深圳市霾日分布特征与城市经济指标关系     

王博  辜智慧 《气象研究与应用》2011,32(1):40-44

利用深圳市近30a来霾日UV法统计数据进行霾日分布特征分析,并结合1980～2007年深圳逐年国民经济指标统计数据,着重讨论了深圳市霾日与城市经济指标的相关性.研究表明,90、00年代的初期至中期,是深圳霾日增长趋势最明显的两个阶段,月均霾日高值在12月至次年1月,达8d/月以上;低值在6～7月,达2d/月以下,随年代...  相似文献   

2013年12月大气环流和天气分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吕梦瑶  何立富 《气象》2014,40(3):381-388

2013年12月大气环流主要特征是：极涡呈偶极性分布,中心气压均较常年平均偏低,欧亚中高纬环流呈两槽一脊型;南支槽较活跃,平均位置大致位于90°E附近,副热带高压较常年同期偏强,位置偏西、偏北。12月,全国平均降水量为15.4 mm,较常年同期（10.5 mm）偏多46.7%;但地区差异较大,南方较常年同期偏多2~4成,淮河以北偏少,其中华北、黄淮等地几乎无降水。全国平均气温为-2.8℃,较常年同期（-3.2℃）偏高0.4℃;就区域来看,呈现“北暖南冷”的特征。月内,我国出现3次主要的冷空气过程和1次主要的降水过程。南方地区中旬出现一次大范围强降水和持续低温天气;中东部地区分别于上旬和下旬各出现一次雾霾天气。  相似文献   

一次持续性雾霾天气过程的阶段性特征及影响因子分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

苗爱梅  李苗  王洪霞 《干旱气象》2014,32(6):947-953

应用常规与非常规气象观测资料及PM2.5浓度监测资料,对2013年1月20~24日山西区域一次持续性雾霾天气过程进行分析。研究发现：（1）本次雾霾天气过程具有明显的阶段性特征。2013年1月20日14时至23日11时,由于相对湿度的变化导致了3次轻雾转大雾过程;23日14~20时,由于PM2.5浓度的增大经历了1次轻雾转霾的天气过程。（2）地面弱的气压场和较小的风速以及PM2.5浓度的上升和相对湿度的增大为本次持续性雾霾天气过程的形成和发展提供了有利条件。（3）边界层逆温的存在是雾霾低能见度过程形成的必要条件,边界层有逆温层而不出现雾霾天气的条件是：相对湿度〈50%,PM2.5日均值浓度〈75μg·m-3;逆温层下相对湿度的大小是区别雾和霾天气的指标。（4）相对湿度和PM2.5是决定能见度大小的关键因子,其对能见度的影响体现出明显的阶段性特征,当相对湿度〈90%时,PM2.5浓度对能见度的作用强于相对湿度,是影响能见度变化的主要因子,但随着相对湿度的增大,其对能见度的影响相对增强,当能见度降至1 km以下时,相对湿度成为影响能见度变化的主要因子。  相似文献   

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王勇  闻德保  刘严萍  胡乐银 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(2):120-123

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我国环境空气质量时空分布特征分析     

包振虎  刘涛  骆继花  孙建国 《地理信息世界》2014,(6)

根据国家环保部PM2.5 IN网站公布的环境空气质量指数,和国家气象局提供的气象数据,利用GIS强大的数据处理功能、空间分析功能和可视化功能,对2013年全国各个城市的环境空气质量指数数据进行处理与分析。初步揭示了环境空气质量在季节上的周期性,与降水、气压、温度的相关性,以及AQI在地域上南低北高、在垂直方向上呈递减趋势,且随高度的增加,变化趋势逐渐减慢的空间格局。  相似文献   

利用激光雷达探测灰霾天气大气边界层高度   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

张婉春  张莹  吕阳  李凯涛  李正强 《遥感学报》2013,17(4):981-992

为了探测灰霾天气大气边界层高度变化的特征,利用CE370-C型微脉冲激光雷达观测了北京2013年1月严重灰霾期间的大气边界层高度。基于激光雷达距离校正回波信号,使用梯度法处理了严重灰霾天和轻度灰霾天的大气边界层观测数据,发现在灰霾天气时大气边界层高度显著降低,严重污染时的大气边界层高度低于500米,日平均高度约424米,且与PM2.5浓度呈现明显的负相关性。将激光雷达探测结果与探空数据进行了对比分析,结果显示激光雷达与探空数据观测结果有较好的一致性,两者在本次灰霾期间的平均差异约为86米。  相似文献   

结合地基激光雷达和太阳辐射计的气溶胶垂直分布观测   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

吕阳  李正强  尹鹏飞  许华  李凯涛  张婉春  侯伟真 《遥感学报》2013,17(4):1008-1020

选取2013年1月灰霾和2月晴好天进行气溶胶垂直分布的雷达观测研究,并对不同高度气溶胶消光系数进行对比分析。结果显示在研究时间段内,晴好天时气溶胶的垂直分布不均匀,易出现垂直分层现象,而灰霾天时气溶胶主要集中在垂直高度1km以下,基本无分层现象。对比分析显示,严重灰霾天时气溶胶消光系数较大,在400米高度可达到中度污染天的5倍,以及晴好天的50倍。此外,整层大气的气溶胶光学厚度与400米处消光具有较好的相关性。  相似文献   

Meteorological conditions for the persistent severe fog and haze event over eastern China in January 2013   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

ZHANG RenHe  LI Qiang  ZHANG RuoNan 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(1):26-35

In January 2013,a severe fog and haze event(FHE)of strong intensity,long duration,and extensive coverage occurred in eastern China.The present study investigates meteorological conditions for this FHE by diagnosing both its atmospheric background fields and daily evolution in January 2013.The results show that a weak East Asian winter monsoon existed in January2013.Over eastern China,the anomalous southerly winds in the middle and lower troposphere are favorable for more water vapor transported to eastern China.An anomalous high at 500 hPa suppresses convection.The weakened surface winds are favorable for the fog and haze concentrating in eastern China.The reduction of the vertical shear of horizontal winds weakens the synoptic disturbances and vertical mixing of atmosphere.The anomalous inversion in near-surface increases the stability of surface air.All these meteorological background fields in January 2013 were conducive to the maintenance and development of fog and haze over eastern China.The diagnosis of the daily evolution of the FHE shows that the surface wind velocity and the vertical shear of horizontal winds in the middle and lower troposphere can exert dynamic effects on fog and haze.The larger(smaller)they are,the weaker(stronger)the fog and haze are.The thermodynamic effects include stratification instability in middle and lower troposphere and the inversion and dew-point deficit in near-surface.The larger(smaller)the stratification instability and the inversion are,the stronger(weaker)the fog and haze are.Meanwhile,the smaller(larger)the dewpoint deficit is,the stronger(weaker)the fog and haze are.Based on the meteorological factors,a multi-variate linear regression model is set up.The model results show that the dynamic and thermodynamic effects on the variance of the fog and haze evolution are almost the same.The contribution of the meteorological factors to the variance of the daily fog and haze evolution reaches 0.68,which explains more than 2/3 of the variance.  相似文献   

Mechanism for the formation of the January 2013 heavy haze pollution episode over central and eastern China   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

WANG YueSi  YAO Li  WANG LiLi  LIU ZiRui  JI DongSheng  TANG GuiQian  ZHANG JunKe  SUN Yang  HU Bo  XIN JinYuan 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(1):14-25

In January 2013,a long-lasting episode of severe haze occurred in central and eastern China,and it attracted attention from all sectors of society.The process and evolution of haze pollution episodes were observed by the"Forming Mechanism and Control Strategies of Haze in China"group using an intensive aerosol and trace gases campaign that simultaneously obtained data at 11 ground-based observing sites in the CARE-China network.The characteristics and formation mechanism of haze pollution episodes were discussed.Five haze pollution episodes were identified in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(Jing-Jin-Ji)area;the two most severe episodes occurred during 9–15 January and 25–31 January.During these two haze pollution episodes,the maximum hourly PM2.5mass concentrations in Beijing were 680 and 530μg m 3,respectively.The process and evolution of haze pollution episodes in other major cities in the Jing-Jin-Ji area,such as Shijiazhuang and Tianjin were almost the same as those observed in Beijing.The external cause of the severe haze episodes was the unusual atmospheric circulation,the depression of strong cold air activities and the very unfavorable dispersion due to geographical and meteorological conditions.However,the internal cause was the quick secondary transformation of primary gaseous pollutants to secondary aerosols,which contributed to the"explosive growth"and"sustained growth"of PM2.5.Particularly,the abnormally high amount of nitric oxide(NOx)in the haze episodes,produced by fossil fuel combustion and vehicle emissions,played a direct or indirect role in the quick secondary transformation of coal-burning sulphur dioxide(SO2)to sulphate aerosols.Furthermore,gaseous pollutants were transformed into secondary aerosols through heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles,which can change the particle’s size and chemical composition.Consequently,the proportion of secondary inorganic ions,such as sulphate and nitrate,gradually increased,which enhances particle hygroscopicity and thereby accelerating formation of the haze pollution.  相似文献   

A novel method for distinguishing fog and haze based on PM2.5, visibility,and relative humidity     

Nan Ma  ChunSheng Zhao  Jing Chen  WanYun Xu  Peng Yan  XiuJi Zhou 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(9):2156-2164

Haze and fog are both low visibility events, but with different physical properties. Haze is caused by the increase of aerosol loading or the hygroscopic growth of aerosol at high relative humidity, whereas visibility degradation in fog is due to the light scattering of fog droplets, which are transited from aerosols via activation. Based on the difference of physical properties between haze and fog, this study presents a novel method to distinguish haze and fog using real time measurements of PM2.5, visibility, and relative humidity. In this method, a criterion can be developed based on the local historical data of particle number size distributions and aerosol hygroscopicity. Low visibility events can be classified into haze and fog according to this criterion.  相似文献