Palaeoclimatic reconstruction from Loch Lomond Readvance glaciers in the West Drumochter Hills,Scotland     

Douglas I. Benn  Colin K. Ballantyne 《第四纪科学杂志》2005,20(6):577-592

Geomorphological mapping in the West Drumochter Hills provides evidence of a readvance of locally nourished glaciers during the Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stade, in the form of an icefield 67.7 km² in area drained by outlet glaciers. The icefield limits accord broadly with those proposed by Sissons (1980) but all geomorphic, stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence conflicts with a recent proposal that the landforms in the area reflect southwestwards retreat of the last ice sheet. Up‐valley continuity of recessional moraines indicates that the ice remained active and close to climatic equilibrium during the earlier stages of glacier retreat, consistent with slow warming following the coldest part of the stade. The pattern of equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) across the icefield is consistent with transfer of snow by westerly and southerly winds. The ELA of the reconstructed icefield as a whole is 622–629 m, although this figure is likely to be lower than the regional (climatic) ELA because the icefield probably received additional snow blown from adjacent plateau surfaces and slopes. Inclusion of potential snow‐blow areas in the ELA calculation yields a value of 648–656 m; the climatic ELA is therefore likely to have lain between 622 and 656 m. Mean June to August temperature at the ELA, based on chironomid assemblages at two sites, falls within the range 4.0 ± 0.7°C. Empirical relationships between temperature and precipitation at modern glacier ELAs indicate that mean annual precipitation (MAP) at the ELA was 1977 ± 464 mm, statistically indistinguishable from modern values. Comparison with precipitation values calculated for the Isle of Mull on the west coast suggest that the precipitation gradient across the Central Highlands of Scotland was steeper during the Loch Lomond Stade than at present, probably as the result of efficient scavenging of precipitation from westerly airflows by the West Highland Icefield. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Fire and drought as drivers of early Holocene tree line changes in the Peruvian Andes     

Dunia H. Urrego  Brittany A. Niccum  Christopher F. La Drew  Miles R. Silman  Mark B. Bush 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(1):28-36

Three pollen and charcoal records from three lakes lying at 3400 m elevation in southern Peru provided a record of landscape change spanning the last ca.18 000 cal. a BP. The tree line lay close to the site between ca. 16 000 and 12 000 cal. a BP, with Polylepis woodlands growing near the lakes. Progressively drying conditions led to increased fire after 12 000 cal. a BP, coinciding with a decline in Polylepis cover and Andean forest relicts as puna grasslands expanded. A strong decrease in the rate of sediment deposition between ca. 12 000 and ca. 4400 cal. a BP was interpreted to indicate the presence of sedimentary hiatuses. With the return of wet conditions after 4400 cal. a BP, forests did not reassemble around the lakes. Instead, fire‐maintained grasslands dominated the landscape. Humans probably induced the intensified fire activity during the late Holocene and thereby deflected local successions. The modern fragmented landscape, with Polylepsis woodlands existing in fire‐resistant pockets above the general limit of the Andean tree line, resulted from the intensification of human land use practices during the last 4400 cal. a BP. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Selection of ThAr lines for wavelength calibration of echelle spectra and implications for variations in the fine-structure constant     

M. T. Murphy  P. Tzanavaris  J. K. Webb  C. Lovis 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,378(1):221-230

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Evidence for relativistic features in the X-ray spectrum of Mrk 335   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. L. Longinotti  S. A. Sim  K. Nandra  M. Cappi 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,374(1):237-247

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RS、GPS、TMS相结合在合肥市大房郢水库工程用地测量中的应用     

刘德明  周松泉 《安徽地质》2001,11(4):245-249

为满足合肥市大房郢水库建设及土地管理部门对用地资井的要求，利用航空遥感片对用地现状进行了调查，采用航测解析法配合其它先进测量手段(GPS全球定位系统、TMS全站仪测量系统)确定用地的各类界线。本文介绍了这次工作的技术路线，土地利用现状调查，用地界线的确定，数字影像线划地籍图的编辑及数据汇总等方面的情况。  相似文献   

两种GPS测量规范在网平差检验的区别及POWERADJ转换程序的建立     

丁锐 《安徽地质》2001,11(4):250-256

论述了国家测绘局1992年6月颁发的“GPS测量规范”与中华人民共和国建设部1997年4月颁发的“GPS城市测量技术规程”在GPS观测网平差过程中的数据检验衡量标准上的区别；并在此基础上建立符合城市GPS测量规范的检验程序。  相似文献   

THE TECHNIQUE OF QUASI-LOSSLESS COMPRESSION OF THE REMOTE SENSING IMAGE     

HU Qingwu XUAN Jiabin 《地球空间信息科学学报》2001,4(1):50-55

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天气雷达天馈系统损耗的测量   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

王志武  赵海林  郑旭初 《气象》2001,27(7):24-26

根据微波测量的基本原理，利用雷达台站现有的仪器设备，介绍了对天气雷达达天馈系统的插入损耗进行定量测量的方法和注意事项，并给出了713C天气协达的天馈系统的测量结果。  相似文献   

边界层辐合线发展成飑线的数值试验   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：8  

张群  张维桓等 《气象科学》2001,21(3):308-315

利用高分辨率η坐标模式，以一个实际飑线个例的常规资料为初值，通过嵌入一定强度的边界中层尺度辐合线，进行了边界层辐合线型飑线激发的数值试验，结果表明，飑线实例的大尺度环境场提供了累积的有效浮力能，小尺度积云对流则通过对流翻腾提供高层水汽凝结潜热加热和低层降温冷却，而中尺度幅合线通过提供带状辐合上升运动，起着胚胎和组织积云对流的作用，这样大、中、小三种尺度相互作用导致了边界层中尺度辐合线发展成为飑线。  相似文献   

一次强降水系统的演变和细结构分析          下载免费PDF全文

薛秋芳  丁一汇 《应用气象学报》1995,6(1):56-62

文章分析1992年7月23日河北省东部平原地区一次突发性暴雨过程，研究了产生特大暴雨的中-α尺度对流系统的演变及其细结构，讨论了该系统内部中心暖区形成的物理机制，并指出几种不同尺度的天气系统相互作用对这次暴雨系统的重要影响。  相似文献