苏锡常地区地面沉降风险评价管理模型研究初探          下载免费PDF全文

于军  武健强 《江苏地质》2008,32(2):113-117

平原区超采地下水引发的地面沉降地质灾害已成为影响这些地区经济可持续发展的重要制约因素,如何从收益、成本、风险三个方面为决策者提供制定地面沉降相关防治措施的综合支持,实现灾害防治从被动应对向主动防御转变,是地面沉降防治研究领域的新课题。在综合考虑苏锡常地区技术、经济、人类活动等因素基础上,从地面沉降总体风险和地区差异水平出发,提出构建地面沉降风险评价模型及决策支持系统的初步研究思路和方法,为实现地面沉降防治的科学化决策管理进行了探索。  相似文献   

Using Topological Relationships to Inform a Data Integration Process   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sue Hope  Allison Kealy 《Transactions in GIS》2008,12(2):267-283

When spatial datasets are overlaid, corresponding features do not always coincide. This may be a result of the datasets having differing quality characteristics, being captured at different scales or perhaps being in different projections or datums. Data integration methods have been developed to bring such datasets into alignment. Although these methods attempt to maintain topological relationships within each dataset, spatial relationships between features in different datasets are generally not considered. The preservation of inter‐dataset topology is a research area of considerable current interest. This research addresses the preservation of topology within a data integration process. It describes the functional models established to represent a number of spatial relationships as observation equations. These are used to provide additional information concerning the relative positions of features. Since many topological relationships are best modelled as inequalities, an algorithm is developed to accommodate such relationships. The method, based on least squares with inequalities (LSI), is tested on simulated and real datasets. Results are presented to illustrate the optimal positioning solutions determined using all of the available information. In addition, updated quality parameters are provided at the level of the individual coordinate, enabling communication of local variation in the resultant quality of the integrated datasets.  相似文献   

Modelling Positional Uncertainty of Line Features by Accounting for Stochastic Deviations from Straight Line Segments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sytze de Bruin 《Transactions in GIS》2008,12(2):165-177

The assessment of positional uncertainty in line and area features is often based on uncertainty in the coordinates of their elementary vertices which are assumed to be connected by straight lines. Such an approach disregards uncertainty caused by sampling and approximation of a curvilinear feature by a sequence of straight line segments. In this article, a method is proposed that also allows for the latter type of uncertainty by modelling random rectangular deviations from the conventional straight line segments. Using the model on a dense network of sub‐vertices, the contribution of uncertainty due to approximation is emphasised; the sampling effect can be assessed by applying it on a small set of randomly inserted sub‐vertices. A case study demonstrates a feasible way of parameterisation based on assumptions of joint normal distributions for positional errors of the vertices and the rectangular deviations and a uniform distribution of missed sub‐vertices along line segments. Depending on the magnitudes of the different sources of uncertainty, not accounting for potential deviations from straight line segments may drastically underestimate the positional uncertainty of line features.  相似文献   

抗差最小二乘配置在数字化地图几何纠正中的应用讨论     

张亮 《测绘与空间地理信息》2008,31(2):145-148

抗差估计具有较好的抗拒异常观测值及粗差的能力,而最小二乘配置又能较好地处理系统误差,本文结合两者的优点,利用抗差最小二乘配置对数字化地图进行几何纠正,其中对协方差函数采用抗差拟合,得到了较好的结果。实验证明在GIS数据处理的扫描数字化地图几何纠正中,抗差最小二乘配置在抗拒异常值和处理系统误差方面优于单纯的最小二乘估计和单纯的最小二乘配置方法。  相似文献   

动态最小二乘支持向量机学习算法     

邓兴升  花向红 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2008,33(11):1122-1125

针对大样本集的训练问题和动态训练样本的模型更新问题,提出了动态最小二乘支持向量机学习算法.该算法充分利用已建好的模型,逐渐加入新样本,并可删除位于任何位置的非支持向量,避免了矩阵求逆运算,保证了算法的高效率.大坝变形及电离层延迟两个时间序列的预报实例表明,该算法具有计算时间短、预报精度高的特点.  相似文献   

青藏高原东部及邻区地块现今运动特征     

《成都理工学院学报》2008,35(1):81-86

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基于改进PSO-SVM的噪声稳健建筑物变形监测方法     

张建奇 《北京测绘》2021,35(2):166-171

对高层、超高层建筑物进行实时,高精度的变形监测对提前预防安全隐患,保证人民生命财产安全具有重要意义。建筑物变形作为一种典型的随机性和微弱性过程,噪声等误差的存在会影响从中提取有用的变形信息。针对该问题,提出一种改进粒子群(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)算法优化支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)的噪声稳健建筑物变形监测方法,利用改进PSO算法的全局搜索能力对SVM的核参数进行优化,提升预测精度的同时增强算法的噪声稳健性。基于实测数据的试验结果表明,相对于传统交叉验证SVM和小波方法,所提方法可以获得更高的变形预测精度,并且在低信噪比条件下优势更加明显。  相似文献   

Comparison of structural and least-squares lines for estimating geologic relations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Garnett P. Williams  Brent M. Troutman 《Mathematical Geology》1990,22(8):1027-1049

Two different goals in fitting straight lines to data are to estimate a true linear relation (physical law) and to predict values of the dependent variable with the smallest possible error. Regarding the first goal, a Monte Carlo study indicated that the structural-analysis (SA) method of fitting straight lines to data is superior to the ordinary least-squares (OLS) method for estimating true straight-line relations. Number of data points, slope and intercept of the true relation, and variances of the errors associated with the independent (X) and dependent (Y) variables influence the degree of agreement. For example, differences between the two line-fitting methods decrease as error in X becomes small relative to error in Y. Regarding the second goal—predicting the dependent variable—OLS is better than SA. Again, the difference diminishes as X takes on less error relative to Y. With respect to estimation of slope and intercept and prediction of Y, agreement between Monte Carlo results and large-sample theory was very good for sample sizes of 100, and fair to good for sample sizes of 20. The procedures and error measures are illustrated with two geologic examples.  相似文献   

Engineering geological studies and tunnel support design at Sulakyurt dam site, Turkey   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H. Basarir 《Engineering Geology》2006,86(4):225-237

This paper presents the results of engineering geological investigations and tunnel support design studies, carried out at the Sulakyurt dam site, northeast of Ankara, Turkey. The Sulakyurt dam will be used for flow control and water storage for irrigation projects. Studies were carried out both in the field and the laboratory. Field studies include engineering geological mapping, intensive discontinuity surveying, core drilling and sampling for laboratory testing. The diversion tunnel will be driven in rock mass, consisting of granite and diorite. Empirical, analytical and numerical methods were combined for safe tunnel design. Rock mass rating (RMR), Rock mass quality (Q) and Geological strength index (GSI) systems were used for empirical rock mass quality determination, site characterization and support design. The convergence–confinement method was used as analytical method and software called Phase², a 2D finite element program, was utilized as numerical method. According to the results acquired from the empirical, analytical and numerical methods, tunnel stability problems were expected in both granite and diorite rock masses. The support system, suggested by empirical methods, was applied and the performance of suggested support system was evaluated by means of numerical modelling. It was concluded that the suggested support systems were adequate, since after applying the suggested support system to granite and diorite, tunnel deformation and the yielded elements around the tunnel decreased significantly. Thus, it is suggested that for more reliable support design empirical, numerical and analytical methods should be combined.  相似文献   

密集建筑群中的深基坑施工技术     

张维正 《探矿工程》2006,33(6):1-3,7

以沈阳市某深基坑支护及降水工程在密集建筑群中施工为例，介绍了该支护工程的设计与施工，阐述了该工程变形监测方法并对其结果进行了分析，总结了在沈阳地区密集建筑群中进行基坑开挖的设计与施工经验。  相似文献