Image Sources for Informal Settlement Management     

S. O. Mason  & C. S. Fraser 《The Photogrammetric Record》1998,16(92):313-330

Informal settlements are a common feature of developing countries. In South Africa the improvement of living conditions in these settlements and the upgrading to formal housing types are regarded as being of central importance to the nation's development. Effective settlement improvement and upgrading activities, which we here term "management", require adequate spatial data. To date, the acquisition of spatial models of informal settlements has been based on conventional mapping techniques, and mostly on photogrammetry. Data are compiled using analogue or analytical methods. These are manual and hence require both considerable expertise and expensive equipment. Moreover, these methods are uneconomical over the often relatively small, densely populated areas covered by informal settlements and are also too expensive to employ with a regularity required to support such tasks as change detection. Alternative imaging sources and mapping techniques are therefore needed.
In this article we examine the problem of spatial information acquisition for informal settlement management from three perspectives: spatial information requirements, the role which imagery can play in satisfying these spatial information requirements, and effective imaging options. We focus on the potential of high resolution satellite imaging, small format digital aerial imagery and digital multispectral video systems for rapid mapping. We also discuss the example of automated shack extraction from aerial imagery.  相似文献   

Airborne gravimetry used in precise geoid computations by ring integration   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

A. H. W. Kearsley  R. Forsberg  A. Olesen  L. Bastos  K. Hehl  U. Meyer  A. Gidskehaug 《Journal of Geodesy》1998,72(10):600-605

Two detailed geoids have been computed in the region of North Jutland. The first computation used marine data in the offshore areas. For the second computation the marine data set was replaced by the sparser airborne gravity data resulting from the AGMASCO campaign of September 1996. The results of comparisons of the geoid heights at on-shore geometric control showed that the geoid heights computed from the airborne gravity data matched in precision those computed using the marine data, supporting the view that airborne techniques have enormous potential for mapping those unsurveyed areas between the land-based data and the off-shore marine or altimetrically derived data. Received: 7 July 1997 / Accepted: 22 April 1998  相似文献   

Variations in the crustal structure beneath western Turkey   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Paul Saunders  Keith Priestley  & Tuncay Taymaz 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,134(2):373-389

  相似文献   

McSEIS—170f浅层地震勘探仪数据格式     

常旭 《地球物理学进展》1998,13(1):120-126

日本ＯＹＯ公司生产的ＭｃＳＥＩＳ－１７０ｆ瞬时浮点浅层地震勘探仪野外观测数据具有软盘专用格式。本文对磁盘上文件部信息段与数据段存放方式作出了详细的解释,并且对文件头记录内容逐一进行了解剖和说明。本文还提供了读取文件关信息和数据的标准Ｃ语言程序实例。些项工作补充了仪器说明书中缺少的内容。  相似文献   

全球地震震中数据库及数据格式     

张德存  黎明 《地震地磁观测与研究》1998,19(6):63-76

全球震中光盘数据库３．０版,向科研单位及所有用户提供地震震中资料。包括地震震中的地理位置,震级大小及震源深度,和发震时间都存贮在光盘地震数据库。通过人机对话方式进行地震数据的存取。  相似文献   

南沙北部伸展构造的基本特征及其动力学意义   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14  

刘海龄  杨树康 《高校地质学报》1998,4(1):64-72

南沙地块辫啊以中南－美洲断裂为分界,其东、西两侧伸展构造的几何学与运动学表明,晚白垩世至早渐新世,其伸展作用以纯剪切为主;中渐新世至早中新世,伸展带东段转换为简单剪切,西段剪切渐停。伸展作用的主要动力来源于陆缘俯冲板片的拆沉、软流圈地幔热物质乘隙上拱和部分熔融作用及周边板块的相互作用。  相似文献   

中国东北部晚中生代裂陷作用与伸展构造     

张功成  徐宏 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1998,(3)

中国东北晚中生代经历了区域性的裂谷期、后裂谷热沉降期和反转期。从西向东可以分成海拉尔—二连、孙吴—松辽、三江三个裂谷带。裂谷期形成了１００多个断陷,其中大多数是断面东倾的半地堑,从西向东倾角有从大变小的趋势。后裂谷仅中带发生了幅度巨大的沉降。裂谷期的变形作用及其裂谷期和后裂谷期的沉降特点表明裂谷区发生了区域性的单剪拆离伸展作用。反转期发生冲断褶皱作用,变形从东向西应变减小。  相似文献   

Non-Darcian groundwater flow in leaky aquifers     

ZEKAI ŞEN 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):595-606

Abstract

A simplified method has been developed for solving leaky aquifer non-Darcian flow hydraulics. The principle of volumetric approach is combined with the confined-aquifer, time-dependent drawdown equation in an observation well. The groundwater flow in the leaky aquifer is assumed to obey a non-Darcian flow law of exponential type. The results are obtained in the form of type-curve expressions from which the necessary bundles of curves are drawn for a set of selective non-Darcian flow aquifer parameters. Although application of the methodology appears as rather limited but it provides a scientific contribution and extension of leaky aquifer theory towards nonlinear flow conditions. The methodology developed herein is applied to some actual field data from the eastern sedimentary basin in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.  相似文献   

草鱼出血病病毒VP7蛋白基因的人工合成与原核表达   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韦先超  杨泽晓  王印  裴腊梅  姚学萍  汪开毓  杨水仙 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(3):645-650

根据GenBank已发表的GCRVVP7蛋白基因序列,设计合成2条特异性引物和19条搭桥引物,通过搭桥PCR人工合成带有3处变异碱基的GCRVVP7蛋白基因整个编码框,经过酶切、连接、PCR鉴定和测序鉴定克隆到原核表达载体pColdTF中,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),进行IPTG诱导表达和表达产物的SDS-PAGE、Western-blotting分析、纯化以及反应原性的iELISA检测。结果表明,成功人工合成了长831bp的GCRV VP7蛋白基因编码框和构建了VP7蛋白基因的重组质粒pCold TF-VP7,pColdTF-VP7转化菌经IPTG(1mmol/L)诱导3—4h即可获得特异性蛋白VP7重组蛋白的高效表达,VP7重组蛋白相对分子量大小约为73.9ku,与预期大小相符,且与鼠抗GCRV血清有良好反应原性。  相似文献   

北疆及邻区石炭-二叠纪花岗岩时空分布特征及其构造意义   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

童英  王涛  洪大卫  韩宝福  张建军  史兴俊  王超 《岩石矿物学杂志》2010,29(6):619-641

北疆及邻区发育大量的花岗岩,其中石炭-二叠纪花岗岩较为突出。本文总结了该期花岗岩的时空分布特征。北疆及邻区不同构造单元石炭-二叠纪花岗岩特征不同,形成时代峰期也不一致。在阿尔泰,该期花岗岩主要集中在早二叠世(289～266Ma),晚石炭世出现一个明显的岩浆宁静期;西准噶尔可以分为早石炭世(340～320Ma)和晚石炭世—早二叠世(310～290Ma)两期,后一期较强,铝质A型花岗岩分布广泛是该地区的一个重要特征,形成时代集中在300Ma左右;东准噶尔地区石炭-二叠纪花岗岩多沿断裂带展布,岩浆活动从晚石炭世一直延续到早二叠世(320～270Ma),该地区最大的特点是发育多条碱性(A型)花岗岩带,在晚石炭世—早二叠世连续产出。西天山大致可以分为3期:早石炭世(355～345Ma)、早石炭世晚期—晚石炭世(335～305Ma)和二叠纪(300～255Ma)。早石炭世花岗岩主要集中在北天山,早二叠世花岗岩浆活动最为强烈,其中的碱性(A型)花岗岩不仅在南天山呈带状大面积分布,在北天山也有发育;东天山—北山是区内石炭-二叠纪花岗岩最为发育的地区,岩体数量多,分布面积广,锆石年龄主要集中在335～310Ma和300～270Ma,相对来说来东天山石炭纪花岗岩较多,北山二叠纪花岗岩较多。总体而言,北疆及邻区石炭-二叠纪花岗岩时代主要集中在晚石炭世—早二叠世,特别是早二叠世,整体展现出同步性,这个时期碱性岩最发育,可能揭示了不同构造背景下的伸展特点。这是整个中亚造山带及邻区大量的酸性和基性-超基性岩浆活动及暗示的伸展环境的一个缩影。  相似文献