Markov-random-field-based super-resolution mapping for identification of urban trees in VHR images   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Juan P. Ardila  Valentyn A. Tolpekin  Wietske Bijker  Alfred Stein 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2011,66(6):762-775

Identification of tree crowns from remote sensing requires detailed spectral information and submeter spatial resolution imagery. Traditional pixel-based classification techniques do not fully exploit the spatial and spectral characteristics of remote sensing datasets. We propose a contextual and probabilistic method for detection of tree crowns in urban areas using a Markov random field based super resolution mapping (SRM) approach in very high resolution images. Our method defines an objective energy function in terms of the conditional probabilities of panchromatic and multispectral images and it locally optimizes the labeling of tree crown pixels. Energy and model parameter values are estimated from multiple implementations of SRM in tuning areas and the method is applied in QuickBird images to produce a 0.6 m tree crown map in a city of The Netherlands. The SRM output shows an identification rate of 66% and commission and omission errors in small trees and shrub areas. The method outperforms tree crown identification results obtained with maximum likelihood, support vector machines and SRM at nominal resolution (2.4 m) approaches.  相似文献   

GM trees on trial in a field: Reductionism, risks and intractable biological objects     

Helena Valve 《Geoforum》2011,42(2):222-230

Identification of GM plants with their internal molecular-genetic qualities serves transformation of living organisms into identifiable commodities and objects of regulation. From molecular reductionist assumptions it also follows that scientific research is to be based on experiments that allow analysis of genetic influence in isolation. In this paper, I analyse molecular reductionism ‘in action’ by means of an ethnographic case study, focusing on the practices and transformations through which a field trial of transgenic trees created understanding of the risks or risklessness of the trees. The results show how the mobilisation of the field trial design, choosing of key analytical scales and formation of the research team stabilised the paths that experimentation was to follow. The scientists took the emerging inconsistencies and surprises calmly, indicating that unexpected events are an essential part of a scientific process. However, surprises could matter only in relation to the testing arrangements. Therefore, what could become visible and what could make a difference for the constitution of risk/risklessness were the fluctuations that the particular analytical assemblages defined as significant from the outset. Meanwhile, it was impossible to treat the trees and the field ecosystem as mutually constitutive. Nevertheless, there is no reason to think of knowledge production concerning transgenic organisms in deterministic terms. First, scientists are bound to be complexly engaged with the ecosystems that they are supposed to sort out. Second, consideration of the public lessons of experiments may elicit problems and limitations of molecular reductionism.  相似文献   

舟曲三眼峪泥石流监测预警方案设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐亚明  张茂省  魏新平  毕远宏  丛凯 《西北地质》2011,44(3):95-99

对泥石流的防治不仅要有工程治理措施,而且应配合相应的监测预警措施,以达到有效减缓地质灾害风险的目的.笔者以舟曲三眼峪泥石流为例,设计了针对泥石流触发因素的降雨监测方案;针对泥石流发生和变化过程的次声、泥位、红外线遮断、视频监测方案;针对泥石流物源的滑坡崩塌监测方案;以及针对泥石流防治工程拦挡坝的应力应变监测方案;在此基...  相似文献   

超长隧洞施工测量若干问题研究     

王腾军  田青文 《地球科学与环境学报》2003,25(2):66-69

超长隧洞施工测量属于超规范作业,为保证超长隧洞贯通,必须对超长隧洞施工测量进行研究。对隧洞施工测量中洞口控制网布设、数据处理及其误差对贯通的影响与洞内基本控制网的布设、平差及检核方法等若干问题进行了研究,所得成果已运用于引黄入晋工程中的南干5#和7#超长隧洞施工测量中,确保了两超长隧洞的顺利贯通。  相似文献   

2020年贵州省一次MCC特大暴雨的诊断分析          下载免费PDF全文

王兴菊  罗喜平  王明欢  周文钰  蒙军  胡秋红 《中低纬山地气象》2022,46(1):19-26

该文利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP再分析资料以及卫星和雷达资料,通过对环流背景、云图、雷达以及物理量分析研究,对2020年6月30日贵州特大暴雨过程进行诊断分析,发现此次特大暴雨过程是在高空多短波槽活动、中层弱冷空气的入侵、高空急流和低层切变线长期维持以及西南暖湿气流的持续性输送共同影响下形成的。此次MCC对流云团生成于毕节市威宁县附近,在MCC的初始阶段,对流云团由块状向椭圆形发展,冷云罩面积逐步增大,云顶亮温中心不断降低;成熟阶段由椭圆形逐步扩散为多边形,云顶亮温中心维持在-80℃以下;消亡阶段冷云罩面积和云顶亮温绝对值迅速减小。逐小时短时强降雨站数与冷云盖面积有很好的对应关系,在形成、成熟、消亡3个阶段分别呈现逐步上升、明显上升和迅速减小的趋势;最大小时雨量在成熟阶段与最低云顶亮温有较好的对应关系。此次特大暴雨过程中强回波基本集中在4 km以下,中低层越靠近地面回波越强,强回波接地,质心低。初始阶段强回波强度强,移速快,但生命史短,呈现单峰值分布;成熟阶段的强回波范围大,持续时间长,移速慢,呈现多峰值分布。TI≥44℃的大值区长期维持,低层的暖平流和上升气流以及正涡度辐合,配合高层的冷平流和下沉气流以及负涡度辐散,为此次特大暴雨过程提供了有利的能量和动力条件。  相似文献   

Evaluation of different machine learning methods for land cover mapping of a Mediterranean area using multi-seasonal Landsat images and Digital Terrain Models     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):492-509

Land cover monitoring using digital Earth data requires robust classification methods that allow the accurate mapping of complex land cover categories. This paper discusses the crucial issues related to the application of different up-to-date machine learning classifiers: classification trees (CT), artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM) and random forest (RF). The analysis of the statistical significance of the differences between the performance of these algorithms, as well as sensitivity to data set size reduction and noise were also analysed. Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper data captured in European spring and summer were used with auxiliary variables derived from a digital terrain model to classify 14 different land cover categories in south Spain. Overall, statistically similar accuracies of over 91% were obtained for ANN, SVM and RF. However, the findings of this study show differences in the accuracy of the classifiers, being RF the most accurate classifier with a very simple parameterization. SVM, followed by RF, was the most robust classifier to noise and data reduction. Significant differences in their performances were only reached for thresholds of noise and data reduction greater than 20% (noise, SVM) and 25% (noise, RF), and 80% (reduction, SVM) and 50% (reduction, RF), respectively.  相似文献   

Mechanism of Na and K Substitutions in Bioapatite Within Salty Area     

LI Zhen 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):86-86

正Introduction Na and K are two most important cations in salty water,and also are two typical ions in animals’body fluids.The mineral,bioapatite,is a form of carbonated hydroxylapatite,which makes up over 50 wt.%of bones  相似文献   

2019年7月17日江苏东南部特大暴雨的 双偏振雷达观测分析     

王坤  王啸华  夏昕  李敏  顾沛澍  彭小燕 《气象科学》2022,42(5):610-621

利用S波段双偏振雷达数据,结合再分析数据、自动气象站、探空和二维闪电探测数据,采用多普勒雷达风场反演和粒子相态识别等方法,分析了2019年7月17日江苏省东南部多站破历史记录的超强降水对流风暴的偏振特征和云微物理特征;并选取了打破当地强降水历史记录如皋站和潞城站,分析了影响两站的对流单体的异同。影响如皋的对流风暴几无闪电活动,对流质心接近地面,上升气流相对较弱。且0 ℃和-35 ℃层间霰粒子数目相对较少,闪电几乎不存在。在融化层以下,由于强烈的暖雨过程,较大的冰相粒子落下并融化和低层雨滴的聚并增长,导致低层雨滴数量迅速增加,带来地面极端强降水。潞城地区雷暴活动明显,影响其对流风暴发展旺盛。-35~0 ℃层存在强烈的上升运动,抬升低层大量的液相粒子通过淞附作用形成的霰,并与高层冰晶不断碰撞,在云层中形成强大的电场,产生强烈的负闪,且在地面产生了极强的降水。这表明融化层以上的冰相微观物理过程,对于降水的发生和增强非常重要。  相似文献   

2019年沈阳一次凌晨气温骤升过程成因精细分析     

梁寒  阎琦  李爽  张宸赫  于亚鑫  黄阁  孙虹雨  桑明刚 《气象与环境学报》2022,38(3):45-51

2019年12月2日01时沈阳国家基本气象站(沈阳站)气温1 h内异常回升了6.5℃,利用常规和加密地面观测站实况、NCEP再分析及沈阳站逐小时风廓线雷达资料,从系统配置、热力学诊断、城市热岛效应等方面对此次异常升温事件成因进行精细分析。结果表明:沈阳站异常升温阶段,超低空到近地面暖脊过境造成辽宁大部分地区出现气温回升,暖脊过境是引发沈阳站午夜时分异常升温的原因之一;沈阳站位于沈阳市的东南部,当地面风为西北风时,风从温度相对较高的城区吹向郊区,造成沈阳南部郊区各站气温回升,与北部郊区对比得出升温幅度约为3—4℃。城市热岛中心向下风方漂移是沈阳站气温骤升又一原因。值得注意的是,气温回升前的温度基础值对气温回升幅度存在一定程度影响,回升前的基础温度越低,则回升后造成的升温幅度越大。  相似文献   

华南冬季异常冷月预测概念模型Ⅱ──大气环流、极冰、积雪等物理因子特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

吴尚森  梁建茵 《热带气象学报》2000,16(4):289-296

统计分析了华南冬季异常冷月及其前期大气环流及外部强迫因子的变化特征。结果表明,异常冷月当月至其前期３月西太平洋副热带高压带高压持续偏弱或位置偏东偏南。前一年东亚夏季风弱,当年冬季风强。前期７、８、９月和当年冬季亚洲极涡扩展。１月前期１１月和１２月青藏高原积雪日数偏少。２月前期１１个月,特别是３～８月北极Ⅳ区极冰偏多,１２月前期１～１１月Ⅱ期极冰偏多,３～８月Ⅲ区极冰偏少。综合上述因子以及５００ｈｐ  相似文献