高光谱遥感影像降维：进展、挑战与展望     

苏红军 《遥感学报》2022,26(8):1504-1529

高光谱遥感影像数据具有高维特征、信息冗余、不确定性显著、小样本、空谱合一等特征,对其进行数据处理面临巨大挑战,高光谱遥感影像降维是高光谱遥感的重要研究方向之一。本文对当前高光谱遥感影像降维的相关研究进展进行了综述,在介绍高光谱遥感数据特点的基础上,重点从特征提取和特征选择两方面对高光谱遥感影像降维的最新研究和前沿进展进行了系统性综述;并从特征可分性、特征质量评价、特征数目确定、多特征优化以及需求驱动的特征选择等方面分析了高光谱遥感影像降维面临的挑战。随着智能化高光谱遥感的发展,高光谱遥感影像智能降维成为未来的发展方向,同时其发展将兼顾多特征质量评估与优选、搜索策略优化、满足应用需求等多目标的需求。随着高光谱遥感数据获取能力的提升和深入应用,高光谱遥感影像降维将会发挥重要而不可替代的作用。  相似文献   

Fluvial architecture and diagenesis of the Mt Eclipse Sandstone,northern Ngalia Basin,Australia     

S. Schmid  M. A. Quigley 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):1081-1094

The Upper Devonian to Carboniferous Mt Eclipse Sandstone is a basin-wide host to uranium mineralisation in the Ngalia Basin, NT. The fluvial depositional architecture and diagenesis of the Mt Eclipse Sandstone at the Bigrlyi uranium deposit on the northern margin of the basin are deduced from hyperspectral mineral results captured from 200 drill holes, combined with core and outcrop observations across a ~10 km strike length. The succession hosting the uranium mineralisation is interpreted to be deposited in the lower parts of a mature alluvial fan system with low slope angle and dominated by immature, kaolinised, medium-grained subarkosic sandstones and patchy calcite cement. This study reveals the fluvial channel sequence is estimated to be 3 km wide, 100–200 m thick and sourced from the north. This multidisciplinary study also uncovers the complex interaction and codependencies between fluvial/groundwater activity, evaporation, oxidation, fluctuating pH and detrital mineralogy controlling early diagenetic processes in the alluvial fan sediments. Carbon isotope data identify calcite cements as groundwater calcrete, while strontium isotope data suggest limited prolonged water–rock interaction prior and during calcite cementation. The petrographic data reveal the importance of early calcite cement occluding all pore space and preserving detrital minerals from later diagenetic processes. The hyperspectral results highlight the intermittent distribution of the calcite cement and the commonly repetitive mineralogical zonation throughout the 200 drill holes, including the inverse spatial correlation between kaolinite ± goethite ± gypsum vs white mica ± hematite dominated zones. X-ray diffraction and the hyperspectral data reveal the scarcity of early diagenetic clay minerals such as montmorillonite. This paper is the first to report on a systematic mineralogical and sedimentological study for the Mt Eclipse Sandstone. By focusing on the diagenesis and fluvial architecture of this stratigraphic unit, a framework to support exploration for sediment-hosted uranium deposits is established.  相似文献   

铀矿勘查钻孔岩心高光谱编录及三维矿物填图技术研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张杰林  黄艳菊  王俊虎  周觅  武鼎  宣艳秀 《铀矿地质》2013,29(4)

综合阐述了钻孔岩心高光谱编录技术研究现状、系统构成及其矿化蚀变高光谱矿物识别与三维矿物填图等技术方法,重点分析了钻孔岩心高光谱编录技术实际应用效果与应用前景.  相似文献   

Plio‐Pleistocene tectonics and eustasy in the Gippsland Basin,southeast Australia: Evidence from magnetic imagery and marine geological data     

G. R. Holdgate  M. W. Wallace  S. J. Gallagher  A. J. Smith  J. B. Keene  D. Moore 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):403-426

The Pliocene and Pleistocene sediments of the Gippsland shelf are dominated by mixed carbonates and siliciclastics. From a detailed stratigraphic study that combines conventional marine geology techniques with magnetic imagery, the Late Neogene tectonic and eustatic history can be interpreted and correlated to the onshore section. Stratigraphic analyses of eight oil and gasfield foundation bores drilled to 150 m below the seabed revealed three principal facies types: (i) Facies A is fine‐grained limestone and limey marl deeper than 50 m below the seabed, of Late Pliocene age (nannofossil zones CN11–12); (ii) Facies B is a fine‐coarse pebble quartz‐carbonate sand that occurs 10–50 m below the seabed in the inner shelf, grading down into Facies A in wells in the outer shelf, and is of Early‐Middle Pleistocene age (nannofossil subzones CN13a-14b: ca 1.95–0.26 Ma); and (iii) discontinuous horizons of Facies C composed of carbonate‐poor carbonaceous and micaceous fine quartz sand occurring 10–50 m below the seabed. The sparse benthic foraminifers in Facies C are inner shelf or Gippsland (euryhaline) Lakes forms. Holocene sands dominate the upper 1.5–2.5 m of the Gippsland shelf and disconformably overlie cemented limestones with aragonite dissolution, indicating previous exposure to meteoric water. Nannofossil dating of the limestones indicates ages within subzone CN14b (dated between ca 0.26 and 0.47 Ma). Airborne magnetic imaging across the Gippsland shelf and onshore provides details of buried magnetic palaeoriver channels and barrier systems. The river systems trend south‐southeast from the Snowy, Tambo, Mitchell, Avon, Macalister and Latrobe Rivers across the shelf. Sparker seismic surveys show the magnetic palaeochannels as seismic ‘smudges’ 20–40 m below the seabed. They appear to correspond to Facies C lenses (i.e. are Early to Middle Pleistocene features). Magnetic palaeobarrier systems trending south‐southwest in the inner shelf and onshore beneath the Gippsland Lakes are orientated 15° different to the modern Ninety Mile Beach barrier trend. Offshore, they correlate stratigraphically to progradation packages of Facies B. Analysis of bore data in the adjacent onshore Gippsland Lakes suggests that a Pliocene barrier sequence 100–120 m below surface is overlain by fluvial sand‐gravel and lacustrine mud facies. The ferruginous sandstone beds resemble offshore Facies C, and are located where magnetic palaeoriver channel systems occur, implying Early to Middle Pleistocene ages. Presence of the estuarine bivalve Anadara trapezia in the upper lacustrine mud facies suggests that the Gippsland Lakes/Ninety Mile Beach‐type barriers developed over the past 0.2 million years. Further inland, magnetic river channels that cut across present‐day uplifted structures, such as the Baragwanath Anticline, suggest that onshore Gippsland uplift continued into the Middle Pleistocene.  相似文献   

East Canning Basin earthquake,March 1970     

D. Denham  I. B. Everingham  P. J. Gregson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):353-358

On 24 March 1970 an earthquake of magnitude ML 6.7 took place in the eastern Canning Basin. The earthquake was unusual because it occurred in a region where no previous earthquake had been reported and where there was no evidence of recent tectonic activity. First motion results indicate a thrusting type focal mechanism with the pressure axis approximately northeast‐southwest and dipping about 24° to the southwest. The main shock was followed, over the next two years, by many earthquakes in a zone covering 140 km by 20 km. The longitudinal axis of this zone is approximately parallel to the north‐northwest striking nodal plane determined from the first motion results, and to the trend of intrabasin faulting.

It is suggested that continental crust may be sensitive to small changes in stress pattern and consequently seismic activity may be interrelated over large distances.  相似文献   

高光谱遥感岩矿端元提取与分析方法研究     

刘汉湖  杨武年  杨容浩 《岩石矿物学杂志》2013,32(2):213-220

端元提取是高光谱遥感信息提取与分析的基础,也是解决高光谱图像混合像元分解的关键.本文针对研究区高光谱遥感数据特点,进行了辐射校正、最小噪声分离变换(MNF)及纯净像元指数(PPI)处理,在此基础上,应用二维散点图和三维散点图分别提取了端元波谱,并开展了端元属性的判别研究.岩矿端元的提取与分析为后续岩矿种类识别奠定了基础,直接影响最终成果的准确度.  相似文献   

Hyperion高光谱影像的经验模态分解及其几个问题的探讨     

周子勇 《物探化探计算技术》2013,35(5)

通过经验模态分解(EMD)方法,可以把高光谱曲线分解成一系列由高频到低频的本征模态函数(IMF),从而可以从不同层次分析高光谱数据特征,并进行特征提取.把EMD方法用于Hyperion高光谱数据处理,通过对每一个像元的高光谱曲线进行经验模态分解,构成IMF系列影像.通过分析IMF影像表明:对于不同的地物,其IMF也不同;不同波段,不但其噪声水平不同,而且噪声性质也不一样;原始影像的Smile效应在IMF中可以明显表现出来.由于IMF影像与原始影像的波段有一一对应的关系,因此与其它信号分析方法(如小波分析及FFT方法)相比,EMD方法得到的结果更直观,更易于数据分析.但是EMD结果受极值、插值方法、IMF判别准则以及端点效应的影响较大.  相似文献   

现代遥感技术在地质找矿中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

钱建平  伍贵华  陈宏毅 《地质找矿论丛》2012,27(3):355-360

文章论述了现代遥感技术在地质找矿中的应用,包括遥感岩性识别、矿化蚀变信息提取、地质构造信息提取和植被波谱特征的找矿应用等;总结了遥感地质找矿技术的若干新发展,即多光谱遥感蚀变信息提取技术、高光谱遥感技术、遥感生物地球化学技术,以及它们在地质找矿应用中的新发展;对遥感技术在地质找矿中的应用提出了几点认识及展望.  相似文献   

Hyperion高光谱遥感岩性识别填图   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毕晓佳  苗放  叶成名  李假广 《物探化探计算技术》2012,34(5):599-603

Hyperion高光谱数据在蚀变矿物填图方面已凸显其优越性,而在岩性识别方面大多仍在探讨中.通过应用Hyperion数据结合野外光谱采集,在研究区进行了岩性填图的试验研究.同时,叙述了野外采集光谱数据的过程,建立了野外实测光谱数据库,利用野外实测岩石光谱作为端元光谱进行SAM(Spectral Angle Match)光谱角岩性填图.这对于地质环境复杂地区的岩性填图工作具有一定的应用价值.  相似文献   

基于频域滤波的高分辨率遥感图像城市河道信息提取   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王珂  肖鹏峰  冯学智  吴桂平  李晖 《遥感学报》2013,17(2):269-285

提出一种基于频域滤波的城市河道信息提取方法。首先对高分辨率遥感图像进行傅里叶变换得到频谱图, 并利用径向和角向分布图分析城市河道的频谱特征。其次, 基于城市河道的双线型特点, 将其分为边缘特征和低频信息两个部分, 并根据周期性纹理的频谱模型和地物频谱能量分布规律确定两个部分的频域识别标志。然后设计相应的扇环形带通log Butterworth滤波器和低通Butterworth滤波器分别对城市河道的边缘特征和低频信息进行提取, 并根据该两部分信息实现城市河道信息提取。最后对城市河道信息提取结果进行定量评价, 结果表明, 本文方法可以有效地实现城市河道的信息提取。  相似文献