基于Parsivel天气现象仪资料的郑州“7·20”罕见特大暴雨微物理特征分析     

周丹  周淑玲  田金华 《气象与环境科学》2022,45(1):93-101

基于2016-2018年ECMWF模式温度预报和浙江省72个国家基本站观测资料,根据温度日变化特征,采用K-近邻(KNN)回归算法进行误差订正,改进浙江省172 h精细化温度预报。在KNN回归算法中,将模式起报时刻的温度视作“背景”,由模式预报减去起报时刻温度消除“背景”影响,得到温度日变化曲线,通过温度日变化曲线构建差异指标,选取历史相似个例。根据历史相似个例的误差特征,对温度预报进行订正,得到改进的温度预报。检验结果表明,KNN方案的温度预报平均绝对误差较ECMWF和30 d滑动平均误差订正方案(OCF)的分别减小26.2%和5.2%;日最高和最低温度预报误差绝对值小于2℃,准确率较ECMWF的分别提高14.8%和4.3%,较OCF的分别提高3.0%和1.3%。KNN方案对地形复杂地区的温度预报改进效果更为明显,对冷空气活动和夏季高温等天气过程预报改善效果也较稳定。  相似文献   

面向对象的高分辨率影像特征选择研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张俊  于庆国  朱晓东  刘恺 《测绘科学》2011,36(3):141-143

本文主要研究面向对象的高分辨影像信息提取中的特征选择问题.文中分别选择光谱、纹理、形状等特征57个和28个进行特征优化,得到两组分别由46个和4个特征组成的不同的最优特征集,并利用这些特征集采用K近邻、模糊与K近邻级联两种不同的面向对象分类策略进行分类研究.最后从合理性、效率和精度三方面进行了对比分析.实验结果表明,对...  相似文献   

储层流动单元研究在油田老区挖潜中的应用——以吉林油田乾146区块开发为例     

苗长盛  董清水  张旗  崔大勇  许圣传  王敏雪 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(1):39-45

吉林油田乾146区块经多年开采,已经进入高含水、高采出阶段。通过储层流动单元研究,运用多参数模糊聚类方法将该区高台子油层由好至差划分为A、B、C、D、E 5类储层流动单元。查明了区内主要目的层系各含油小层的储层流动单元发育特征:40、39小层主要发育A、B类优质储层流动单元,42、41、38小层则以C、D、E类储层流动单元为主,各小层储层流动单元类型及展布与初始产能吻合度较高,表明储层流动单元类型的差异是控制本区油气分布的重要因素之一。综合油藏地质特征及油田开发动态数据,对各储层流动单元的注采渗流体系进行了深入剖析,归纳总结出乾146区块高台子油层XII砂组中剩余油分布的5条规律,据此在剩余油分布预测区部署了1口扩边井和2口老区加密井,投产后分别获得了11.2t/d、5.5t/d和8.6t/d的初始产能。  相似文献   

Effect of coherent noise on single-station direction of arrival estimation     

Stewart Alan Greenhalgh  Bing Zhou  Matthew Rutty 《Journal of Seismology》2008,12(3):377-385

Polarization analysis of multi-component seismic data is used in both exploration seismology and earthquake seismology. In single-station polarization processing, it is generally assumed that any noise present in the window of analysis is incoherent, i.e., does not correlate between components. This assumption is often violated in practice because several overlapping seismic events may be present in the data. The additional arrival(s) to that of interest can be viewed as coherent noise. This paper quantifies the error because of coherent noise interference. We first give a general theoretical analysis of the problem. A simple mathematical wavelet is then used to obtain a closed-form solution to the principal direction estimated for a transient incident signal superposed with a time-shifted, unequal amplitude version of itself, arriving at an arbitrary angle to the first wavelet. The effects of relative amplitude, arrival angle, and the time delay of the two wavelets on directional estimates are investigated. Even for small differences in angle of arrival, there may be significant error (>10°) in the azimuth estimate.  相似文献   

The spatial ecology of deer–vehicle collisions     

Rusty A. Gonser  Ryan R. Jensen  Samuel E. Wolf 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2009,29(4):527-532

Deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs) are a constant problem in North America that cost millions of dollars of damage and loss of human life. This study investigated the spatial relationship of DVCs for a county in western Indiana using nearest neighbor analysis, chi-square test of independence, and a landscape metric: the percentage of like adjacencies. The study was able to show that DVCs are not randomly located, and that habitat type and structure may play an important role in the location of DVCs.  相似文献   

Delineation of geological facies from poorly differentiated data     

Brendt Wohlberg  Daniel M. Tartakovsky 《Advances in water resources》2009

The ability to delineate geologic facies and to estimate their properties from sparse data is essential for modeling physical and biochemical processes occurring in the subsurface. If such data are poorly differentiated, this challenging task is complicated further by the absence of a clear distinction between different hydrofacies at locations where data are   available. We consider three alternative approaches for analysis of poorly differentiated data: a k$k$-means clustering algorithm, an expectation–maximization algorithm, and a minimum-variance algorithm. Two distinct synthetically generated geological settings are used to analyze the ability of these algorithms to assign accurately the membership of such data in a given geologic facies. On average, the minimum-variance algorithm provides a more robust performance than its two counterparts, and when combined with a nearest neighbor algorithm, it also yields the most accurate reconstruction of the boundaries between the facies.  相似文献   

Sinkhole hazard assessment in Minnesota using a decision tree model     

Yongli Gao  E. Calvin AlexanderJr 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(5):945-956

An understanding of what influences sinkhole formation and the ability to accurately predict sinkhole hazards is critical to environmental management efforts in the karst lands of southeastern Minnesota. Based on the distribution of distances to the nearest sinkhole, sinkhole density, bedrock geology and depth to bedrock in southeastern Minnesota and northwestern Iowa, a decision tree model has been developed to construct maps of sinkhole probability in Minnesota. The decision tree model was converted as cartographic models and implemented in ArcGIS to create a preliminary sinkhole probability map in Goodhue, Wabasha, Olmsted, Fillmore, and Mower Counties. This model quantifies bedrock geology, depth to bedrock, sinkhole density, and neighborhood effects in southeastern Minnesota but excludes potential controlling factors such as structural control, topographic settings, human activities and land-use. The sinkhole probability map needs to be verified and updated as more sinkholes are mapped and more information about sinkhole formation is obtained.  相似文献   

核密度法的南京苏果超市分布热点探测     

吴嘉逸  席唱白  苑振宇  芮一康  王结臣 《测绘科学》2017,42(11)

针对超市经营者进行选址优化和空间配置问题,该文以南京市主城区内苏果超市为例,利用平面核密度方法,对城市内零售超市的空间结构与分布模式进行分析,系统地研究不同类型超市的空间分布特征并进行热点区域的探测。研究表明,热点区域的探测结果符合商业网点分布的一般规律,南京主城区内不同类型苏果超市的空间分布表现出较大的空间区域分异:购物广场的热点分布于中心城区外围的次一级中心,社区店和标准超市的热点分布于居住区,便利店的热点大多分布于人口密集区域。  相似文献   

灰度直方图与K-最近邻的影像分割算法     

杨帆  郭建华  谭海  王竞雪 《测绘科学》2017,42(3)

针对灰度直方图在影像分类时需要考虑阈值和K-最近邻分类算法分类效率低等问题,提出了一种基于灰度直方图与KNN相结合的影像分割算法:首先对待分割的影像进行灰度直方图统计;其次利用灰度直方图对影像进行硬阈值的划分,得到已知类别样本和未标记样本;然后选择一定数量已知类别的样本对KNN分类器进行训练;最后利用KNN分类器对未标记样本进行类别划分,得到最终分割图像。实验结果表明,该算法结合了灰度直方图高效性和KNN高精度的优势,避免了直方图分割最佳阈值的选取;与传统的KNN算法相比,本文算法大大提高了分类效率,且精度相当,满足实际生产应用的需求。  相似文献   

铬铁矿中的次近邻效应     

李哲  金明芝 《矿物学报》1990,10(2):186-191

本文使用穆斯堡尔效应对三个铬铁矿进行了研究,测量了铬铁矿L-1在150K和298K温度下的穆斯堡尔谱和铬铁矿L-2和L-3在298K温度下的谱。使用次近邻效应解释了铬铁矿中的多重Fe~(2+)双峰,并使用二项式分布计算了Cr~(3+)、Fe~(3+)和Al占据次近邻位置的几率。在穆斯堡尔面积和二项式分布计算的基础上做出了Fe~(2+)双峰的指派。铬铁矿L-1谱在150K下进一步分裂,表明用来解释铬铁矿谱的模型是正确的。  相似文献