基于改进RANSAC算法的复杂建筑物屋顶点云分割     

刘亚坤  李永强  刘会云  孙渡  赵上斌 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(8):1497-1507

屋顶模型重建影响到建筑物完整模型重建质量,屋顶面点云分割质量对屋顶模型重建具有重要意义。针对传统RANSAC算法在屋顶点云面片分割时易产生错分割、过分割等问题,本文顾及点云位置信息,提出一种对点云重新分配的改进RANSAC点云分割算法。算法暂时剔除非平面内点,选取平面内点集中3个点作为初始样本,平面拟合判定邻域是否有效,从有效邻域中选取标准差值最小的3个点为初始模型。利用RANSAC算法对屋顶点云进行分割。利用K近邻算法统计误分类点与面片的距离降低误分类,优化过分割面片并进行连通性分析,利用距离及法向量一致性检验的方法重分配非平面内点。为验证本文算法有效性,选取芬兰Helsinki地区的3栋相互独立的复杂建筑物屋顶以及上海某小区的6栋建筑物群屋顶作为实验数据。在2组数据中,本文提出的改进RANSAC算法分割屋顶面片的平均准确率分别为92.17%、87.82%,78%的建筑物屋顶不存在过分割。在第2组数据中,所有分割面片上的点与其对应的最佳拟合平面的距离的标准差的平均值为0.030 m。实验结果表明,本文算法分割建筑物屋顶面片的准确率较高,较好的抑制了过分割现象,且抗噪能力强。  相似文献   

硅藻土、石英砂和钾离子促进微生物转化酸性矿山废水中亚铁成次生矿物的研究     

王敏  周立祥 《岩石矿物学杂志》2011,30(6):1031-1038

嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)能够在低pH值条件下,迅速将Fe2+氧化并产生大量次生羟基硫酸铁沉淀,从而除去水中可溶性Fe2+。这为富含Fe2+的酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage,AMD)处理提供了新的思路。本文从晶种刺激和阳离子诱导两个方面,分别研究了固定化载体(硅藻土、石英砂)和具有强诱导能力的成矾离子(K+)对微生物转化酸性体系中Fe2+成次生矿物的影响。结果表明,3种材料均有明显促进可溶性Fe2+向次生矿物转化的作用,且总铁(TFe)沉淀率与3种材料的添加量呈正相关关系。在起始Fe2+浓度为160mmol/L,硅藻土、石英砂和钾离子最大添加量分别为10 g、10 g和80 mmol/L时,经过72 h反应后,TFe沉淀率分别比对照增加了8%、24%和20%。矿物中的Fe、K和S元素含量与溶液中的起始K+浓度有非常密切的关系,随着K+浓度的增大,矿物中的K和S含量逐渐增加,而Fe含量则相应减少。  相似文献   

地震波形状描述技术及其在地震相分析中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

姚爽  阎建国  李雪峰  赵洲  朱强  程谦 《物探化探计算技术》2011,33(1):24-29,118

地震波的波形变化及其分布规律,是重要的地震参数之一。对地震波形中包含的地质信息加以分析和应用,将有利于提高储层预测,油藏描述精度和钻探成功率。以波形的形状进行分类,并进行地震相和沉积相分析,是目前应用较为广泛的一类地震属性分析的方法技术。在这类技术中,其核心是波形的形状描述和刻画技术。这里以Stratimagic软件为例,通过对构成地震波形状的主要参数（振幅、相位、频率）对其波形状变化影响的细致分析和比较,总结出了可以利用地震波的形状变化规律及形状描述方法,探讨了依据该波形形状分类在地震相分析中的效果和意义。  相似文献   

Invasive potential of the winter grass Schismus barbatus during the winter season of a predominantly summer-rainfall desert in Central-Northern Monte     

E. PuchetaA.G. Rolhauser  L. Quevedo-Robledo 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(4):390-393

Biological invasions are a major threat for natural ecosystems. Deserts are characterized by their scarce, highly variable rainfall and thus considerably susceptible to invasions, especially by annual plants that can quickly capitalize sporadic rainfall events. In this study we evaluated the potential of an invasive winter-annual species native to the Mediterranean region (Schismus barbatus) to invade a summer-rainfall desert in the Central-Northern Monte Phytogeographical Province, Argentina, where the native annual flora is mainly composed of summer species. We recorded the number of germinated seeds from soil samples collected in four seasons (during one year) coinciding with four important life-stages of Schismus (pre-germination, post-germination I and II and post-dispersal), and contrasted our results with data obtained from the literature. Almost 33,000 Schismus seeds were estimated to germinate per m², and about 90% percent of them germinated from samples collected in the pre-germination stage. Compared to deserts in USA and Australia, where Schismus has been a successful invader, the density of germinated seeds we observed was especially high even though the amount of rainfall for the vegetative period of Schismus was considerable lower. Our results suggest that S. barbatus has a great invasive potential in the Central-Northern Monte. The low number of annual plant populations that are able to compete for highly variable cool-season rains may be a key feature determining the invasibility of these deserts during the winter.  相似文献   

准噶尔无叶豆土壤种子库特征及其对种子萌发的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

施翔  张道远  王建成  刘会良  潘伯荣 《中国沙漠》2011,30(4):968-973

 准噶尔无叶豆(Eremosparton songoricum (Litv.) Vass.)是中亚荒漠特有种,中国的单属种植物类群,稀有种,仅片段化分布在古尔班通古特沙漠风蚀坡地及流动-半流动沙丘上。按照不同微地形条件,于2008年9月、2009年的4月及6月分别对两个自然种群8种微地形条件(A种群为积沙灌丛下、积沙平缓处、风蚀灌丛下和风蚀平缓处4种; B种群为沙丘上部、中部、下部及底部4种)进行土壤种子库取样,并统计萌发季节的自然种群萌发率,同时对比室内萌发率,以研究土壤种子库的时空分布特征及其对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,从9月至次年4月和6月,种群种子库密度逐渐减少。自然状态下沙埋深度0—6 cm的种子能够萌发,主要萌发季节(4月)A种群有42%~73.56%的种子、B种群有63.33%~72.73%的种子分布在沙土6 cm以下的深度,为“无效种子”。A种群积沙灌丛下种子库密度值最大,但萌发季节的自然种群萌发率为0; B种群的沙丘下部种子库密度较大,但自然种群萌发率仅为4.8%±0.8%。不同微地形条件下沙粒打磨作用(去除种子硬实)和水分条件的差异,是微地形间种子萌发率差异的主要原因。本研究从土壤种子库角度解析自然种群有性更新困难的原因,为该稀有物种的保育提供理论依据。  相似文献   

晚二叠世种籽化石—新属种的发掘与建立     

陈其奭  朱德寿 《浙江国土资源》1994,(2)

本文根据桐庐县瑶琳镇和平村上二叠统雾林山组（相当于龙潭组）剖面第⑨层中发现的一种奇待的种子化石，经标本描述鉴定，确认其为种子化石的新属种，而建立的奇丽桐庐籽（新属、新种）Tonglucarpusspectabilisgen.etsp.nov,归于晚二叠世。  相似文献   

STRATEGY OF MAIZE'S CONCENTRATING TO ADVANTAGE AREAS IN JILIN PROVINCE   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

JIANG Hui-ming  GU Li-li 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(4)

Jilin Province is one of the main grain-producing provinces of China, which has dominant position in maize production, by the view of its advantages in policy, location, breed and market. And after entering WTO,some measures have been taken to enhance maize competitive ability. But there are some difficulties in concentrating production to maize advantaged areas. This paper expounds the basis that Jilin Province becomes the advantage area of maize, analyzes the problems and puts forward the supporting policy. Some strategic measures are proposed,as developing comparable advantages, carrying out the strategy of un-equilibrium development and cultivating advantaged product areas of maize to rapidly improve the international competitive ability and productivity of maize in Jilin Province, cast the agricultural predicament off and promote the agricultural development into a new stage.  相似文献   

基于GIS技术的洪水淹没区确定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘小生  陈英俊  黄玉生 《测绘科学》2007,32(5):136-137

为了模拟洪水灾害发生、发展过程,制定科学的抢险方案,从而减少洪水灾害造成的损失。作者基于地理信息系统技术,在ArcGIS9.1平台上,首先建立了不规则三角网(TIN)模型,其次基于计算机图形学的种子蔓延算法,用VC.net语言开发了一个控件,实现了洪水淹没区范围确定,最后把它应用于鄱阳湖地区防汛抗洪地理信息中,取得了良好的效果。  相似文献   

华北平原玉米播种期和品种变化对冠层温度的影响及地表生物物理机理     

刘凤山  葛全胜  陶福禄  蔡杨星  卜建超  白妮妮 《地理科学进展》2022,41(4):682-692

通过改变陆—气界面的地表水热交换,农田管理变化是气候变化的重要反馈过程之一。华北平原玉米的播种期和有效积温发生了规律性变化,改变了叶面积指数(LAI)、地表反照率(α)、净辐射(R_n)、潜热(LH)和冠层温度(T_c)等,成为区域气候变化的重要反馈过程。论文利用SiBcrop模型模拟3种玉米情景(春玉米、夏玉米、潜在玉米)下的LAI、α、R_n、LH和T_c的季节动态。结果表明,春玉米具有早播种、早收获、早LAI峰值的特征;夏玉米具有晚播种、晚收获、晚LAI峰值的特征;潜在玉米具有早播种、晚收获、高LAI的特征。模拟情景之间LAI差异为±2.5 m²·m^-2;T_c差异为±0.5 ℃。地表反照率(α)和地表能量分配是决定情景之间T_c差异的决定因素,播种期推迟,以α升高的降温效应为主;有效积温增加,以LH分配增多的降温效应为主。春玉米具有最高的冠层温度,夏玉米和潜在玉米的冠层温度较低且差异很小。研究结果对于促进农田土地管理变化适应和缓解区域气候变化具有一定意义。  相似文献   

Seed and Fruiting Phenology Plasticity and Offspring Seed Germination Rate in Two Asteraceae Herbs Growing in Karst Soils with Varying Thickness and Water Availability     

LIU Junting  LI Suhui  SONG Haiyan  LEI Ying  CHEN Jinyi  WANG Jiamin  GUO Xuman  LIU Jinchun 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(2):319-327

Shallow soil with low water availability is the key limiting factor for plant growth and reproduction in vulnerable karst regions. Annual herbs are pioneers adapted to these areas; however, little is known about the responses of their seeds and infructescence, and the germination of their offspring to these limited water and soil resources. In this study, we investigated how the seed and fruiting phenology plasticity and offspring seed germination rates of two annual Asteraceae herbs (Xanthium sibiricum and Bidens pilosa) respond to the harsh karst soil environment, by assessing the seed number, seed biomass and offspring seed germination rate. X. sibiricum and B. pilosa were grown under three soil thicknesses and three water availability levels in a full two-way randomized block design. The key results were as follows: (1) The number and biomass of progenies (infructescence and seeds) of X. sibiricum decreased with the decline of soil thickness and/or water availability (P <0.05). The infructescence and seed biomass of B. pilosa increased with the decline of water availability. (2) Seed quantity and seed biomass of X. sibiricum showed no correlation after their parents experienced resource reductions. A significant positive relationship between seed number and seed biomass was observed in B. pilosa (P <0.05). (3) The offspring seed germination rate of X. sibiricum did not change with the decrease of soil thickness under three levels of water treatment. However, the offspring seed germination rate of B. pilosa decreased significantly with the decrease of soil thickness under the control water level (P<0.05). The results show that X. sibiricum tends to improve its competitiveness by ensuring the quantity and quality of offspring in order to adapt to the shallow karst soils and dry karst habitats. In contrast, B. pilosa adapts to the unfavorable karst habitats by a risk-sharing strategy. B. pilosa produces more and bigger seeds to in an attempt to expand its survival range and escape from the unfavorable living environment, but this results in a lower seed number and germination rate of its progeny under the karst soil resource reduction.  相似文献