无限域横观各向同性岩体介质中折线裂纹边界元方法     

王炳军  肖洪天  孙凌志  岳中琦 《岩土力学》2015,36(3):885-890

岩体材料的各向异性导致其中的光滑裂纹在扩展后会变为折线裂纹。对于折线裂纹,其折线处裂纹面外法线方向不惟一,不能用连续单元离散。为此,在光滑裂纹问题方法的基础上,引入4种新的不连续单元来离散折线处裂纹面,建立了适用于折线裂纹问题的对偶边界元方法,该方法基于横观各向同性基本解。算例验证表明,该方法具有较好的精度。最后用该方法分析了横观各向同性岩体中的折线裂纹,得到了该类裂纹的应力强度因子。当裂纹面上作用法向均布力,横观各向同性岩体介质中的矩形光滑裂纹发生弯折时,折线两侧的裂纹面在张开时存在抑制效应,从而导致折线裂纹裂尖应力强度因子小于原光滑裂纹。同时还发现,随裂纹面的逐渐弯折,其裂纹面对各向同性面的倾角发生变化,因此,其裂尖断裂特性还受到岩体各向异性的影响。  相似文献   

山西省煤炭资源形势分析及保障程度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张永东  李润兰 《中国煤炭地质》2009,(12):61-63

山西省煤炭资源的有效供给能力和资源保障程度,对全国经济可持续发展起着举足轻重的作用。基于2006年末煤炭资源现状和赋存情况的研究,对全省煤炭资源形势及其保障程度得出如下结论：①全省保有煤炭资源储量相对丰富,在全国煤炭开发布局中优势明显;②煤炭资源地质条件中等偏简单,资源丰度中等,煤类分布特征突出;③生产矿井煤炭资源储量的占用比重大,但开发利用集约化及产业集中程度低,优质资源损耗浪费严重;④可供开采利用及需进一步勘查确认的可利用资源的规模与空间较大;⑤预测资源潜力较大,找矿（煤）勘查难度增加。并根据煤炭资源开发现状及当前地质勘查程度．就如何提高煤炭资源保障程度的提出了建议。  相似文献   

The Impact of Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover on the Summer Temperature in Central Asia     

Xuke LIU  Xiaojing JIA  Min WANG  Qifeng QIAN 《大气科学进展》2022,39(7):1103-1114

The current work examines the impact of the snow cover extent (SCE) of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the interannual variation in the summer (June?July?August) surface air temperature (SAT) over Central Asia (CA) (SAT_CA) during the 1979?2019 period. The leading mode of the summer SAT_CA features a same-sign temperature anomalies in CA and explains 62% of the total variance in SAT_CA. The atmospheric circulation associated with a warming SAT_CA is characterized by a pronounced high-pressure system dominating CA. The high-pressure system is accompanied by warm advection as well as descending motion over CA, favoring the warming of the SAT_CA. Analysis shows that the interannual variation in the summer SAT_CA is significantly positively correlated with the April SCE over the central-eastern TP. In April, higher than normal SCE over the central-eastern TP has a pronounced cooling effect on the column of the atmosphere above the TP and can persist until the following early summer. Negative and positive height anomalies appear above and to the west of the TP. In the following months, the perturbation forcing generated by the TP SCE anomalies lies near the western center of the Asian subtropical westerly jet (SWJ), which promotes atmospheric waves in the zonal direction guided by the Asian SWJ. Associated with this atmospheric wave, in the following summer, a significant high-pressure system dominates CA, which is a favorable condition for a warm summer SAT_CA.  相似文献   

宁镇中段矿化斑岩体的侵位深度及剥蚀程度研究          下载免费PDF全文

杨悸熒  刘理湘 《江苏地质》2013,37(1):41-48

判别岩体侵位深度对找矿富有指导意义,查明岩体剥蚀程度是评价斑岩铜矿找矿前景的重要因素之一。运用岩体"盖层"厚度恢复法、成岩温度与压力计算法、蚀变矿化分带判别法、岩体的顶垂体、捕虏体、析离体及岩脉发育状况判别法,以及岩石的结构、构造和矿物结构形态判别法,综合研究了宁镇中段主要斑岩体的侵位深度和剥蚀程度,结果表明宁镇中段侵入体总体上具有由西向东、由南向北剥蚀程度逐渐加深的特点。  相似文献   

中国荒漠化潜在发生范围的修订   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

吴波  苏志珠  陈仲新 《中国沙漠》2007,27(6):911-917

为了客观反映中国荒漠化发生区域,按照联合国防治荒漠化《公约》的定义,利用1950-1990年间全国671个气象站的长时间序列气象数据,分别采用Thornthwaite和Penman计算可能蒸散量的方法计算了湿润指数的分布,然后根据中国气候区划和中国植被区划以及中国荒漠化发生的特点等对计算结果进行了调整,对中国荒漠化潜在发生范围进行了修订,明确了荒漠化各气候类型区的地理涵义。研究结果表明：①《公约》定义的荒漠化潜在发生范围及各气候类型区的划分标准不完全适用于中国。②中国的荒漠化发生在极干旱区、干旱区、半干旱区和亚湿润干旱区。极干旱区对应极旱荒漠,干旱区对应典型荒漠、草原化荒漠以及荒漠草原,半干旱区对应典型草原,亚湿润干旱区对应草甸草原中偏干旱的部分。③修订后中国荒漠化潜在发生范围总面积约4 524 089.1 km²,约占国土总面积的47.1％,其中亚湿润干旱区、半干旱区、干旱区和极干旱区分别占12.6％、28.8％、34.4％和24.2％。荒漠化潜在发生范围修订后比修订前增加1 207 056.9 km²,其中亚湿润干旱区面积减少,半干旱区、干旱区和极干旱区面积增加。  相似文献   

Seasonal Variability of Northern Hemisphere Snow Extent Using Visible Satellite Data     

David A. Robinson  Allan Frei 《The Professional geographer》2000,52(2):307-315

In this paper we use a satellite‐derived data set to explore spatial and temporal variations of snow extent across Northern Hemisphere continents during the last three decades. These weekly visible‐wavelength satellite maps of Northern Hemisphere snow extent produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration constitute the longest consistently‐derived satellite record of any environmental variable. We document the considerable intra‐annual variability of snow extent, and show that during each month, fluctuations over relatively small areas are responsible for the majority of the year‐to‐year variability. Regions that cover less than 6% of Northern Hemisphere lands north of 20°N explain 62% Ã Â Ã Â 92% of the interannual variance across the continents. On average, snow was more extensive across both Eurasia and North America from the 1970s to middle 1980s than during the late 1980s to late 1990s. During late winter, spring and summer, snow extent has decreased since the middle 1980s, while during fall to middle winter, snow extent has remained relatively constant. Accurate information on continental snow extent is critical for weather and hydrologic forecasting; for understanding hemispheric‐scale atmospheric circulation, thermal variations, and regional snow extent; and for using snow as a credible indicator of climate variability and change.  相似文献   

转型期上海社会空间分异研究   总被引：75，自引：14，他引：61  

李志刚  吴缚龙 《地理学报》2006,61(2):199-211

采用2000年第五次全国人口普查数据库中居民委员会尺度的数据,对转型期上海城市空间重构与分异展开研究。存在6类社会区：计划经济时代建设的工人居住区、外来人口集中居住区、白领集中居住区、农民居住区、新建普通住宅居住区、离退休人员集中居住区。通过计算分异指数,发现当前上海存在严重的住房分异;但并不存在明显的以社会经济属性为基础的社会空间分异。造成这一现象的原因在于计划经济时代的历史以及仍然存在的大型企事业单位对住房的影响。中国城市目前的社会空间分异在程度上与西方城市还有根本的差异。  相似文献   

珞珈一号夜间灯光影像在建设用地提取中的应用:以武汉市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘权毅  詹庆明  李建松  杨晨  刘稳 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2021,(1):30-39

城市建设用地能够反映城市建设发展在地域空间上的分布形态,是规划主管部门监测城市建设和扩张的关键指标.2018-06-02发射的珞珈一号卫星可提供130 m分辨率的夜间灯光数据,在城市建设用地的提取方面具有较大潜力.首先整合珞珈一号夜间灯光影像与Landsat 8多光谱影像以及网络地图兴趣点数据;然后分别采用人类居住合成...  相似文献   

Variability of stream extents controlled by flow regime and network hydraulic scaling     

Dana A. Lapides  Christine D. Leclerc  Hana Moidu  David N. Dralle  W. Jesse Hahm 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14079

Stream networks expand and contract through time, impacting chemical export, aquatic habitat, and water quality. Although recent advances improve prediction of the extent of the wetted channel network (L ) based on discharge at the catchment outlet (Q ), controls on the temporal variability of L remain poorly understood and unquantified. Here we develop a quantitative, conceptual framework to explore how flow regime and stream network hydraulic scaling factors co-determine the relative temporal variability in L (denoted here as the total wetted channel drainage density). Network hydraulic scaling determines how much L changes for a change in Q , while the flow regime describes how Q changes in time. We compiled datasets of co-located dynamic stream extent mapping and discharge to analyze all globally available empirical data using the presented framework. We found that although variability in L is universally damped relative to variability in Q (i.e., streamflow is relatively more variable in time than network extent), the relationship is elastic, meaning that for a given increase in the variability in Q , headwater catchments will experience greater-than-proportional increases in the variability of L . Thus, under anticipated climatic shifts towards more volatile precipitation, relative variability in headwater stream network extents can be expected to increase even more than the relative variability of discharge itself. Comparison between network extents inferred from the L -Q relationship and blue lines on USGS topographic maps shows widespread underestimation of the wetted channel network by the blue line network.  相似文献   

基于ALOS-PALSAR卫星数据对青藏高原东缘龙日坝断裂带地表构造伸展的研究及其大地构造指示意义          下载免费PDF全文

郭晓玉  高锐  徐啸  Keller G R 《地质科学》2016,(1):15-25

龙日坝断裂带位于青藏高原最东缘,呈北东-南西向延伸,平行于其东侧的龙门山断裂带,二者大约相距150 km。与龙门山断裂带不同的是,龙日坝断裂带在青藏高原东缘相关GPS测量中表现为一明显的速度梯度带,说明龙日坝断裂带可能具有很重要的构造属性。然而有关龙日坝断裂带的地表结构构造延伸问题一直悬而未决,目前还存在许多的争议,这在一定程度上也阻碍了我们对青藏高原东缘相对于印度-欧亚板块碰撞地球动力学响应的了解。在本次研究中,我们将首次采用ALOS-PALSAR卫星数据,并结合地表地质和前人的地球物理学研究成果,来监测与龙日坝断裂带的构造活动相关的细微地表形变,并由此控制龙日坝断裂带的延伸范围。研究结果表明,龙日坝断裂带与其西南侧的抚边河断裂带相交且近乎垂直,而非前人研究所认为的龙日坝断裂带延伸至其西缘的鲜水河断裂带。综合研究结果也为了解龙日坝断裂带的大地构造属性提供了数据支持。  相似文献