基于Voronoi图的岛礁水道空间配置模型研究     

石伟  苏奋振  周成虎 《地球信息科学学报》2014,(3):382-389

水道是连接两侧大陆或岛屿的狭长水域,是水上的生命线。在海洋中,水道通常与岛屿相伴而生,特别在礁体丛生的海域,岛礁与水道间的关系更为微妙,岛礁的价值在某些方面体现在其对水道安全的影响。本文以岛礁和水道的空间配置为出发点,提出基于Voronoi图的岛礁水道空间配置模型,利用岛礁对水道的控制强度,从水道的安全角度,描述岛礁的价值。最后,利用相关数据计算岛礁对水道的控制范围及强度,对岛礁与水道间的空间配置关系进行探讨。结果表明,空间配置关系是影响岛礁对水道的控制的重要因素,在空间相互关系的制约下岛礁的区位优势更能凸现其对水道的有效控制。该模型对海洋中岛礁分布区的水道安全及岛礁价值的研究有着重要的意义。  相似文献   

基于MODIS数据的拉萨市地表温度变化研究     

拉巴  普布次仁  拉珍  陈涛  拉巴卓玛 《四川气象》2014,(2):48-51

采用2000～2011年6月MODIS地表温度产品和拉萨市4个气象站6月平均地表温度对拉萨市地表温度的时空变化进行了分析.结果表明：拉萨市在近12年内地表温度呈明显上升趋势,2009年地表温度达到最高为28.49℃,最小值出现在2003年为14.12℃.在空间分布上高温区主要集中在城市中心和城市周边区域,并随着时间推移不断向外扩张,在2007年6月拉萨市地表温度高温区分布范围最大,其中纳木错东部和林周县的高温区增加最显著;在利用实测的地表温度与MO-DIS反演的地表温度做相关分析发现,两者的相关系数为0.64通过了0.001的显著性检验,两种地表温度的时间变化趋势也较为一致,因此MODIS地表温度反演产品适用于大范围地表温度和城市热环境监测是可行的.  相似文献   

Cyclones influence native plant diversity on 22 remote high islands of French Polynesia and Pitcairn (eastern Polynesia)     

Sébastien Larrue 《自然地理学》2014,35(6):497-513

I examined the relative influence of eight spatial characteristics on native plant diversity in 22 volcanic high islands of eastern Polynesia. The characteristics used as potential predictors in this study included island area, highest elevation, distance to the nearest continent, distance to the nearest archipelago, distance to the nearest similar island, index of isolation, distance to the largest and highest island of Tahiti, and distance to the “cyclonic alley.” Among characteristics studied, native plant diversity (indigenous and endemic species) was primarily linked with the island area and highest elevation of the islands. Contemporary cyclones were an important predictor of indigenous plant diversity in the remote islands surveyed. In the study area, this result suggests that cyclones, moving from the west Pacific Ocean basin to the eastern Polynesian islands, have provided more indigenous species to the remote high islands located close to the cyclonic alley. Isolation did not appear as a significant predictor of native plant diversity in the high islands surveyed, possibly due to a stepping-stone-island effect and the proximity of the cyclonic alley. These findings suggest that isolation could be tempered by a cyclonic-transport-flow effect in the study area, thus reducing the effective distance of the remote islands from the mainland source pool for seed dispersal.  相似文献   

GIS环境下的制图自动综合方法研究     

李鹏  董星佐 《北京测绘》2014,(1):12-15

制图综合一直是地图学领域研究的重要课题,近年来又成为国际GIS领域内的热点和前沿问题之一。借助GIS的可视化以及GIS的空间分析工具,制图自动综合的研究进入了一个新阶段。本文简要介绍了在GIS环境下制图自动综合的概念和特点,以及相关内容,并从知识表示方面分析了制图综合的理论。其中重点讨论了制图综合的综合算法以及模型综合,而模型综合是地理信息的概念层次上的综合,是地图综合的前提和基础。  相似文献   

Data matching of building polygons at multiple map scales improved by contextual information and relaxation     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

The aim of matching spatial data at different map scales is to find corresponding objects at different levels of detail (LODs) that represent the same real-world phenomena. This is a prerequisite for integrating, evaluating and updating spatial data collected and maintained at various scales. However, matching spatial data is not straightforward due to the ambiguities caused by problems like many-to-many correspondence, non-systematic displacement and different LODs between data sets. This paper proposes an approach to matching areal objects (e.g. buildings) based on relaxation labeling techniques widely applied in pattern recognition and computer vision. The underlying idea is to utilize contextual information (quantified by compatibility coefficient) in an iterative process, where the ambiguities are reduced until a consistent matching is achieved. This paper describes (1) a domain-specific extension to previous relaxation schemes and (2) a new compatibility coefficient that exploits relative relationships between areal object pairs in spatial data. Our approach were validated through extensive experiments using building data sets at 1:10k and 1:50k as an example. Our contextual approach showed superior performance against a non-contextual approach in general and especially in ambiguous situations. The proposed approach can also be applied to matching other areal features and/or for a different scale range.  相似文献   

采用剖分思想的谷地弯曲识别及结构化方法     

朱强  武芳  钱海忠  李靖涵 《测绘科学技术学报》2014,(4)

等高线是地貌形态表达的重要手段,具有几何与地理双重信息。单纯从长度、面积等几何度量信息出发而设计的等高线化简算法,显然无法满足正向地貌等高线图形化简中,依据谷地包含关系,由细部到整体,逐级删谷扩脊等特殊要求。鉴于谷地弯曲及其层次结构信息是人们进行等高线图形化简的基础,文中对其成因进行深入研究,提出了一种基于剖分思想的谷地弯曲识别及结构化方法。该方法以数学弯曲作为剖分单元对等高线进行剖分,并在对剖分单元进行分类的基础上,实现了谷地弯曲的识别,构建了谷地弯曲层次嵌套关系树状模型,并对其进行了合理性验证。最后通过试验验证了谷地弯曲及其结构化信息指导等高线图形化简的科学性和有效性。  相似文献   

基于ArcSDE的浙江省海岛管理信息系统设计与实现     

韩富江  张济博  田双凤  郭芬芬 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(12)

为了满足海岛管理部门的需求,本文根据海岛信息特点,采用B/S和C/S的混合结构进行设计,利用ArcGIS Engine组件技术和ArcSDE空间数据引擎技术,将不同数据来源和数据特点的海岛信息进行集成,实现了海岛空间数据和属性数据的一体化管理,并研发了浙江省海岛管理信息系统,为全省海岛信息的统一管理和信息共享提供了一个支撑平台,对海岛管理、开发和保护具有重要意义.  相似文献   

第一次世界大战初期德国东亚驻军跨岛链作战的军事地理分析     

杨霄 《地理学报》2023,78(1):230-240

就军事地理环境而言,当代中国在海洋方向面临的最主要威胁来自环中国岛链的封锁,研究这一限制性地理环境对准备和实施军事活动的影响与相应对策,具有重要的现实意义。第一次世界大战（简称“一战”）初期,德国东亚驻军进行了跨岛链作战的实践,但在日本海军依托岛链和优势兵力的封锁下,其战略目标未能达成,并且出现了军事地理位置上的优劣转换。本文通过对“一战”初期德国东亚驻军跨岛链作战行动的军事地理分析,尝试提出军事地理研究思路、跨学科融合路径和分析框架。本文分析认为,彼时德占青岛虽然具有良好的战略态势和强大的军事力量,但孤悬海外,且缺乏战略纵深;从宏观的区域尺度分析来看,基地与舰队间的联系被岛链分隔,腹背受敌,军事地理上的劣势凸显。但依托岛链进行封锁,需要集结大量兵力,利用对方边缘区内作战力量相对比较薄弱的有利条件,原本实力较弱的德国东亚舰队取得了重大战果,形成反转式的“核心—边缘”结构。本文为中国的海疆安全和海洋强国建设提出了5条建议。  相似文献   

Implications of Weighting Metrics for Line Generalization with Visvalingam's Algorithm   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Visvalingam  J. C. Whelan 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):253-267

Visvalingam's algorithm was designed for caricatural line generalization. A distinction must be made between the algorithm and its operational definition, which includes the metric used to drive it. When the algorithm was first introduced, it was demonstrated using the concept of the effective area of triangles. It was noted that alternative metrics could be used and that the metrics could be weighted, for example to take account of shape.

Ordnance Survey (Great Britain) and others are using Visvalingam's algorithm for generalizing coastlines and other natural features, with complex parameter-driven functions to weight the original metric. This paper shows how free software and data were used to scrutinize the implications of one of Matthew Bloch's simple and transparent weighting functions. The results look promising, when compared with manually produced mid and small-scale maps; and encourage further research focussed on weighting functions and related topics, such as self-intersection of lines and model-based generalization. The paper discusses why weights were used in some projects. It comments on their range of applicability and reiterates the original guidance provided for the use of weights. It also demonstrates how weights can undermine the algorithm's capacity to draw caricatures with very few points. The paper provides sufficient background and links to the authors’ test data and to open source software for the benefit of others wishing to undertake research in line generalization using Visvalingam's algorithm.  相似文献   

基于中间线法的等值线压缩     

刘涛  崔高嵩  郑义东  王沫 《测绘科学》2013,38(4):128-129

针对传统曲线压缩算法对复杂等值线压缩效率低,无法保留小角度狭长地带的不足,本文提出首先选取等值线的重要特征点,然后基于这些特征点,利用中间线法对等值线进行压缩化简的方法,并进行编程实现;同传统Douglas-Peucker法相比,在压缩效率和压缩效果上有所进步,达到了预期目标。  相似文献