贵州省德江县香树坪滑坡特征及形成机制研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林锋  赵锐  吉世祖  曾辉 《工程地质学报》2015,23(2):194-202

香树坪滑坡位于贵州省铜仁地区德江县大坪村齐心组,为大型古滑坡。滑坡边界及前缘坡下发育多条拉陷槽,滑动方向为310～335。基于滑坡区工程地质条件和滑坡变形破坏特征,建立了滑坡形成机制概念模型:在河谷形成及演化过程中,香树坪斜坡以滑移-弯曲演化。滑坡前缘拉槽LC6#和LC3#依次形成,其卸荷和临空效应导致上部坡体进一步变形。滑坡坡脚区因上部坡体进一步滑移变形而应力集中,坡体稳定性整体降低。当坡脚区失稳时滑坡发生。数值分析很好地再现了滑坡演化过程及机理。研究成果可对西部山区类似类滑坡发育条件及识别研究提供参考。  相似文献   

强烈岩溶控制型崩塌形成机理研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林锋  冯亮  孙赤  张维顺  曾辉 《工程地质学报》2015,23(3):408-414

2006年1月27日,贵州省威宁县猴场镇腰岩脚发生崩塌。腰岩脚高陡坡为软弱基座型,上覆硬岩为碳酸盐岩,下伏软岩中有近水平可采煤层。基于灾害特征及过程分析,建立了崩塌发生机制概念模型,即高陡斜坡中因强烈岩溶作用发育有深切溶蚀裂缝和水平溶洞,形成高陡岩墙,坡体深部煤层向坡面过度回采,导致岩墙下部应力集中过大而发展为破坏。基于MIDAS/GTS分析软件量化分析了崩塌发生机理及过程,并进一步分析了不同采空率下回采工作面距离陡崖面的临界安全距离,可为类似条件下煤矿开采提供参考依据。  相似文献   

全站仪在森林生态系统大样地定位中的应用     

林观土  王长委  韩锡君  徐庆华  陈军 《测绘科学》2011,36(4):242-243,207

本文介绍全站仪在森林大样地内进行放样测量、树高测量及胸径测量的原理与方法,通过误差传播定律分析其测量的精度,结果表明:全站仪在森林生态调查定位中是可行的.放样距控制点300m的方格顶点的精度可达到1/100,树高测量的精度可达到1/250,胸径测量的精度可达到1/50,可满足林业调查规范的要求.对于日后森林生态系统大样...  相似文献   

Applying the box plot to the recognition of footwall alteration zones related to VMS deposits in a high-grade metamorphic terrain, South Africa, a lithogeochemical exploration application     

H.F.J. Theart  R. Ghavami-Riabi  H. Mouri  P. Gräser 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,(2):143-154

Alteration zones (more commonly foot wall alteration zones) are related to volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VMS) deposits and represent unique features that may be targeted during exploration. Of these, the chloritic foot wall alteration pipe is the most extensive and characteristic of VMS deposits. This feature is geochemically identified by a strong relative enrichment in aluminium and magnesium and a coupled depletion in calcium and sodium, giving rise to chloritic rocks in the primary environment of formation. During high grade regional metamorphism such chloritic precursor rock types are replaced by an unusual mineral paragenesis, typically containing magnesium rich cordierite, phlogopite, orthoamphiboles or orthopyroxenes and aluminium rich minerals such as sillimanite and corundum. This suggests that the unusual geochemical features of the alteration zone, retained during the deformation and metamorphism, should be recognisable in lithogeochemical exploration.The massive sulfide deposit in the eastern part of the metamorphic Namaqua Province, South Africa, at Areachap, Kantienpan and the defunct Prieska Cu–Zn Mine are hosted by a Mid-Proterozoic volcano sedimentary succession known as the Areachap Group. These deposits were affected by a complex deformation and metamorphic history and represent examples of upper amphibolite to granulite grade metamorphosed VMS deposits.The application of the known lithogeochemical methods is especially complicated where the geology is not well understood, due to the poor rock exposure of complexly deformed and metamorphosed areas, such as in the eastern part of the Namaqua Province.The box plot presents a more readily applicable lithogeochemical method to characterize and identify the alteration process, but it was designed for relatively un-metamorphosed environments. It is demonstrated here that the box plot may also be applied to high-grade metamorphic terrains and that the mineral phases used in defining the boxplot in low grade metamorphic environments may be replaced by their equivalents in high grade metamorphic terrains. The compositional trends of the metamorphic minerals themselves may be used in defining the boxplot for high grade metamorphic terrains. These include the transition of: annite to phlogopite; grossular to almandine or pyrope, augite to enstatite or clinoenstatite, and hornblende to gedrite or cummingtonite. Close to the ore zone, the relative Mg content of pyroxene, cordierite and biotite are higher than further away from this zone. It could be demonstrated that the changes in the mineral compositions are gradational when comparing unaffected rocks with progressively more altered wall rocks.Conclusions based on an application of the isocon method demonstrate that primary footwall alteration zones in the Areachap Group's VMS deposits are characterized by elemental depletion of Na₂O, CaO, Sr, Ni, V and La and enrichment of MgO, Fe₂O_3(total), S, Zn, SiO₂, Co and F. It is shown that the whole rock compositions of rocks that were independently identified as the metamorphic equivalents of altered rocks, using the isocon method, plot in the correct place in the box plot for high grade regionally metamorphosed terrains. This establishes the box plot as an effective and practical tool for lithogeochemical exploration for VMS deposits in complexly deformed high grade metamorphosed terrains.  相似文献   

电、磁综合方法在南方硬岩型铀矿勘查中的应用     

刘祜  程纪星  腰善丛  徐贵来  张濡亮  赵丹 《物探与化探》2011,35(6):739-742,746

介绍了几个音频大地电磁法和高精度磁测方法在华南白面石地区硬岩型铀矿上的勘查实例。应用结果表明,这两种方法优势互补,综合使用可较好地探测深部地质构造(如火山盆地基底埋深、断裂构造、火山机构等),为南方硬岩型铀矿供深找盲、外围扩大提供有效技术手段。  相似文献   

构建地块二维表征及CNN模型的作物遥感分类     

张乾坤  蒙继华  任超 《遥感学报》2022,26(7):1437-1449

本文旨在研究基于地块数据约束的深度学习模型的分类特征表示方法,以识别不同作物在不同时相上光谱差异从而对作物类型进行分类。通过Google Earth Engine平台获取作物生育期内全部Landsat 8影像,利用其质量评定波段完成研究区无云时相及区域上的地块统计,提取地块级别的各波段反射率均值按照时相顺序及波长进行排列,构建波谱、时相二维特征图作为该地块的抽象表示。通过构建相对最优的卷积神经网络CNN（Convolutional Neural Network）结构完成对特征图的分类,从而完成对地块的分类。构建CNN模型并不需要手工特征和预定义功能的需求,可完成提取特征并遵循端到端原则进行分类。将该模型的分类结果与其他最为常用机器学习分类器进行了比较,获得了优于常用遥感分类算法的分类精度。结果表明地块数据的加入可以有效的缩减计算规模并提供了准确的分类边界。所提出得方法在地块特征表示及作物分类中具有突出的应用潜力,应视为基于地块的多时相影像分类任务的优选方法。  相似文献   

Understanding hydrological processes in a highly stressed granitic aquifer in southern India     

D. V. Reddy  P. Nagabhushanam  B. S. Sukhija  A. G. S. Reddy 《水文研究》2009,23(9):1282-1294

The results of a study evaluating the recharge/discharge conditions of an unconfined stressed granitic aquifer situated in a semi‐arid region of Andhra Pradesh, Southern India are presented. Over the last three decades, excessive withdrawal of groundwater has drastically lowered the water table to the bedrock. The watershed studied was divided into four zones based on geomorphology and hydrogeological conditions. Using environmental chloride data pertaining to groundwater, soil depth profiles, and some hydrogeologic and hydrochemical observations, a recharge model for the watershed was developed. The model revealed that the bulk of the vertical recharge in the western elevated land occurs through preferred pathways and that a small fraction occurs through the soil matrix. In addition, the watershed has a poor hydrogeologic fabric, as indicated by the small range of matrix flow recharge (1 to 1·5% of rainfall) among the four zones. The dominating preferential flow was high (～16% of the annual average rainfall) in the valley fills, but decreased to 5–5·5% in the plains. Furthermore, although the bulk of the recharge occurs vertically, considerable lateral movement of groundwater down the slope indicates that sequential hydrochemical changes occur. Distinct geomorphological features that exist in the watershed support the proposed model. Situations similar to those described above may exist in numerous watersheds in the granitic hard rock region; therefore, information obtained from investigations conducted in this watershed can aid in the development of plans enabling the sustainable exploitation of watersheds that have not yet been developed, as well as implementation of appropriate rainwater conservation measures in over‐exploited watersheds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

广州市“龙舟水”的时空分布特征分析     

梁晓媛  翁佳烽  肖伟军  陈健铭 《广东气象》2021,(2):25-28

利用广州市5个国家气象观测站和122个区域自动气象站的逐日降水量监测数据,通过线性趋势分析、M-K检验、小波分析和主成分分析等统计办法,研究广州市“龙舟水”的时空分布特征,结果表明:(1)广州全市和花都近30年“龙舟水”雨量整体呈上升趋势,且花都上升趋势略高于广州平均,花都区“龙舟水”异常年与广州其它地区并不一定同步。(2)广州全市逐年“龙舟水”以7~9年周期为主,2007年以前有4年左右的小周期,之后存在2~3年周期,且特征趋于不明显,花都“龙舟水”雨量变化存在8~10年周期,2007年以前存在4~6年小周期,之后转变为3~4年小周期。(3)广州全市2005和2014年“龙舟水”雨量出现增多突变,2008年又出现了雨量减少的突变;花都“龙舟水”雨量在2014年出现雨量增加的突变,2017年“龙舟水”显著增加。(4)广州“龙舟水”雨量大值区主要位于北部偏东一带,从化和花都北部、白云南部、天河、番禺东部和南部、南沙北部降水年变化相对较为稳定,其余地区逐年变化幅度相对较大。(5)对广州逐年“龙舟水”标准化距平场作EOF分析结果表明,前4个模态解释方差共占91.2%,分别为全市一致偏多或偏少型、南北偶极型、南北向四极型、东西向三极型。  相似文献   

Assessment of groundwater potential zones in coal mining impacted hard-rock terrain of India by integrating geospatial and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Akshay Kumar  Akhouri Pramod Krishna 《国际地球制图》2018,33(2):105-129

The study aims at delineating groundwater potential zones using geospatial technology and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) techniques in mining impacted hard rock terrain of Ramgarh and part of Hazaribagh districts, Jharkhand, India. Relevant thematic layers were prepared and assigned weight based on Saaty’s 9-point scale and normalized by eigenvector technique of AHP to identify groundwater prospect in the study area. The weighted linear combination method was applied to prepare the groundwater potential index in geographic information system. Final groundwater prospects were classified as excellent, very good, good, moderate, poor and very poor groundwater potential zones. Study thus revealed that the excellent, very good and good groundwater potential zones, respectively, cover 148.3, 373.66 and 438.86 km² of the study area, whereas the poor groundwater potential zone covers 180.05 km². Validation was done through a receiver operating characteristic curve, which indicated that AHP had good prediction accuracy (AUC = 75.45%).  相似文献   

Identifying the characteristic signatures of fold-accommodation faults     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2013

Hand-specimen and outcrop scale examples of folds are analyzed here to identify the characteristic signatures of fold-accommodation faults. We describe and analyze the geometric and kinematic relationships between folds and their associated faults in detail including the structural position and spatial distribution of faults within a fold, the displacement distribution along the faults by applying separation–distance plots for the outcrop scale examples, and the change of cut-off angle when the fault cut across folded layers. A comparison between fold-accommodation faults and fault related folds based on their separation–distribution plots and the problem of time sequence between faulting and folding are discussed in order to distinguish fold-accommodation faults from the reverse faults geometrically and kinematically similar to them. The analysis results show that fold-accommodation faults originate and terminate within a fold and usually do not modify the geometry of the fold because of their limited displacement. The out-of-syncline thrust has a diagnostically negative slope (separation value decreasing away from the upper fault tip) in the separation–distance graph. The change of cut-off angle and the spatial distribution of faults display a close relationship with the axial surface of the fold. Our analyses show that fold-accommodation faults are kinematically consistent with the flexural slip of the fold. The interbedded strata with competence contrast facilitate formation of fold-accommodation faults. These characteristic signatures are concluded as a set of primary identification criteria for fold-accommodation faults.  相似文献