Echo mapping of active galactic nuclei     

B. M. Peterson  K. Horne 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2004,325(3):248-251

Echo mapping makes use of the intrinsic variaibility of the continuum source in active galactic nuclei to map out the distribution and kinematics of line‐emitting gas from its light travel time‐delayed response to continuum changes. Echo mapping experiments have yielded sizes for the broad line‐emitting region in about three dozen AGNs. The dynamics of the line‐emitting gas seem to be dominated by the gravity of the central black hole, enabling measurement of the black‐hole masses in AGNs. We discuss requirements for future echo‐mapping experiments that will yield the high‐quality velocity–delay maps of the broad‐line region that are needed to determine its physical nature. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

E3D,the Euro3D visualization tool I: Description of the program and its capabilities     

S.F. Snchez 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2004,325(2):167-170

We present the first version of E3D, the Euro3D visualization tool for data from integral field spectroscopy. We describe its major characteristics, based on the proposed requirements, the current state of the project, and some planned future upgrades. We show examples of its use and capabilities. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

The Euro3D data format: A common FITS data format for integral field spectrographs     

M. Kissler‐Patig  Y. Copin  P. Ferruit  A. Pcontal‐Rousset  M.M. Roth 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2004,325(2):159-162

As integral field spectrographs have become more common around the world and in Europe in particular, the need for a common data format has been recognized. Here, we present the Euro3D format that is adapted as a post‐instrumentalsignature‐removal format for all instruments within the Euro3D network. It follows the FITS standard, and includes several extensions, all of them being binary FITS tables. This article is intended to give a comprehensive overview, but does not attempt to serve as a full definition document. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

土地利用规划方案综合评价的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

汤江龙 《华东地质学院学报》1999,22(3):288-293

在介绍评价系数法的基础上,进行了相应改进,提出了修正理想点法,并确定了土地利用规划方案综合评价因素指标及其权重,使综合评价结果合理。  相似文献   

基于谱烈度改进算法的研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

李通    姚新强    郭迅  曹井泉  刘红艳 《世界地震工程》2023,39(1):189-199

本文基于Housner谱烈度公式中存在的不足和问题提出了一种改进算法,首先将相对速度反应谱积分公式上下限范围扩大为0.1～10.1 s,通过统计分析集集地震、汶川地震和芦山地震反应谱积分值和宏观烈度之间的关系,给出8组分档线性公式来计算改进谱烈度值I_s,并采用普通克里金插值法绘制谱烈度分布图。本文提出的改进算法在地震动加速度时程积分与谱烈度之间建立起一组长周期、连续性和精细化的函数关系,经鲁甸地震对比验证,该改进算法得出的谱烈度分布图与宏观烈度图整体变化趋势一致,谱烈度值与宏观烈度吻合率(偏差±1度以内)约为90%,具有一定的科学性和准确性,可为灾后应急救援以及决策部署等提供科学的数据支撑。  相似文献   

Assessment of a new solution for tracking pebbles in rivers based on active RFID          下载免费PDF全文

Mathieu Cassel  Thomas Dépret  Hervé Piégay 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(13):1938-1951

Low‐frequency passive integrated transponders (PIT tags), are commonly used for monitoring pebble mobility in gravel‐bed rivers. Although early studies reported high recovery rates for PIT tags used in small streams, recovery rates in larger systems remain low, substantially limiting the possibilities for their use in such rivers. These low recovery rates are potentially due to missed detections caused by tag signal collision, burial in the sediment layer deeper than the maximum detection range and insufficient (but still exhausting) field effort to cover the concerned areas. A potential solution for addressing these problems is to use active ultra‐high frequency (a‐UHF) transponders as these have a greater detection range and anti‐collision protocols. In order to assess the potential of such transponders for pebble tracking in rivers, we used 433.92 MHz COIN‐ID and COIN‐HC models (ELA Innovation Company, Montpellier, France). We completed several tests to (i) characterize transponder detection ranges in the water and in saturated sediment and (ii) develop field protocols for locating tags by combining global positioning systems (GPS) sites and transponder received signal strength indication (RSSI) levels. The results showed that (i) the maximum detection ranges are about 2.4 m in the water column and more than 2.6 m in a column of saturated gravelly‐sandy sediment, (ii) RSSI spatial interpolation can be used to determine transponder position with good accuracy (< 1 m), (iii) the desired minimal level of accuracy can be adjusted depending on in‐field effort and signal impulse interval, (iv) the RSSI maximal value observed cannot yet be used to determine transponder burial depth because of the multipath propagation of radio frequencies and the semi‐directional emission of the tag signal. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于全局弱式无单元法直流电阻率正演模拟   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

麻昌英  柳建新  刘海飞  郭荣文  曹创华 《地球物理学报》2017,60(2):801-809

全局弱式无单元法是在有限单元法基础上发展起来的一种数值模拟方法,它采用局部支持域内的节点信息来构造形函数实现局部精确逼近,摆脱了单元,仅依赖于节点信息,具有预处理简单、模拟精度高、灵活性强的特点,适用于复杂地电条件下直流电阻率正演模拟.本文采用RPIM构造直流电阻率全局弱式无单元法形函数,利用RPIM形函数推导了直流电阻率全局弱式无单元法方程.然后,编制了直流电阻率全局弱式无单元法正演模拟Fortran程序,利用该程序对典型的地电模型进行了正演模拟,并将正演结果与基于线性插值的FEM正演结果及解析解进行对比,结果表明采用RPIM形函数的全局弱式无单元法用于直流电阻率正演模拟的正确性及有效性,且在同等条件下,全局弱式无单元法模拟精度高于矩形剖分的FEM,更有利于指导电法勘探的数据解译;利用该程序对复杂地电模型进行了正演模拟,结果表明全局弱式无单元法对复杂地电模型模拟效果良好,适应性强,灵活性高,可任意加密节点提高模拟精度.  相似文献   

Statistical facies classification from multiple seismic attributes: comparison between Bayesian classification and expectation–maximization method and application in petrophysical inversion          下载免费PDF全文

Dario Grana  Xiaozheng Lang  Wenting Wu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(2):544-562

We present here a comparison between two statistical methods for facies classifications: Bayesian classification and expectation–maximization method. The classification can be performed using multiple seismic attributes and can be extended from well logs to three‐dimensional volumes. In this work, we propose, for both methods, a sensitivity study to investigate the impact of the choice of seismic attributes used to condition the classification. In the second part, we integrate the facies classification in a Bayesian inversion setting for the estimation of continuous rock properties, such as porosity and lithological fractions, from the same set of seismic attributes. The advantage of the expectation–maximization method is that this algorithm does not require a training dataset, which is instead required in a traditional Bayesian classifier and still provides similar results. We show the application, comparison, and analysis of these methods in a real case study in the North Sea, where eight sedimentological facies have been defined. The facies classification is computed at the well location and compared with the sedimentological profile and then extended to the 3D reservoir model using up to 14 seismic attributes.  相似文献   

结合ICESat-2和GEDI的中国东南丘陵地区ASTERGDEM高程精度评价与修正     

焦怀瑾  陈崇成  黄洪宇 《地球信息科学学报》2023,25(2):409-420

星载激光雷达ICESat-2和GEDI可以为数字高程模型产品的精度评价与修正提供全球覆盖的、可靠的高精度参考数据源。然而,现有的DEM修正方法主要是针对DEM误差中的植被高信号且多采用线性回归模型。为此,本文分析了ASTER GDEM v3精度与土地覆盖类型、高程、坡度、起伏度及植被覆盖率的关系。在此基础上,提出了一种考虑上述多种精度影响因素并结合XGBoost和空间插值的DEM误差修正方法。结果分析表明:原始ASTER GDEM的误差整体呈正态分布,平均误差为-3.463 m,存在较大负偏差,高程精度随着高程、坡度、起伏度及植被覆盖率VCF的增大呈降低趋势;经过修正后,ASTER GDEM平均误差降低到了-0.233 m,负偏差得到有效改善,整体平均绝对误差降低了26.04%,整体均方差降低了23.56%,耕地、林地、草地、湿地、水域及人造地表的DEM平均绝对误差和均方差都有不同程度的降低;本文提出的方法对多种特征要素与地形误差间的非线性关系进行拟合建模,在研究区取得了较好的修正效果。  相似文献   

Permanent earthquake‐induced actions in buried pipelines: Numerical modeling and experimental verification          下载免费PDF全文

《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(4):966-987

Buried pipelines are often constructed in seismic and other geohazard areas, where severe ground deformations may induce severe strains in the pipeline. Calculation of those strains is essential for assessing pipeline integrity, and therefore, the development of efficient models accounting for soil‐pipe interaction is required. The present paper is aiming at developing efficient tools for calculating ground‐induced deformation on buried pipelines, often triggered by earthquake action, in the form of fault rupture, liquefaction‐induced lateral spreading, soil subsidence, or landslide. Soil‐pipe interaction is investigated by using advanced numerical tools, which employ solid elements for the soil, shell elements for the pipe, and account for soil‐pipe interaction, supported by large‐scale experiments. Soil‐pipe interaction in axial and transverse directions is evaluated first, using results from special‐purpose experiments and finite element simulations. The comparison between experimental and numerical results offers valuable information on key material parameters, necessary for accurate simulation of soil‐pipe interaction. Furthermore, reference is made to relevant provisions of design recommendations. Using the finite element models, calibrated from these experiments, pipeline performance at seismic‐fault crossings is analyzed, emphasizing on soil‐pipe interaction effects in the axial direction. The second part refers to full‐scale experiments, performed on a unique testing device. These experiments are modeled with the finite element tools to verify their efficiency in simulating soil‐pipe response under landslide or strike‐slip fault movement. The large‐scale experimental results compare very well with the numerical predictions, verifying the capability of the finite element models for accurate prediction of pipeline response under permanent earthquake‐induced ground deformations.  相似文献