浅析制种玉米在实际生产中遇到的几个问题     

马燕马洪亮  高彦兵 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2005,28(3):19-19,21

结合制种玉米的气候适宜性特征，从农业气象学角度对实际生产中遇到的几个问题做出了客观分析并提出针对性的生产建议。  相似文献   

采用热像仪测量玉米冠层半球方向亮温的四种方法比较     

余涛  顾行发  田国良  M．Legran  J．F．Hanocq  R．Bosseno  梁洪有  蔡红艳  程天海  余珊珊 《遥感学报》2006,10(2):145-150

为了提高玉米冠层半球方向亮温（DBT）测量的准确性，对一套由工业用起重机平台和热红外成像仪组成的地面观测系统的四种测量方法进行了对比和评价。这些方法基于不同的测量原理：（1）通过移动起重机和平台，从不同的角度去测量一个样区的DBT；（2）固定起重机和平台的位置，通过旋转热像仪，从不同的区域收集不同角度的DBT；（3）对方法2的改进，转动热像仪朝向的同时，吊车沿作物垄行方向运动，得到大区域内平均的DBT；（4）当热像仪沿着垂直于垄行方向的起重机臂运动时，用高成像频率对目标热辐射进行采样。在对这些方法进行比较时，着重考虑了玉米冠层亮温分布的时间和空间变化所产生的影响，对本观测系统的优点和局限性进行了初步探讨。最后，本文从实际应用的角度，提出了一个基于这个系统且优化了的DBT测量方法。  相似文献   

Carbon dioxide exchange and the mechanism of environmental control in a farmland ecosystem in North China Plain     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(Z2)

CO2 flux was measured continuously in a wheat and maize rotation system of North China Plain using the eddy covariance technique to study the characteristic of CO2 exchange and its response to key environmental factors. The results show that nighttime net ecosystem exchange (NEE) varied exponentially with soil temperature. The temperature sensitivities of the ecosystem (Q10) were 2.94 and 2.49 in years 2002-2003 and 2003-2004, respectively. The response of gross primary productivity (GPP) to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the crop field can be expressed by a rectangular hyperbolic function. Average Amax andαfor maize were more than those for wheat. The values ofαincreased positively with leaf area index (LAI) of wheat. Diurnal variations of NEE were significant from March to May and from July to September, but not remarkable in other months. NEE, GPP and ecosystem respiration (Rec) showed significantly seasonal variations in the crop field. The highest mean daily CO2 uptake rate was -10.20 and -12.50 gC·m-2·d-1 in 2003 and 2004, for the maize field, respectively, and -8.19 and -9.50 gC·m-2·d-1 in 2003 and 2004 for the wheat field, respectively. The maximal CO2 uptake appeared in April or May for wheat and mid-August for maize. During the main growing seasons of winter wheat and summer maize, NEE was controlled by GPP which was chiefly influenced by PAR and LAI. Rec reached its annual maximum in July when Rec and GPP contributed to NEE equally. NEE was dominated by Rec in other months and temperature became a key factor controlling NEE. Total NEE for the wheat field was -77.6 and -152.2 gC·m-2·a-1 in years 2002-2003 and 2003-2004, respectively, and -120.1 and -165.6 gC·m-2·a-1 in 2003 and 2004 for the maize field, respectively. The cropland of North China Plain was a carbon sink, with annual -197.6 and -317.9 gC·m-2·a-1 in years 2002-2003 and 2003-2004, respectively. After considering the carbon in grains, the cropland became a carbon source, which was 340.5 and 107.5 gC·m-2·a-1 in years 2002-2003 and 2003-2004, respectively. Affected by climate and filed managements, inter-annual carbon exchange varied largely in the wheat and maize rotation system of North China Plain.  相似文献   

安徽种子植物特有属的生物多样性及其保护   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙叶根 《山地学报》1998,(3)

论述了安徽种子植物特有属的物种组成多样性、生态类型多样性、空间分布格局多样性及其生态地理特性和区系特征,探讨了安徽与邻近地区中国种子植物特有属的地理联系及其重要地位,并对特有属的生物多样性保护与持续发展提出了具体对策．  相似文献   

Autotoxic potential of foliage on seed germination and early growth of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora)     

M.O.A. Warrag 《Journal of Arid Environments》1995,31(4)

  相似文献   

温度对夏玉米光合生产力影响的数值模拟研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

刘建栋  于强等 《应用气象学报》2002,13(4):397-405

利用美国Licor-6200便携式光合作用仪测定了夏玉米光合作用速率，给出了叶片光合作用模型，建立了夏玉米冠层光温生产力数值模式，阐明了日平均气温与冠层群体光合作用之间的相对确定性关系，并提出了光合等效温度的概念及计算方法。在此基础上，推导出温度对群体光合作用影响的函数表达式，使温度订正函数f (T)不再是简单的假设，而是建立在较为严格的理论基础之上，从而实现了光合模型的时间尺度转换，为更准确地建立生态动力模型及农业气候资源数值模型提供了前提条件。  相似文献   

土地利用方式对岩溶山地土壤种子库的影响   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李阳兵  魏朝富  李先源  谢德体 《山地学报》2002,20(3):319-324

本文从种类组成、种子数量、生态优势度、物种多样性、种子分布规律和物种相似性等方面比较了重庆市岩溶低山10种不同土地利用系统的土壤种子库特点，10种土地利用类型包括耕地、弃耕地、果园、灌草坡、人工林和次生林。结果表明，研究区种子以草本为主，随土利用强度增加，种子类和数量减少，与地面农田杂草相似性增加，土壤种子库出质和量方面的锐减。从土壤种子角度说明研究区生态退化严重。  相似文献   

Women and seed management: A study of two villages in Bangladesh     

Emily Oakley  Janet Henshall Momsen 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2007,28(1):90-106

Seed management has until recently been neglected in agrobiodiversity research. Gender dimensions in seed selection, processing, storage and exchange embody critical task areas in the human management of diverse crop species and varieties. This paper focuses on women's roles in seed management in field and homegarden crops in Bangladesh and reports on the findings of a study in two villages in Tangail District. Seventy-five women were surveyed with a questionnaire and subsets interviewed in-depth; focus groups conducted for women and men provided a means of cross-checking responses. Three distinct areas of agrobiodiversity were addressed: the gendered divisions of labour among agricultural tasks; the pervasiveness of seed saving among respondents; and seed management practices and techniques. The results indicate that while men have greater authority over field activities, homegarden production is the exclusive domain of women. Seed management is seen as an extension of women's domestic duties: women are responsible for all seed processing, storage and exchange for field as well as homegarden crops. The vast majority of seeds sown are saved on-farm by women, revealing important cultural, economic and environmental implications for agrobiodiversity conservation and local differences.  相似文献   

准噶尔无叶豆地理种群种子萌发特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马文宝  张道远  尹林克 《干旱区地理》2007,30(5):674-679

准噶尔无叶豆种子具有明显的地理种群大小变异的现象。对大、小种子在3种光照(持续光照,12/12小时光照/黑暗,全黑暗)、5个温度梯度(10℃,15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃)条件下的最适萌发条件进行研究,结果表明:大、小种子萌发的适宜光照条件均为12/12小时光照/黑暗,在持续黑暗与持续光照条件下的萌发率无显著差异;最适温度范围是20~25℃,大种子在20℃、25℃下的萌发率(>85%),萌发指数均显著高于相同温度条件下小种子的萌发率(<35%)和萌发指数。大种子存在种皮硬实所导致的物理性被迫休眠,而小种子除物理性休眠外,可能还存在其他形式的深度生理休眠。准噶尔无叶豆自然状态下萌发率极低(≤3%),经综合分析,认为种子硬实和深度生理休眠可能是自然状态下种子萌发的困难主要因素,而土壤的光照、温度及湿度不存在明显的对种子萌发的限制。  相似文献   

Characteristics and dynamics of the soil seed bank at the north edge of Taklimakan Desert   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

LI Ning  FENG Gu  TIAN ChangYan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(Z1):122-127

In order to understand the potential of revegetation of halophytic community at the north edge of Taklimakan Desert, the species structure, storage capacity, the vertical distribution pattern and seasonal dynamics of soil seed bank and their interrelationship with community structure of above-ground plants were investigated. The results show that (i) 9 species were identified from seed bank in different seasons indicating that plant composition in this area was simple. (ii) The seed density in soil was 222±10.79 grain/m2 on average, and showed a seasonal variation range from 132±8.16 grain/m2 in summer to 303±12.70 grain/m2 in autumn. (iii) The similarity coefficient between soil seed bank and above-ground vegetation was 0.778. (iv) Vertically, seed densities declined with soil depth. 82.4% of total seeds were found in the top 3 cm of soil profile. No active seeds were found in soil profile below 6 cm. It is concluded that the seed bank at the north edge of Taklimakan Desert contains active seeds of all plant species observed on above ground, and is able to supply potential contribution to reconstruction of vegetation.  相似文献