Industrialization and Economic Development in Advanced Placement Human Geography     

《The Journal of geography》2012,111(3-4):142-152

Abstract

This article discusses the contents and significance of the industrialization and economic development section of the Advanced Placement human geography course. It also describes how the course outline breaks into four sections the concern of economic geographers with the analysis of the spatial character of economic activity. In summarizing the content of these sections attention is given to links with other course modules and to the use of effective pedagogies for articulating key concepts.  相似文献   

NATIONALISM,COSMOPOLITANISM, AND GEOGRAPHICAL IMAGINATIONS     

BARNEY WARF 《Geographical review》2012,102(3):271-292

In this article I set nationalism and cosmopolitanism into sharp contrast with one another as inherently incompatible geographical imaginations. I begin by briefly denaturalizing nationalism and the nation‐state. I then turn to the philosophy and political agenda of cosmopolitanism, an ideology simultaneously very old and new, which offers a more inclusive and empathetic alternative to nationalist xenophobia. In the third section I argue that contemporary globalization has laid the ontological foundations of a cosmopolitan world order. Next, I explicate nationalism's and cosmopolitanism's competing visions of the definition and meaning of “community.” I summarize major objections to cosmopolitanism and offer a defense of it. In the following section I focus on the implications of cosmopolitanism for contemporary geography, including relational spatialities of empathy and caring. Finally, I suggest that contemporary globalization is gradually putting into place the legal and institutional apparatus for cosmopolitan global governance and democracy.  相似文献   

Globalization,economic crisis and Africa's informal economy women workers     

Ibipo Johnston‐Anumonwo  Donna L. Doane 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2011,32(1):8-21

The processes of globalization and debt crisis led to dramatic changes in African countries. In the context of a new economic crisis – now on a global scale – it is useful to revisit debates regarding the impact of earlier policies in response to economic crisis on the poor, with a focus on very low‐income informal women workers. In this paper, we adopt a gender analysis framework to examine contending perspectives about the differential impacts of globalization, liberalization and structural adjustment programs on African women and men. We comment on two predominant schools of thought that appear to underlie and define the majority of case studies situated in African countries. While one asserts that globalization and liberalization offer entrepreneurial opportunities for women, an opposing view contends that the neoliberal political and economic reforms connected with structural adjustment policies have been devastating for poor women workers. A review of available empirical research on the responses of informal economy women workers to challenges of increased workload, reduced income and curtailed access to social services, cautions against dogmatic adherence to conceptual perspectives that either assume workers in the informal economy to be dynamic entrepreneurs when they cannot be, or condemn only contemporary policies for conditions that are the product of complex historical processes.  相似文献   

中国与全球能源网络的互动逻辑与格局转变   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨宇 《地理学报》2022,77(2):295-314

当前中国正处于从油气时代向可再生能源时代转变的关键时期,中国能源需求结构和能源利用形式的变化决定了中国与全球能源的互动逻辑发生了深刻转变。为更好理解中国与全球的能源互动过程,本文探讨了全球能源互动的基本理论认知,并借助复杂网络、投入产出分析等技术方法分析了中国与全球能源互动格局及其变化。研究发现中国与全球能源互动的范围不断扩大,程度不断加深,从油气贸易到可再生能源贸易,从油气为主的投资到多元化能源品种的投资,从传统能源贸易到隐含能源贸易等方面,中国逐渐塑造了多元化的全球能源格局。主要结论为：① “多煤少油缺气”的能源生产结构和巨大的油气需求,决定了保障海外油气供应是中国与全球能源互动最直接的逻辑,互动区域主要集中在油气富集的国家和地区。② 随着可再生能源的发展,中国与全球能源互动逻辑从单纯的油气贸易转变为涉及可再生能源相关产品的贸易,凭借制造业优势,互动范围从油气富集的国家和地区拓展到全球拥有可再生能源发展和装机需求的国家,形成了覆盖全球主要国家和地区的可再生能源贸易新格局。③ 中国的海外能源投资目标从有限数量的东道国扩展到欧洲、东南亚等国家和地区,投资业务不仅局限在油气领域,也扩大到太阳能、风能和水能等可再生能源发电项目及电网等基础设施建设投资。④ 中国作为全球制造业大国和贸易大国,在全球化程度加深的背景下,部分能源隐含于全球生产网络和贸易网络中进行二次分配,中国与全球能源互动范围进一步拓展到与中国具有一般商品贸易关系的国家和地区,形成了全球“能源中枢”的功能。本文可为深刻认识中国与全球的能源互动关系,维护国家能源安全和参与全球能源经济治理提供理论视角与决策依据。  相似文献   

全球化进程中的资本主义和社会主义     

王涛 《广东海洋大学学报》2003,23(5):83-87

全球化是一个自然的历史的进程 ,经济全球化给当前世界经济政治和国际关系带来了全面而深刻的积极影响 ;经济全球化对资本主义和社会主义的影响重大 ,在全球化进程中 ,发达国家利用全球化获得了更多的利益 ,但从长远来看资本主义在全球化进程中必然走到尽头 ,而社会主义将获得新的发展机遇 ,在共存竞争中获得比较优势。  相似文献   

新时期产业区理论视角重构及相关实证研究进展   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

吴加伟  陈雯  袁丰 《地理研究》2015,34(3)

产业区作为全球区域发展最具活力的"经济—社会"空间,具有带动发展和就业、提升竞争力的作用,备受经济地理学、社会学、管理学等关注。经典产业区理论强调集聚经济、专业化分工、本地制度等内生因素对其成长演化作用,但在经济全球化、区域一体化与技术变革等现实背景以及制度文化、关系、尺度、演化转向等理论背景下,经典产业区理论对产业区外部化、"锁定"效应、空间功能转变等解释的局限性日益凸显。首先,通过国外产业区研究进展综述,发现新时期研究呈现由产业区系统向企业战略、本地根植向全球网络、自发增长向多元化管治、生命周期理论向多重路径依赖等视角转变;其次,对新时期产业区成长演化路径、影响因素及效应的实证研究进行梳理;最后,在总结国内相关研究进展的基础上指出中国未来产业区研究的不足和方向。  相似文献   

Regional inequality and polarization in the context of concurrent extreme weather and economic shocks     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

This study examines how extreme weather influences regional inequality and polarization within Mozambique in the context of on-going economic shocks. Utilizing satellite-based estimates of rainfall spatially analyzed within a GIS, we establish a 16-year rainfall climatology and calculate monthly rainfall anomalies for 665 villages. We approximate storm-total rainfall from all tropical cyclones entering the Mozambique Channel, as well as the extent of damaging winds for those making landfall, between 2005 and 2008. We group villages according to tropical cyclone impacts and use hierarchical cluster analysis to group the remaining villages according to shared patterns of monthly rainfall anomalies. Using economic data from the 2005 and 2008 National Agricultural Surveys of Mozambique, we relate weather patterns associated with near normal rainfall, tropical cyclones, flooding, and drought to changes in inequality and polarization by conducting decomposition analyses of the Gini index and Duclos-Esteban-Ray (DER) polarization index. Our findings mainly correspond to the generally accepted view that weather shocks exacerbate existing income and power disparities within societies. However, in some cases we find evidence that inequality and polarization can decline in the aftermath of an extreme event, and increase even where the weather is relatively good. By identifying varying effects of extreme events on inequality and polarization at subnational level, our study enables a more detailed understanding of weather-related effects on socio-economic outcomes in rural societies rapidly integrating into the global economy.  相似文献   

“一带一路”战略的科学内涵与科学问题   总被引：51，自引：12，他引：39  

刘卫东 《地理科学进展》2015,34(5)

"一带一路"指"丝绸之路经济带"和"21世纪海上丝绸之路",是中国为推动经济全球化深入发展而提出的国际区域经济合作新模式。其核心目标是促进经济要素有序自由流动、资源高效配置和市场深度融合,推动开展更大范围、更高水平、更深层次的区域合作,共同打造开放、包容、均衡、普惠的区域经济合作架构。"一带一路"框架包含了与以往经济全球化完全不同的理念,即"和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢",这正是丝绸之路文化内涵的体现。本文分析了"一带一路"战略与经济全球化及世界格局变化的关系;剖析了其空间内涵,认为"一带一路"具有多重空间内涵和跨尺度特征,是统筹中国全面对外开放的国家战略。最后,提出了推进"一带一路"建设为地理学提出的几个重要议题,包括地缘政治、国别地理、对外直接外资理论、交通运输优化组织等。  相似文献   

Return to the Center: Culture,Public Space,and City Building in a Global Era by Lawrence A. Herzog     

Dean R. Beck 《The Professional geographer》2007,59(2):278-279

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Globalization and transformation in Poland     

Zbigniew Rykiel 《GeoJournal》1998,45(1-2):141-141

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