SEISMIC GEOLOGY     

《Abstract of Chinese Geological Literature》2014,(3)

正20141334 Chen Kun(Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing100081,China);Yu Yanxiang Shakemap of Peak Ground Acceleration with Bias Correction for the Lushan,Sichuan Earthquake on April20,2013(Seismology and Geology,ISSN0253-4967,CN11-2192/P,35(3),2013,p.627-633,2 illus.,1 table,9 refs.)Key words:great earthquakes,Sichuan Province  相似文献   

A comparative study of seismic tomography models of the Chinese continental lithosphere          下载免费PDF全文

Xuezhen Zhang  Xiaodong Song  Jiangtao Li 《地震科学（英文版）》2022,35(3):161-185

The Chinese mainland is subject to complicated plate interactions that give rise to its complex structure and tectonics. While several seismic velocity models have been developed for the Chinese mainland, apparent discrepancies exist and, so far, little effort has been made to evaluate their reliability and consistency. Such evaluations are important not only for the application and interpretation of model results but also for future model improvement. To address this problem, here we compare five published shear-wave velocity models with a focus on model consistency. The five models were derived from different datasets and methods (i.e., body waves, surface waves from earthquakes, surface waves from noise interferometry, and full waves) and interpolated into uniform horizontal grids (0.5° × 0.5°) with vertical sampling points at 5 km, 10 km, and then 20 km intervals to a depth of 160 km below the surface, from which we constructed an averaged model (AM) as a common reference for comparative study. We compare both the absolute velocity values and perturbation patterns of these models. Our comparisons show that the models have large (> 4%) differences in absolute values, and these differences are independent of data coverage and model resolution. The perturbation patterns of the models also show large differences, although some of the models show a high degree of consistency within certain depth ranges. The observed inconsistencies may reflect limited model resolution but, more importantly, systematic differences in the datasets and methods employed. Thus, despite several seismic models being published for this region, there is significant room for improvement. In particular, the inconsistencies in both data and methodologies need to be resolved in future research. Finally, we constructed a merged model (ChinaM-S1.0) that incorporates the more robust features of the five published models. As the existing models are constrained by different datasets and methods, the merged model serves as a new type of reference model that incorporates the common features from the joint datasets and methods for the shear-wave velocity structure of the Chinese mainland lithosphere.  相似文献   

Quantitative analysis of the shallow crustal tectonic stress field in China mainland based on in situ stress data     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

The latest hydraulic fracturing and stress relief measurement data in the Chinese mainland were collected. The total of 3856 data entries are measured at 1474 locations. The measured area covers 75–130°E and 18–47°N, and the depth range varies from surface to 4000 meters depth, which generally includes each active tectonic block of China and each segment of North–South seismic belt. We investigated the tectonic stress field by removing the effect of gravity. For this, we assume lateral constraints and Heim’s rule. The gravity contribution is removed by using the assumption of lateral constraint and Heim’s rule. Our results show: (1) the maximum and the minimum horizontal principal stress σ_H, σ_h and the vertical stress σ_V in the shallow crust of China all increase linearly with depth: σ_H = 0.0229D + 4.738, σ_h = 0.0171D + 1.829, σ_V = 0.0272D. Maximum and minimum horizontal tectonic stress varies as a function of depth D linearly 4.738 < σ_T < 0.0139D + 4.738 and 1.829 < σ_t < 0.0162D + 1.829. The horizontal tectonic differential stress is σ_T − σ_t = 0.0058D + 2.912. (2) The intermediate value of σ_T1 (regression value of tectonic stress inferred from the assumption of lateral constraint at 2000 m depth) changes in different areas, the maximum value of which is 45.6 MPa, while the minimum value of which is 26.8 MPa. Horizontal tectonic differential stress σ_T − σ_t increases linearly with depth and the maximum and minimum of σ_T − σ_t is 25.3 MPa and 13.0 MPa, respectively. In general, the stress magnitude is much higher in western than in eastern China. This indicates that the strong Indo-Eurasian collision dominates the present tectonic stress field in Chinese mainland. (3) Compared with other study regions, the northward crustal compression to the Qinghai-Tibet block is relatively lower in magnitude in the shallow subsurface and higher at deeper depth. (4) The orientations of σ_T in China mainland generally form a radial scattering pattern centered in Tibetan Plateau. From western to eastern China, they rotate gradually clockwise from NS to NNE, NE, NEE, and SE, which is consistent with the result of focal mechanism solutions.  相似文献   

ANALYSIS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES MAKING LANDFALL ON DIFFERENT REGIONS OF CHINESE MAINLAND     

尹宜舟  朱志存  叶殿秀  黄强 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2013,19(3):276-283

The locations(longitudes and latitudes)of the tropical cyclones(TCs)making landfall on the Chinese mainland from 1949 to 2008 are investigated in detail by using ArcGis and FORTRAN routine.The southeast coastline[110 to 122°E)with most landfall TCs was selected as the key region,which was divided into 12 subsections with 1°intervals of longitude.The study period was from July to September in each year.The result showed that the average sustaining time of TCs making landfall on the subsections east of 118°E is longer than those west of 118°E.Before landfall,the averaged TC intensity in the subsections east of118°E is stronger than that west of it.After landfall,however,the difference between the west and east is not significant.The index of destructive potential for the period before/after landfall was defined as TDP1/TDP2.The maximum of TDP1/TDP2 occurred in the subsection of[119,120°E)/[110,111°E).The ENSO impact on the frequency and average location of landfall TC over the whole region at 110 to 122°E is not obvious,but the effect varies with specific subsections.There is little differences of averaged TDP1 in the subsections between different phases of ENSO events,but the averaged TDP2 is larger in the warm events than that in the cold events.The rainstorm days of each station caused by TCs in different subsections were counted respectively.The results suggested that the rainstorm days of the subsections east of 118°E are much more than those west of 118°E.The larger values are primarily distributed at the subsections of[119,120°E)and[110,111°E).  相似文献   

LONG-TERM VARIATIONS OF FOG AND MIST IN MAINLAND CHINA DURING 1951-2005   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴兑  吴晓京  李菲  谭浩波  陈静  陈欢欢  陈慧忠  曹治强  李海燕  孙弦 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2013,19(2):181-187

Fog is an important indicator of weather. Long-term variations of fog and mist were studied by analyzing the meteorological data from 743 surface weather stations in mainland China during 1951-2005. In climatology, there are more foggy days in the southeast than in the northwest China and more in the winter half of the year than in the summer half. The decadal change of foggy days shows regional variation. Southwest China is the region with the most foggy days, and more than 20 foggy days occur in Sichuan Basin in one year. Persistent heavy fog usually appears in winter and spring over the North China Plain and Northeast China Plain. Misty days are much more frequent in the provinces south of the Yangtze River than in the regions north of it, and there is an obvious increase of misty days after the 1980s. Southwest China is the area with the most number of misty days, and more than 100 misty days occur in Sichuan Basin in a year.  相似文献   

中国大陆现今地应力场黏弹性球壳数值模拟综合研究   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

范桃园  龙长兴  杨振宇  陈群策  吴中海  邵兆刚  仝亚博 《地球物理学报》2012,55(4):1249-1260

中国大陆现今实测地应力场的状态与板块构造环境、活动断裂带分布、地形地貌以及地壳结构呈现一定相关性. 在中国大陆西缘,印度洋板块与欧亚板块陆发生陆碰撞,在中国大陆东缘,菲律宾海板块、太平洋板块俯冲到欧亚板块之下. 中国大陆内部被大型活动断裂带分割为多个块体,各个块体的地壳结构和厚度呈不均匀分布,地形地貌起伏具有很大的差异. 笔者以中国大陆块体模型为基础,把板块构造作用和重力势作为主要影响地应力状态的两个主要要素,在现今活动构造、GPS和实测地应力等成果的约束下,利用线性黏弹体球壳有限元模拟分析了中国大陆现今地应力场的分布特征和控制因素. 结果表明: (1)构造应力场总体上呈现出西部挤压,东部拉张的特征,印度板块与欧亚板块的持续碰撞形成了青藏高原及其周缘的挤压性质的构造应力场,而东部菲律宾板块与太平洋板块的俯冲形成了黄海、东海和环渤海区域的拉张性质的构造应力场,中间为拉张环境和挤压环境的过渡,最大主应力的方向受到板块构造环境和活动构造分布的控制;(2)重力的影响主要体现在地形梯度大和地壳厚度结构变化大的地壳浅部区域,在藏南、滇西北局部地区的地壳浅部由于受到重力势控制,呈现为张性应力场,在塔里木地区由于重力势引起的应力场与构造应力场同为挤压性质,因此该区的挤压强度得以增加;(3)中国大陆浅部地应力场的状态主要受到区域板块构造环境、块体边界活动构造带的展布和地形的控制,总体上以南北构造带为界,西部以较强的压性构造环境为主,东部为较弱的压性构造环境,藏南和滇西北局部地区存在有张性构造环境;构造应力对地应力的贡献比重随着深度增加而增加;(4)采用黏弹性模型的构造应力场模拟结果比完全弹性模型的模拟结果能够更好地与实测地应力场相吻合,利用完全弹性模型分析由地震等诱发的地应力瞬时变化是有效的;(5)青藏高原东南缘最大主应力方向发生了较大的偏转,其主要控制因素有:印度板块持续的碰撞、中下地壳对上地壳拖曳以及印度板块通过实皆断裂对欧亚板块的剪切拉伸作用. 中国大陆现今地应力场是整个地壳岩石黏弹特性长期演化和断裂活动的结果,是地应力场动态演化过程中在现今时间点上的状态,受到板块构造环境、大陆内部活动断裂分布、地形地貌和地壳结构等因素不同程度的控制,模拟结果为中国大陆地应力场提供了一个定量的参考模型.  相似文献   

张家口市一次持续高温天气成因分析     

赵海江  周彦丽  郭金河  王宏  苗志成 《气象科技》2012,40(3):450-455

利用天气图资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和地面观测资料以及热流量方程,从天气学角度分析了2010年7月下旬张家口地区高温天气产生的主要原因。结果指出:高温是在大陆高压持续稳定控制的天气形势背景下产生的,然而在这种情况下,温度平流因子对高温所起的作用不是最主要的,非绝热条件才是高温日出现的关键;地面温度较高且持续时间较长,也为7月29日最高气温创下历史新极值做出了一定贡献;对高温日最高气温与当日14:00 850hPa温度做了对比分析,认为二者相差9℃可以作为高温日最高气温预报的参考。  相似文献   

中国大陆地质历史的旋回与阶段   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

李锦轶 《中国地质》2009,36(3):504-527

基于对中国大陆已有资料的综合研究,特别是把中国大陆已有地质记录与现今不同板块构造环境形成的岩石组合对比,笔者提出了中国大陆太古宙以来的地质历史可以划分为至少6个大陆形成演化旋回的新论点,根据它们对中国大陆形成演化的贡献并考虑全球大陆形成演化已有认识,建议把它们分别命名为始华旋回、古华旋回、北华旋回、南华旋回、华夏旋回和泛华旋回.建议以大陆裂解记录作为划分这些旋回的标志,每个旋回根据运动学和动力学的差异,进一步划分为裂解离散阶段、汇聚重组阶段和陆内发展阶段.在简要论述了中国大陆形成演化的这6个旋回以后,对中国大陆不同地区时空演化差异和板块构造与地幔柱之间的关系进行了简要讨论,认为(1)此张彼合的地球表层构造运动规律和陆缘与陆内环境并存是导致不同地区大陆时空演化差异的根本原因;(2)板块之间相互作用和地幔柱活动(即地球不同层圈之间的相互作用),是地球上同时存在的两种相互独立的构造体制,它们有可能在一个地区同时存在.  相似文献   

歹字型构造体系在地震预测中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

徐道一  孙文鹏 《地质力学学报》2011,17(1):64-73

青藏滇缅印尼歹字型构造体系和北美洲西海岸歹字型构造体系是李四光在70多年前提出的两个巨型歹字型构造体系。近年来,歹字型构造体系被应用于地震预测。应用青藏滇缅印尼歹字型构造体系预测2008年汶川8.3级巨震,应用北美洲西海岸歹字型构造体系预测2010年4月5日墨西哥7.5级大地震,均获成功。进一步研究表明,位于同一歹字型构造体系的2个或3个特大巨震的时间间隔为53 ~ 54 a,相当于三个沙罗周期的长度,歹字型构造体系的近代活动基本上是与天文因素有关的,这一联系可被应用于地震预测。   相似文献   

1991—2004年GPS观测的中国大陆地壳动态变形特征     

曹建玲  王辉  武艳强  刘晓霞  张晶 《中国地震研究》2015,29(2):225-236

Based on GPS data from 1991- 2004 and the least-squares collocation method,we analyze the crustal deformation in the Chinese mainland. The results show that the first-order crustal deformation is unchanged in different periods in the Chinese mainland,which reflects the background of regional tectonic activity. The strain rate is much higher in Western China,especially in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan-Yunnan area. The variations in different periods are related with seismicity of strong earthquakes during the same time. The GPS data after 2004 shows the post-seismic deformation of the 2001 Kunlun Mountains M S8. 1 earthquake.  相似文献