Hypernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts     

Ken’ichi Nomoto  Keiichi Maeda  Nozomu Tominaga  Takuya Ohkubo  Jinsong Deng  Paolo A. Mazzali 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,298(1-2):81-86

The nature of very energetic supernovae (hypernovae) is discussed. They are the explosive death of stars more massive than ~20–25M _⊙, probably linked to the enigmatic Gamma-Ray Bursts. The optical properties of hypernovae indicate that they are significantly aspherical. Synthetic light curves and late-phase spectra of aspherical supernova/hypernova models are presented. These models can account for the optical observations of SNe 1998bw and 2002ap. The abundance patterns of hypernovae are characterized by large ratios (Zn, Co)/Fe and small ratios (Mn, Cr)/Fe, indicating a significant contribution of hypernovae to the early Galactic chemical evolution.  相似文献   

Characteristics analysis of extremely cold weather in the Greater Khingan Mountains region北大核心CSCD     

许丽玲  康恒元  潘明溪  韩凤岐  沈月钊  喻文兵  张秀红 《冰川冻土》2022,44(6):1748-1756

Extremely cold weather has an important influence on winter production and life in the Greater Khingan Mountains region. This paper uses the daily minimum temperature data of ground observation stations during extreme cold weather from 1974 to 2021 in the Greater Khingan Mountains region, monthly circulation index data, the spatial distribution and temporal variation characteristics of extreme cold days and extreme minimum temperature were analyzed by climate statistical method; The abrupt changes and periods of extreme cold days and extreme minimum temperature were tested by Mann-Kendall method and Morlet wavelet analysis; calculating the recurrence period of extreme minimum temperature by empirical frequency method; correlation method was used to analyze the circulation factors which had significant influence on the number of extremely cold days. The results are followed: (1) The spatial distribution of extreme cold days in the Greater Khingan Mountains region was not uniform, and gradually decreasing from northwest to south. The extreme cold days was at most 717 d in Huzhong, and at least 29 d in Gagadaki, the extreme cold days in the whole region mutated in 1979, and the average annual extreme cold days decreased 14.2 d after the mutation compared with that before the mutation, and the annual extremely cold days have a significant cycle of 2 to 4 years. (2) The extreme minimum temperature in the whole region mutated in 1990, before the mutation the extreme minimum temperature was low and after the mutation began to rise, the significant cycle of annual extreme minimum temperature was 4 to 5 years, the extreme lowest temperature was -49.6 ℃ in Mohe, followed by -49.2 ℃ in Huzhong; the extreme lowest temperature occurs once every 2 years, once every 5 years and once every 10 years in Huzhong, while the extreme lowest temperature occurs once in 20 years, once in 50 years and once in 100 years in Mohe. (3) SCAND teleconnection patterm has a good correlation with extreme cold days in winter(January, February and December)in the Greater Khingan Mountains region. Positive growth of the circulation mode, it has great influence on the extreme cold weather in winter in the Greater Khingan Mountains region. © 2022 Science Press (China).  相似文献   

Synthetic RapidEye data used for the detection of area-based spruce tree mortality induced by bark beetles     

Hooman Latifi  Thorsten Dahms  Burkhard Beudert  Marco Heurich  Carina Kübert  Stefan Dech 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2018,55(6):839-859

Tree mortality caused by outbreaks of the bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) plays an important role in the natural dynamics of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) stands, which could cause far-reaching changes in the occurrence and duration of vegetation phenology. Field-based early detection of tree disturbances is hampered by logistic, terrain, and technical shortcomings, and by the inability to continuously monitor disturbances over large areas. Despite achievements in remote mapping of bark-beetle-induced tree mortalities, early warning has been mostly unsuccessful mainly because of the lack of spectral sensitivity and discrepancies in definitions of field- and image-based disturbance classes. Here we applied a method based on inter-annual phenology of Norway spruce stands derived from synthetic multispectral data to part of the Bavarian Forest National Park in Germany. We fused temporally continuous Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and discrete RapidEye data using a flexible spatiotemporal data fusion method to achieve validated 8-day RapidEye-like composites of normalized difference vegetation index for 2011. We assumed that the dead trees delineated on 2012 aerial photographs were those in which bark beetle infestations were initiated in 2011. Samples were drawn with variable-sized buffering to represent the areas prone to infestations and their surroundings. We applied a conditional inference random forest to select the best image date among the entire 46 synthetic datasets to best discriminate between the core infestation patches and their surroundings from the subsequent year. Of the discrete time points identified, day 281 of the year represented the highest discrepancy between aerial image-based dead trees and their surroundings. Classification results were significantly correlated with beetle count data obtained using pheromone traps. Our method provided valuable information for management purposes and enabled wall-to-wall mapping of stands prone to infestation and its uncertainty. The results offer potential implications for rapid and cost-effective monitoring of bark beetle outbreaks using satellite data, which would be of great benefit for both management and research tasks.  相似文献   

我国大陆科学钻探工程实施概况及其取心钻进技术体系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

朱永宜  王稳石  张恒春  闫家  曹龙龙  许洁  孟庆鸿  谈晓丽 《地质学报》2018,92(10):1971-1984

科学钻探是为包括构造运动、气候变迁、火山喷发、地震机理、陨星撞击等基础地学研究领域,提取地球深部信息、建立地下长期观测网络的科学工程。开展科学钻探,不仅将促进我国地学基础理论研究走向国际前沿,实现从地质大国向地质强国的转变,还具有拉动我国钻探工程整体进步,提高其技术、学术水平和国际地位的工程技术意义。在通过科学钻探获取的地下信息中,岩心是直接反映地球演变历史的实物资料,也是最为地质学家所重视的研究资料。我国自2001年启动大陆科学钻探工程以来,素以全过程连续钻取岩心和对岩心的高质量要求著称于世。本文概略介绍了我国已成功实施的4项大陆科学钻探工程,着重介绍了在工程中形成的,具有我国自主知识产权的科学钻探取心钻进技术体系：井底动力取心钻进系统、大口径长回次钻程取心钻进系统、极复杂地层原状取心钻进系统,以及各类岩心的无损出管方法,介绍了各钻进系统在工程应用中取得的主要成果。  相似文献   

浅层气区地质岩心钻探技术综合研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

吴金生  房勇  石绍云  邓伟  黄晟辉  齐江 《探矿工程》2018,45(8):23-27

核电发展需要稳定的铀资源供应,在我国北方油气盆地开展砂岩型铀矿战略选区和调查评价,需要对主要异常和重点地区进行取心钻探工程验证。但钻进地层极松散破碎,取心率低;浅层气发育,井控要求高;大直径扩孔,井斜和携岩困难;极寒冬季施工及环保要求高。通过研究和探索,形成了一套浅层气区极松散破碎地层的绿色综合钻探技术体系及工艺方法,包括单管锥阀取心、环保高粘低失水泥浆、远程井控、钻铤及导向钻具分级扩孔等,为北方砂岩型铀矿找矿突破和资源能源安全保障提供技术支撑,具有示范与推广作用。  相似文献   

桂西巴马地区极高Ti/Y 值基性岩地球化学特征——来自峨眉山地幔柱高Ti母岩浆？     

黄文龙  刘希军  时毓  许继峰  廖帅  郭琳  吴伟男  李政林  梁琼丹 《地质通报》2015,34(203):474-486

桂西地区位于扬子地块西南缘,越北地块以北。桂西巴马等地出露层状—似层状基性岩（辉绿岩和玄武岩）,该地区的基性岩成因对于理解该区构造—岩浆作用具有十分重要的意义。对桂西巴马基性岩进行了岩石学和地球化学研究,对其岩石成因和岩浆源区特征进行了讨论。研究表明,桂西巴马基性岩属于碱性玄武质岩,相对富集轻稀土元素和Nb、Ti等微量元素,与峨眉山大火成岩省高Ti玄武岩相似,说明其与峨眉山地幔柱具有相关性。然而,对比峨眉山高Ti玄武岩,巴马基性岩表现出更高的Ti/Y值。不相容元素比值特征表明,桂西巴马基性岩岩浆演化呈现更高的Nb/Y值等演化趋势。结合Dy/Dy?与Dy/Yb、Ti/Y的协变关系,对桂西基性岩与峨眉山玄武岩岩浆源区中稀土元素的分异特征进行判别,揭示出桂西巴马基性岩和峨眉山高Ti玄武岩具有同源性。然而,巴马基性岩地幔熔融程度更低,可能是峨眉山大火成岩省外带的地幔柱岩浆作用延伸的结果,代表了峨眉山地幔柱高Ti玄武岩母岩浆的特征。  相似文献   

大兴安岭地区果树栽培的可能性与技术措施     

安德明  王林凤 《黑龙江气象》2000,(2):27-28,37

在目前气候变暖的条件下,通过耐旱育种和气候驯化等措施,在大兴安岭岭南地区可栽培绥李３号和４号品种,俄罗斯苹果、太平果、铃铛果等。要想获得好收成,还需加强栽培管理和抗寒措施。  相似文献   

广东省2018年5月极端高温天气的特征及成因分析     

林汇丰  张玫  张秋明  张亮  马泽义  刘建龙  陈芳丽  李明华 《广东气象》2020,(2):12-16

利用1953-2018年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和广东省逐日气象要素数据,分析了广东省2018年5月罕见大范围、持续长时间的极端高温天气过程时空分布特征和成因。结果表明:该次过程主要发生在5月中旬中期至月底,梅州高温日数长达15 d。全省高温空间分布呈自东向西逐渐递减的趋势,沿海地区温度较内陆偏低,虽高温日数明显偏少,但大部分地区极端最高气温和高温日数均破历史纪录;南亚高压和副高长时间控制广东地区,以及对流层低层弱的西南风场和辐散场,使得下沉气流增温作用显著,形成了有利于高温炎热天气的大气环流背景场;少云、弱风速和低湿度,以及充足的日照,有利于辐射增温,易出现高温炎热天气。  相似文献   

A new analysis strategy for detection of faint γ-ray sources with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes     

Y. Becherini  A. Djannati-Ataï  V. Marandon  M. Punch  S. Pita 《Astroparticle Physics》2011,34(12):858-870

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Phylogenomic analysis of transcriptomic sequences of mitochondria and chloroplasts of essential brown algae (Phaeophyceae) in China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

JIA Shangang  WANG Xumin  LI Tianyong  QIAN Hao  SUN Jing  WANG Liang  YU Jun  REN Lufeng  YIN Jinlong  LIU Tao  WU Shuangxiu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(2):94-101

The chloroplast and mitochondrion of brown algae （Class Phaeophyceae of Phylum Ochrophyta） may have originated from different endosymbiosis. In this study, we carried out phylogenomic analysis to distinguish their evolutionary lineages by using algal RNA-seq datasets of the 1 000 Plants （1KP） Project and publicly available complete genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts of Kingdom Chromista. We have found that there is a split between Class Phaeophyceae of Phylum Ochrophyta and the others （Phylum Cryptophyta and Haptophyta） in Kingdom Chromista, and identified more diversity in chloroplast genes than mitochondrial ones in their phylogenetic trees. Taxonomy resolution for Class Phaeophyceae showed that it was divided into Laminariales-Ectocarpales clade and Fucales clade, and phylogenetic positions of Kjellmaniella crassi-folia, Hizikia fusifrome and Ishige okamurai were confirmed. Our analysis provided the basic phylogenetic relationships of Chromista algae, and demonstrated their potential ability to study endosymbiotic events.  相似文献