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41.
Haijia Wen 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2015,9(1):25-36
The main purpose of this paper is to develop a susceptibility mapping model of earthquake-trigged slope geohazards based on geo-spatial data in mountainous region. A rapid-response mapping model of slope geohazards triggered by earthquakes that can be widely applied in practice can be constructed by a simple method of weighted superposition of related accessible factors. Based on site investigations into geological disasters in Wenchuan County caused by the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008, the main influencing factors of the earthquake triggering slope geohazards were studied, including peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 6 geo-spatial data factors: distance from streams, distance from highway, slope gradient, slope position, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and micro-landforms. The order of the relative importance of each factor was determined by regression analysis, then the weight of each factor contributing to slope geohazards was calculated by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The susceptibility mapping model of slope geohazards was derived from the map overlaying principle in ArcGIS platform, and finally, the results were re-classified to obtain the map concerning susceptibility areas of slope geohazards. The results, by comparing the geohazards points with the field survey, proved that over 63% geohazards points were located in high and very high susceptibility areas, while only about 14% geohazards points were located in very low and low susceptibility areas. The model showed a relative agreement between the points on the susceptibility mapping and onsite points of slope geohazards. Above all, predictions about the slope geohazards at meizoseismal areas of earthquakes occurring in mountainous regions can be based on geo-spatial data; so the model could be applied to study other areas which may be prone to the slope geohazards during the earthquakes. 相似文献
42.
利用worldview-1遥感数据对康定县城周边地质灾害进行了解译调查、分析新旧县城周边地质灾害的分布,应用成果为地质灾害的防治提供了基础资料。 相似文献
43.
汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究 总被引：32，自引：1，他引：31
2008年9月24日汶川震区的北川县暴雨导致区域性泥石流发生,这次9.24暴雨泥石流灾害导致了42人死亡,对公路和其他基础设施造成严重损毁。本研究采用地面调查和遥感解译方法分析地震与暴雨共同作用下的泥石流特征,获取的气象数据用于分析泥石流起动的临界雨量条件。本文探讨了研究区泥石流起动和输移过程,并根据野外调查,分析了泥石流形成的降雨、岩石和断层作用,特别是强降雨过程与物源区对泥石流发生的作用。根据应急调查发现北川县境内暴雨诱发的泥石流72处,其分布受岩石类型、发震断层和河流等因素控制。根据对研究区震前和震后泥石流发生的临界雨量和雨强的初步分析,汶川地震后,该区域泥石流起动的前期累积雨量降低了14.8%～22.1%,小时雨强降低25.4 %～31.6%。震区泥石流起动方式主要有二种,一是由于暴雨过程形成的斜坡表层径流导致悬挂于斜坡上的滑坡体表面和前缘松散物质向下输移,进入沟道后转为泥石流过程;二是消防水管效应使沟道水流快速集中,并强烈冲刷沟床中松散固体物质,导致沟床物质起动并形成泥石流过程。调查和分析发现沟内堆积的滑坡坝对泥石流的阻塞明显,溃决后可导致瞬时洪峰流量特别大。研究结果表明了汶川震区已进入一个新的活跃期。因此,应该开展对汶川地震区的泥石流风险评估和监测、早期预警,采取有效的工程措施控制泥石流的发生和危害。 相似文献
44.
Marine Geohazards: Review and Future Perspective 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
45.
南海北部陆坡区存在着有利天然气水合物的成藏条件,综合调查及钻探结果揭示南海北部陆坡区蕴藏着丰富的天然气水合物资源,天然气水合物多发育在构造活动复杂地区,同时也是灾害地质因素高发区,潜在的灾害地质因素对水合物的赋存及商业开发是极大的威胁。本文基于广州海洋地质调查局多年来在南海北部天然气水合物发育区采集的大量2D、3D、浅地层剖面及多波束测深资料对南海北部水合物发育区进行海底灾害地质研究,对研究区地形地貌特征、灾害地质因素类型、特征、成因及分布特征进行了综合分析,同时阐述了灾害地质因素与水合物的形成与分解之间的关系,研究结果对南海北部陆坡区天然气水合物区成矿预测、试采井布置及未来灾害风险评价提供了基础数据和决策依据。 相似文献
46.
Daniel L. Orange Ana García-García Dan McConnell Tom Lorenson Gary Fortier Fabio Trincardi Emrah Can 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2005,26(2-4):247-266
The need for quantifying and understanding the distribution of shallow gas is both of academic interest and of relevance to
offshore facilities. The combination of seafloor mapping, subbottom profiling, and multi-channel seismic data can provide
information on regions of possible shallow gas, where the gas impacts the acoustic properties of the host material and the
seafloor. In this paper, we present two case studies – one academic and one industry – that evaluate the distribution of shallow
gas in two field areas in the Mediterranean. In the first case study, geophysical data from Iskenderun Bay, southeastern Turkey,
indicate the presence and distribution of shallow gas. Pockmarks on the seafloor are associated with acoustic wipeout in the
shallow subbottom data. Although deeper seismic data do not show bright spots or other indicators of possible gas, instantaneous
frequency analysis clearly shows laterally restricted anomalies indicating gas-rich zones. The interpretation of possible
shallow gas resulted in moving a proposed drilling location to a nearby area characterized by fewer (but still present) shallow
gas signatures. In the second case study, cores acquired in the Po Delta, Adriatic Sea, provide quantitative ground-truthing
of shallow gas – as suggested by geophysical data – and provide minimum estimates of the percentage of gas in the subsurface.
Cores targeted on anomalous subbottom data yielded up to 41,000 ppm methane; cores with anomalous gas content are associated
with thick recent flood deposits which may effectively isolate reactive terrigenous organic matter from biologic and physical
re-working. 相似文献
47.
The quantification of geohazards and water resources in intraplate areas requires an integrated approach connecting monitoring, reconstruction and prediction of underlying processes. Intraplate rifts such as the Northwestern European rift system and coastal areas such as the Rhine–Meuse delta system are characterized by an interplay of climatic variations and neotectonics. The Netherlands Environmental Earth System Dynamics Initiative (NEESDI) addresses the interplay of lithosphere and surface processes through an integration of upper mantle and crustal scale studies with high-resolution analyses of the sedimentary record, geomorphology and hydrodynamic regime. Recent faulting imaged by seismic reflection data and trenching appears to exert a major control on uplift and subsidence patterns in the area, effecting coastal evolution and river dynamics in the Rhine–Meuse system. 相似文献
48.
地质灾害风险评价与风险管理 总被引：44，自引：2，他引：42
在总结和回顾风险评价和风险管理基本概念、方法步骤和应用于地质灾害评价预测现状的基础上 ,阐述在地质环境评价和地质灾害预测的 GIS系统的基础上进行地质灾害风险评价、管理的总体思路和具体步骤 ,认为这种思路有效 ,具有较好的发展前景。 相似文献
49.
50.
河北南堡-曹妃甸海域潜在的浅表灾害地质类型及特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用2~7kHz浅地层剖面探测、多波束、单波束水深数据以及侧扫声纳勘测影像等地质地球物理实测数据,分析研究了河北南堡-曹妃甸海域各种潜在的地质灾害类型,编制了该海域的灾害地质图与海底地貌图。并在前人对海岸带灾害地质类型分类的基础上,对该海域的潜在的灾害地质类型进行了分类。对海底浅层气、活动沙波、海底侵蚀、活动断裂、埋藏斜层、陡坡、陡坎以及沟槽等与近海海洋工程密切相关的灾害类型的空间分布特征深入研究。研究结果显示:调查区海域的潜在地质灾害因素分布较为集中,多发育在缓斜的水下侵蚀堆积岸坡与陡斜的水下侵蚀岸坡分界线附近,浅层气,陡坡陡坎以及沟槽都有发育;在陆架侵蚀洼地区,发育有较大规模的沟槽,海底侵蚀现象也是较为普遍;调查区其他海域,灾害类型较少,局部发育有活动沙波和埋藏斜层等。 相似文献