River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall     

Brent M. Troutman  Thomas M. Over   《Advances in water resources》2001,24(9-10)

An important problem in hydrologic science is understanding how river flow is influenced by rainfall properties and drainage basin characteristics. In this paper we consider one approach, the use of mass exponents, in examining the relation of river flow to rainfall and the channel network, which provides the primary conduit for transport of water to the outlet in a large basin. Mass exponents, which characterize the power-law behavior of moments as a function of scale, are ideally suited for defining scaling behavior of processes that exhibit a high degree of variability or intermittency. The main result in this paper is an expression relating the mass exponent of flow resulting from an instantaneous burst of rainfall to the mass exponents of spatial rainfall and that of the network width function. Spatial rainfall is modeled as a random multiplicative cascade and the channel network as a recursive replacement tree; these fractal models reproduce certain types of self-similar behavior seen in actual rainfall and networks. It is shown that under these modeling assumptions the scaling behavior of flow mirrors that of rainfall if rainfall is highly variable in space, and on the other hand flow mirrors the structure of the network if rainfall is not so highly variable.  相似文献   

用地层倾角测井资料解释复杂构造的方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

简晓明  王冠贵 《现代地质》1996,10(2):286-292

倾角测井矢量图可以标示出井眼范围内各深度点的地层产状，一定的地层构造形态在矢量图上有一定的倾角矢量组合模式。通过正演计算，总结出了１９种褶曲和断层等构造组合模式的样板及在一口井内各构造模式间的“串”、“缺”、“嵌”连接规律。对照组合模式样板进行矢量组合模式识别，采用“倾角矢量逐点叠加法”，可把井眼范围纵向排列的倾角矢量转换成任意方位的地层视产状，绘制构造剖面图。用多个剖面的地层空间坐标数据可绘制倾角构造平面图，确定钻遇构造的形态。据此原理，编制了一套倾角测井构造解释软件系统。  相似文献   

建立涌水量曲线方程的最小残差法     

鲍新华 《吉林地质》1992,(3)

本文在综述了目前稳定流涌水量经验方程建立方法的基础上,根据最小二乘法原理,提出了一种新的方法—最小残差法,并给出了计算实例。计算表明,最小残差法是建立稳定法涌水量经验方程的一种较好方法,计算过程在微机上易于实现。  相似文献   

横向受荷桩的最轻重量设计     

朱永华  高晓望 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1995,(2)

尝试建立变截面桩的挠曲线微分方程，继而提出了变截面优化桩的概念，并给出了端承桩的一种优化算法。还以圆截面大孔径挖孔灌注桩为例，在桩顶受竖向荷载、水平横向力及弯矩作用时，进行了最轻重量设计。通过计算表明，使用变截面优化桩可使桩的体积减少３０％以上。  相似文献   

Flood-type trend analysis for alpine catchments     

Anna E. Sikorska-Senoner  Jan Seibert 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(8):1281-1299

ABSTRACT

In many places, magnitudes and frequencies of floods are expected to increase due to climate change. To understand these changes better, trend analyses of historical data are helpful. However, traditional trend analyses do not address issues related to shifts in the relative contributions of rainfall versus snowmelt floods, or in the frequency of a particular flood type. We present a novel approach for quantifying such trends in time series of floods using a fuzzy decision tree for event classification and applied it to maximal annual and seasonal floods in 27 alpine catchments for the period 1980–2014. Trends in flood types were studied with Sen’s slope and double mass curves. Our results reveal a decreasing number of rain-on-snow and an increasing number of short rainfall events in all catchments, with flash floods increasing in smaller catchments. Overall, the results demonstrate the value of incorporating a fuzzy flood-type classification into flood trend analyses.  相似文献   

Analyzing multi-year rice-fallow dynamics in Odisha using multi-temporal Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-1 Data     

Parvesh Kumar Chandna  Saptarshi Mondal 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(4):431-449

ABSTRACT

Sustainable intensification of existing cropland is one of the most viable options for meeting the escalating food demands of the ever-increasing population in the world. Accurate geospatial data about the potential single-crop (rice-fallows) areas is vital for policymakers to target the agro-technologies for enhancing crop productivity and intensification. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate and understand the dynamics of rice-fallows in the Odisha state of India, using SAR (Sentinel-1) and Optical (Landsat OLI) datasets. This study utilized a decision-tree approach and Principal component analysis (PCA) for the segmentation and separation of different vegetation classes. The estimated overall accuracy of extracted rice-fallow maps was in the range of 84 to 85 percent. The study identified about 2.2, 2.0 and 2.1mha of Rice-Fallows in the years 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18, respectively. The combined analysis (all three years) of rice-fallow maps identified about 1.34mha of permanent rice-fallows, whereas the remaining 0.6–0.8mha area was under the current-fallow category. About 50% of the total permanent rice-fallows were detected in the rainfed areas of Mayurbhanj, Bhadrak, Bolangir, Sundargarh, Keonjhar, Baleswar, Nawarangpur and Bargarh districts. The study also illustrated the time-series profiles of SMAP (soil moisture) datasets for the ten agroclimatic zones of the Odisha, which can be utilized (along with rice-fallow maps) for the selection of crop and cultivars (e.g. short or medium duration pulses or oilseeds) to target the rice fallows. The approach utilized in the current study can be scaled up in similar areas of South and South-east Asia and Africa to identify single-crop areas for targeting improved technologies for enhanced crop productivity and intensification.  相似文献   

对"工业指标"制定及应用的探讨          下载免费PDF全文

李会民 《地质找矿论丛》2003,18(Z1):108-109

工业指标的"多年一贯制"不利于合理充分地利用矿产资源,文章提出适合经济规律的工业指标制定办法,建议地质技术人员按照矿山年总成本和矿产品市场价格及时修正工业指标,以便使项目上马决策趋于正确.  相似文献   

Glacier development and topographic context     

J. I. Lpez‐Moreno  D. Nogus‐Bravo  J. Chueca‐Cía  A. Julin‐Andrs 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(12):1585-1594

This paper analyses the topographic context of the remaining glaciated areas in the Maladeta Massif (Central Spanish Pyrenees). These ice‐covered surfaces have been incorporated into a geographic information system (GIS) in an attempt at correlating the presence of ice with a range of topographic variables obtained from a digital elevation model. The use of generalized additive models and binary regression tree models enabled us (i) to quantify the spatial variability in the distribution of glaciers attributable to characteristics of the local terrain, (ii) to investigate the interaction between the variables that account for the ice cover distribution and (iii) to map the probability of glacier development. Our results show that although the development of glaciers depends on regional climate conditions, the topographic context is of paramount importance in determining the location, extent, shape and recent evolution of each glacial body. Thus, the joint effect of altitude, exposure to incoming solar radiation, slope and mean curvature is able to explain more than 70 per cent of the observed variance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于决策树的多光谱影像分类研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

林丽群  舒宁 《测绘信息与工程》2006,31(5):1-3

采用了辅以纹理特征的决策树方法进行分类,探讨了决策树在遥感数据分类方面的优势,提高了遥感影像的分类精度。  相似文献   

最小生成树相位解缠中冗余去除算法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨磊  赵拥军  王志刚 《遥感学报》2006,10(6):879-884

目前，相位解缠的方法中以Goldstein提出的枝切法最为经典，它通过枝切线将残差点相互连接使得残差点电荷中和，在相位展开处理的积分中，积分路径不能穿过分支，从而限制误差的传播。但是由于枝切线连接策略的不合理，往往造成连成的枝切线过多、过长，甚至多条枝切线形成闭合区域，造成不能解缠的“死区”，特别是在残差点较多的情况，这种现象更为严重。本文在最小生成树原理的基础上，提出的枝切线冗余去除算法能简单、准确地去除枝切树中的冗余，并保证了相位解缠具有最好的效果。  相似文献