根据3D地震数据计算地层横向变化的方法动态波形匹配方法,该方：该方法利用动态规划算法对相邻地震道地震波形进行动态波形匹配并计算波形匹配费用．把波形匹配费用作为相邻地震道地震波形之间差异大小程度的度量．对大庆油田一块800km^2的3D地震数据的计算表明,动态波形匹配费用可以较好地度量相邻地震道地震波形之间的差异,表示地下地质体的横向变化,如断层、裂缝发育带和火山岩岩体等．  相似文献   

地形起伏对雷达景象实际匹配影响初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶勤  陈映鹰 《遥感学报》2005,9(1):106-111

雷达景象匹配由于具有全天候的特征,在飞行器导航与定位中受到重视,但因为地形起伏影响,实际地物在雷达景象上的成像会发生变形与移位,这将影响实时雷达景象与参考基准图匹配的精度。根据实时雷达景象的成像方式,利用参考基准图模拟出地面平坦条件下的模拟雷达图一;并利用DEM数据,采用纠正方法,在该模拟雷达图上引入地面起伏因素的影响,得到地面起伏情况下的实际成像——模拟雷达图二。试验中,将同一地区的两类模拟雷达实时图分别与参考基准图影像进行匹配,比较匹配的结果,针对其匹配差异分析地面起伏对雷达景象匹配的实际影响,最后得出结论——实际地面在雷达图上的成像特征是影响匹配的最主要因素,地形起伏对匹配的影响与地面特征的分布有关,只有起伏区域存在明显地物特征时才会对匹配产生影响。  相似文献