E) Organisations non Gouvernementales / Non Governmental Organizations     

Dr. HUGO BOYKO 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):163-164

SUMMARY

The evaporation tank consists of a square pan with a flat base, 2 metres long and 0, 7 metre deep, set into the ground with the rim 0, 1 metre above, and connected to a well on which is installed a limnigraph. This limnigraph records continuously fluctuations of the free water surface.

The recordings show that a large amount of water can be evaporated during rainfall. This phenomenon is specific at every evaporation tank with a free water surface. It is only during the dry intervals that a strong correlation can be established between the evaporation measured in the tank and the potential evapotranspiration of the surrounding natural surfaces. In order to locate the dry intervals and to measure the evaporation only during these intervals, it is necessary to use an apparatus provided with a continuous recording mechanism  相似文献   

Seasonal macrophyte growth constrains extent,but improves quality,of cold-water habitat in a spring-fed river     

Andrew L. Nichols  Robert A. Lusardi  Ann D. Willis 《水文研究》2020,34(7):1587-1597

Rooted aquatic macrophytes affect abiotic conditions in low-gradient rivers by altering channel hydraulics, consuming biologically available nutrients, controlling sediment transport and deposition, and shading the water surface. Due to seasonal macrophyte growth and senescence, the magnitude of these effects may vary temporally. Seasonal changes in aquatic macrophyte biomass, channel roughness and flow velocity, were quantified and trends were related to spatiotemporal patterns in water temperature in a low-gradient, spring-fed river downstream from high-volume, constant-temperature groundwater springs. Between spring and summer, a nearly threefold increase in macrophyte biomass was positively correlated with channel roughness and inversely related to flow velocity. On average, flow velocity declined by 34% during the study period, and channel roughness increased 63% (from 0.064 to 0.104). During the spring and fall period, the location of a minimum water temperature variability “node” migrated upstream more than 4 km, whereas daily maximum water temperature cooled by 2–3°C. Water temperature modelling shows that the longitudinal extent of cold-water habitat was shortened due to increased channel roughness independent of seasonal surface water diversions. These results suggest that macrophyte growth mediates spatiotemporal patterns of water temperature, constraining available cold-water habitat while simultaneously improving its quality. Understanding complex spatial and temporal dynamics between macrophyte growth and water temperature is critical to developing regulatory standards reflective of naturally occurring variability and has important implications for the management and conservation of cold-water biota.  相似文献   

面板堆石坝垂直缝破坏下三维渗流场有限元模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈守开  严俊  李健铭 《岩土力学》2011,32(11):3473-3478

采用改进节点虚流量法求解无压稳定渗流场,并引入无厚度的裂缝模型对破坏的垂直缝渗流行为进行模拟,得到面板堆石坝裂缝渗流问题的有限元分析方法,并编制Fortran程序。以某混凝土面板堆石坝为例,计算了面板单一垂直缝破坏和多条垂直缝破坏条件下的三维渗流场,得到不同条件下渗流场的水头分布、浸润线以及渗漏量,系统分析了面板堆石坝在垂直缝破坏条件下的稳定渗流场规律和特点。结果表明,该方法能对渗流逸出点和浸润线进行准确定位,还能很好地模拟面板垂直缝破坏对坝区渗流场的影响,可以为面板堆石坝的接缝设计提供参考。  相似文献   

小波包变换中地震信号的结点序号到频带序号的转换算法          下载免费PDF全文

白泉  韩晶晶  康玉梅  边晶梅 《地震工程学报》2016,38(6):991-996

利用小波包变换对地震非平稳信号进行处理时,结点与频带之间存在"跳频"现象,基于小波包变换算法以及异或运算,对小波包树频带序号和结点序号的关系进行研究,明确信号子空间频带与小波包树结点的排列规律,同时提出一种从结点序号到频带序号的转换算法。基于MATLAB平台,以唐山(南北向)波为例,验证该算法的正确性。  相似文献   

扩展有限元法节点加强类型的确定     

余天堂  龚志伟 《岩土力学》2013,34(11):3284-3290

扩展有限元法的网格剖分不需要考虑裂纹的位置,但计算时需根据计算网格和裂纹位置关系确定加强节点和加强类型。一般根据加强单元类型确定加强节点和加强类型。确定加强单元类型,不仅要考虑裂纹位置,还要考虑单元形状。指出现有文献中只考虑裂纹位置根据节点水平集值判别加强单元类型的不足,提出相应的改进方法。对于复杂形状裂纹,采用水平集法确定加强单元类型并不方便;给出了一种确定加强单元类型、加强节点和加强类型的有效方法,即根据裂纹与单元边界交点数和裂纹拐点位置确定加强单元类型,然后根据加强单元类型确定加强节点及加强类型;给出了该方法详细的执行过程。算例分析表明了本文方法的正确性。  相似文献   

永安地震台信息节点维护与管理     

全建军  ;刘水莲  ;陈珊桦  ;张凯  ;刘礼诚  ;陈美梅 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,(3):253-258

以福建省地震局永安地震台为例,介绍基层地震台站信息节点及维护管理经验,为其他基层地震台站信息节点的稳定运行提供借鉴与参考。  相似文献   

基于B-L曲线的河-海划界研究          下载免费PDF全文

肖锐  蒋雪中 《海洋学研究》2017,35(3):42-53

入海河口是河流向海洋过渡的区域,作为海岸带的一部分,具有独特性与复杂性,基于岸线形态的海岸地貌学指标与众多河口参数具有密切的联系与影响,而以地形节点作为河-海划界方案具备可行性与可操作性。在河流中心线上某点处,定义河流宽度(B)和沿河流中心线到口门处距离(L)的B=f(L)函数来实现河-海划界的定量划分,并对不同类型河口使用该函数曲线寻找地形节点进行河-海划界。结果表明:沙坝或堵塞型河口其地形节点处的河流展宽速率在-0.5~0之间;河道状河口及河网状三角洲其地形节点处的河流展宽速率在0.5~1.2之间;河口湾型河口的地形节点处的河流展宽速率在0.6~1.5之间;喇叭形三角洲河口其地形节点处的河流展宽速率在1.3~4.5之间;鸟足状三角洲和扇形三角洲的入海河口段的河流展宽速率在0~0.2之间,建议以口门处作为地形节点。应用此方法对我国大陆入海河流进行河-海划界,并进行中国大陆河口岸线长度量算,取得良好效果。  相似文献   

临汾中心地震台信息节点维护     

郭林旺  蒋晓山  黄金刚  杨世英  郭国祥 《地震地磁观测与研究》2015,(3)

介绍临汾中心地震台信息节点概况和运行管理策略,并对台站信息节点典型应用进行总结,对网络结构相对复杂的其他地震台站信息节点改造、运行、维护、应用,具有一定参考价值。  相似文献   

Earth Tides and Lense–Thirring Effect     

Lorenzo Iorio 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2001,79(3):201-230

The general relativistic Lense—Thirring effect can be measured by inspecting a suitable combination of the orbital residuals of the nodes of LAGEOS and LAGEOS II and the perigee of LAGEOS II. The solid and ocean Earth tides affect the recovery of the parameter by means of which the gravitomagnetic signal is accounted for in the combined residuals. Thus an extensive analysis of the perturbations induced on these orbital elements by the solid and ocean Earth tides is carried out. It involves the l=2 terms for the solid tides and the l=2,3,4 terms for the ocean tides. The perigee of LAGEOS II turns out to be very sensitive to the l=3 part of the ocean tidal spectrum, contrary to the nodes of LAGEOS and LAGEOS II. The uncertainty in the solid tidal perturbations, mainly due to the Love number k ₂, ranges from 0.4% to 1.5%, while the ocean tides are uncertain at 5–15% level. The obtained results are used in order to check in a preliminary way which tidal constituents the Lense-Thirring shift is sensitive to. In particular it is tested if the semisecular 18.6-year zonal tide really does not affect the combined residuals. It turns out that, if modeled at the level of accuracy worked out in the paper, the l=2,4 m=0 and also, to a lesser extent, the l=3, m=0 tidal perturbations cancel out.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The Impact of the Static Part of the Earth's Gravity Field on Some Tests of General Relativity with Satellite Laser Ranging     

Lorenzo Iorio 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2003,86(3):277-294

In this paper we calculate explicitly the classical secular precessions of the node and the perigee of an Earth artificial satellite induced by the even zonal harmonics of the static part of the geopotential up to degree l = 20. Subsequently, their systematic errors induced by the mismodelling in the even zonal spherical harmonics coefficients J _l are compared to the general relativistic secular gravitomagnetic and gravitoelectric precessions of the node and the perigee of the existing laser-ranged geodetic satellites and of the proposed LARES. The impact of the future terrestrial gravity models from CHAMP and GRACE missions is discussed as well. Preliminary estimates with the recently released EIGEN-1S gravity model including the first CHAMP data are presented.  相似文献