利用约束D-TIN进行建筑物多边形凹部结构识别与渐进式化简   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈文瀚  龙毅  沈婕  李雯静 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,(5):584-587,592

分析了位于建筑物多边形外侧的凹部结构特征及其类型,探讨了一种基于凹部层次结构的建筑物多边形渐进式化简方法,即以三角形为形状基元,用约束Delaunay三角化方法对建筑物多边形进行空间剖分,从凹部三角形树中提取三角形序列,通过匹配特征序列识别凹部的基本模式,以确定和实施相应的凹部化简方法,在此基础上迭代执行识别-化简过程,以实现对建筑物复杂凹部的渐进式化简。实验分析表明,该方法具有结构化和渐进综合的特点。  相似文献   

基于单位影响域的道路增量式综合方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘一宁  蓝秋萍  费立凡 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,(7):867-870

在地理信息数据库更新的要求下,提出了一种基于单位影响域的道路增量式综合方法,利用旧小比例尺上未发生变化数据,将道路的单位影响范围作为首要选取标准对新增数据进行取舍,减少了地图综合的工作量。采用四叉树分割方法对道路数据进行密度区域划分,不同密度区利用不同的单位影响域阈值进行取舍,保证综合后道路的密度分布与原数据保持一致,并用实验验证了该方法的有效性。  相似文献   

The ‘orogenic andesite’ puzzle of C. E. Tilley: 1—Is the volatile phase the missing piece?     

R. L. Stanton 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):625-641

Some 65 years ago, C. E. Tilley, in his 1950 Presidential Address to the Geological Society of London, brought into sharp focus the then perhaps-not-fully-recognised problem of the origin of what he termed the ‘orogenic andesites’—and, in particular, their commonly constituent calc-alkaline lineage of lavas and pyroclastic materials. In spite of much investigation and progress since, the problem remains not fully resolved. The two most conspicuous features of such orogenic—i.e. island arc—volcanism are its copious, explosive, degassing and, as Tilley noted, its copious development of andesites and their more felsic associates. If these rock types were derived from basalt, the principal relevant changes in major element composition are reductions in Fe, Ca and Mg, and increases in Si, Al and (Na + K). Four principal mechanisms for inducing these changes have been proposed: (1) magmatic differentiation induced by fractional crystallisation, (2) magma mixing, (3) partial melting of an ultramafic-derived basaltic parent, and (4) crustal contamination. A fifth postulate—long recognised but only occasionally seriously considered—is that loss in the volatile phase during eruption and later degassing may make a significant contribution to the overall process. On the basis that Tilley's (and others’) orogenic basalt–andesite–dacite–rhyolite series constitutes a linear arrangement on the conventional FeO_t–MgO–(Na₂O + K₂O) diagram it is shown on numerical grounds that fractional crystallisation alone cannot account for the observed compositional trend—that, while accumulates are neither uncommon nor insubstantial in amount in modern arcs, they are olivine-rich, not magnetite-rich, and that numerical, petrological and field evidence indicates that the high oxidation/magnetite subtraction hypothesis of orogenic andesite genesis can no longer be seriously entertained. The partial melting hypothesis encounters contrary numerical evidence, closely analogous with that adduced for fractional crystallisation. Magma mixing eventually encounters the difficulty of the nature of the felsic material required for rhyolite formation, and assimilation of the preservation of primitive isotope ratios as lava evolution progresses. A fifth mechanism—volatile loss—may make a significant contribution to the relevant compositional change, perhaps in combination with one or more of the other proposed processes. Geochemical, petrological and field evidence pertaining to this is reviewed and examined, and it is postulated that indeed a combination of fractional crystallisation as the principal mechanism, volatile loss as a contributing factor, provides a plausible process. A case is made for an exploratory experimental investigation of the possibility of significant loss in a gas/vapour phase.  相似文献   

海岸壶穴与风化坑的成因差异及证据——以广东沙扒镇和庙湾岛海岸为例     

王为  许刘兵  林志海  刘志鹏  段茹萍  陈科景  黄日辉  刘韫  赖宜讯 《第四纪研究》2013,33(5)

风化坑和壶穴都是常见的岩石坑穴地形,其形成原因和形态完全不同,但容易被误解和混淆.广东西部沙扒镇海岸和珠江口外庙湾岛海岸同时发育了风化坑和海岸壶穴.近年来我们对两处地区进行了考察,从地貌学、沉积学、岩石化学和矿物学等各个方面对风化坑和海岸壶穴的形成过程和影响因素进行了论证,并将两者进行了对比.研究表明在不同的岩石(火成岩和变质岩)上均能形成风化坑或海岸壶穴,各种证据显示风化坑形成于岩石表面积水的风化作用,海岸壶穴则是由海浪的侵蚀作用而形成:1)风化坑可以形成于高潮线以上的各个高度平坦的岩石面上,平均高潮线以下不能形成风化坑,而海岸壶穴可形成于平均高潮面之下,其形成高度不超出高潮面;2)海岸壶穴与风化坑在形态上有明显区别,如不同的侧壁形态、底部、口径边缘及宽深比等;3)海岸壶穴中堆积物颗粒磨圆度和分选度好于风化坑中颗粒;4)风化坑内堆积物的化学蚀变指数CIA值均高于附近地面岩石的CIA值,而风化坑内堆积物中矿物的英长比高于地表岩石的英长比,但CIA值和英长比均不能区分海岸壶穴和风化坑中的堆积物;5)风化坑内颗粒含大量的粘土矿物,而海岸壶穴中无粘土矿物;6)风化坑和海岸壶穴的堆积物具有显著不同的化学元素迁移特征.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of the Langdu High–K Calc–Alkaline Intrusions in Yunnan Province: Constraints from Geochemistry and Sr–Nd Isotopes     

REN Tao  ZHANG Xingchun  HAN Runsheng  MA Meijuan 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(2):454-466

The Langdu high-K calc-alkaline intrusions are located in the Zhongdian area, which is the southern part of the Yidun island arc. These intrusive rocks consist mainly of monzonite porphyry, granodiorite, and diorite porphyry. The K2O content of majority of these rocks is greater than 3%, and, in the K2O-SiO2 diagram, all the samples fall into the high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic fields. They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs; LaN/YbN = 14.3-21.2), and show slightly negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.77-1.00). These rocks have high K, Rb, Sr, and Ba contents; moderate to high enrichment of compatible elements (Cr = 36.7-79.9 ppm, Co = 9.6-16.4 ppm, and MgO = 2.2%-3.4%); low Nb, Ta, and Ti contents, and characteristic of low high field strength elements(HFSEs) versus incompatible elements ratios (Nb/Th = 0.75, Nb/La = 0.34) and incompatible elements ratios (Nb/U = 3.0 and Ce/Pb = 5.1, Ba/Rb = 12.0). These rocks exhibit restricted Sr and Nd isotopic compositions, with (87Sr/86Sr) i values ranging from 0.7044 to 0.7069 and εNd(t) values from -2.8 to -2.2. The Sr-Nd isotope systematic and specific trace element ratios suggest that Langdu high-K calc-alkaline intrusive rocks derived from a metasomatized mantle source. The unique geochemical feature of intrusive rocks can be modeled successfully using different members of a slightly enriched mantle, a slab-derived fluid, and terrigenous sediments. It can be inferred that the degree of partial melting and the presence of specific components are temporally related to the tectonic evolution of the Zhongdian island arc. Formation of these rocks can be explained by the various degrees of melting within an ascending region of the slightly enriched mantle, triggered by the subduction of the Garzê-Litang ocean, and an interaction between the slab-derived fluid and the terrigenous sediments.  相似文献   

苏门答腊岛（印尼）岩浆旋回中的成矿作用     

高小卫  杨振强  吴秀荣 《华南地质与矿产》2013,(4):299-307

本文阐述了东苏门答腊地体和西苏门答腊地体白海西期岩浆旋回以来各自的金属矿产分布特征。海西期东苏门答腊地体以裂陷盆地的层控型铅-锌矿为主,而矽卡岩型Ag、cu和Pb．zn矿化产于西苏门答腊地体。印支期sn矿成矿作用主要与s-型花岗岩类（220～195Ma）侵入和苏门答腊岛中部的梅迪亚苏门答腊深大断裂走滑活动有关。燕山早期铜．金成矿作用为陆缘夭折古裂谷和岛弧环境。燕山晚期为弧-陆碰撞的火山弧的Sn-Au-Ag成矿作用。喜山期发育的岩浆弧Au—Ag成矿与苏门答腊深大断裂活动和巴厘散构造带有关,归因于印度-澳大利亚洋壳斜向俯冲于苏门答腊岛之下。  相似文献   

基于区域学科方法和理论的多岛联动开发分析——以徐闻县一墩、二墩、三墩和橹时墩为例     

常立侠  熊兰兰  汪思茹  唐焕丽  周厚诚 《海岸工程》2014,33(4):83-90

运用区域科学相关理论和方法,以徐闻县角尾湾海域内的一墩、二墩、三墩和橹时墩四个旅游岛的开发为例,探索了当前无居民海岛开发热潮背景下的“岛、海、陆”联动开发的有机组合模式.避免了单岛规划就岛论岛的孤立开发的现象,为区域用岛规划的实施进行前期探索,对进行“岛-海-陆统筹、多层次发展”的区域协调的海岛开发模式研究有重要指导意义,可为广东省无居民海岛联动开发提供有益借鉴.  相似文献   

南海岛礁航空摄影常见问题及对策          下载免费PDF全文

张靓  滕惠忠  欧阳永忠 《海洋测绘》2014,34(6):63-66

为解决远离大陆的海岛礁地形测绘的技术难题,在西沙群岛应用IMU/DGPS辅助海岛礁无控航空摄影技术进行了作业,经实测成果检验,影像精度满足大比例尺航测要求。基于试验分析,对在南海岛礁进行航空摄影常见问题提出了解决建议,有助于航空摄影测量技术在海岛礁测绘中的应用推广。  相似文献   

成都市热岛效应与城市空间发展关系分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张好  徐涵秋  李乐  樊亚鹏 《地球信息科学学报》2014,(1):70-78

利用Landsat卫星影像反演成都市中心城区1992、2001和2009年的地表温度,建筑用地和植被等信息,计算其城市热岛比例指数(URI),对成都市中心城区热岛效应与城市空间发展关系进行了分析。结果表明,在1992-2009年期间成都市主城区范围从91.24km2扩展到403.8km2。成都市建成区的大面积扩展导致了城市热岛空间分布发生迁移,从单中心聚集分布转变为多中心环状分布。回归分析说明,建筑用地和植被都是影响地表温度的重要因素,其中建筑用地与地表温度呈指数型正相关关系,而植被与地表温度呈负相关关系。总的看来,成都市中心城区在这17年间的热岛效应有了明显的缓解,城市热岛比例指数从0.72下降到0.33。城市植被覆盖率的增加和合理的规划对缓解城市热岛效应起到了积极的作用。  相似文献   

基于Voronoi图的岛礁水道空间配置模型研究     

石伟  苏奋振  周成虎 《地球信息科学学报》2014,(3):382-389

水道是连接两侧大陆或岛屿的狭长水域,是水上的生命线。在海洋中,水道通常与岛屿相伴而生,特别在礁体丛生的海域,岛礁与水道间的关系更为微妙,岛礁的价值在某些方面体现在其对水道安全的影响。本文以岛礁和水道的空间配置为出发点,提出基于Voronoi图的岛礁水道空间配置模型,利用岛礁对水道的控制强度,从水道的安全角度,描述岛礁的价值。最后,利用相关数据计算岛礁对水道的控制范围及强度,对岛礁与水道间的空间配置关系进行探讨。结果表明,空间配置关系是影响岛礁对水道的控制的重要因素,在空间相互关系的制约下岛礁的区位优势更能凸现其对水道的有效控制。该模型对海洋中岛礁分布区的水道安全及岛礁价值的研究有着重要的意义。  相似文献