Relative influence of biotic and abiotic processes on travertine fabrics,Satono‐yu hot spring,Japan     

Fumito Shiraishi  Yuki Eno  Yuki Nakamura  Yusaku Hanzawa  Jiro Asada  Anelize Manuela Bahniuk 《Sedimentology》2019,66(2):459-479

The relative influences of biotic and abiotic processes on travertine fabrics are still not well understood, despite increasing interest in the last decade to better understand the record of ancient microbial life and sedimentary fabrics in microbial hydrocarbon reservoirs. This study examines travertines at Satono‐yu hot spring in Japan (the temperature of water flowing over the travertine was ca 35°C), to better understand the interaction between depositional, hydrochemical and microbial parameters at different flow settings. Characteristics of the bulk hydrochemistry, mineralogy (exclusively aragonite) and the driving force for precipitation (primarily abiotic CO₂ degassing with some photosynthetic microbial contribution) were similar among all of the flow settings. Conversely, the increase in flow velocity suppressed the influence of photosynthesis and enhanced the abiotic precipitation due to the thinner diffusive boundary layer at the travertine surface–water interface. Additionally, the increase in flow velocity changed the microbial composition and decreased the bacterial diversity by reflecting their adhesion efficiency on the travertine substrate. The acidity of the cyanobacterial sheaths controls the aragonite nucleation rate and the resulting calcification, even at significantly high equilibrium CO₂ partial pressure (ca 22 to 28 matm), high dissolved inorganic carbon concentration (ca 35 to 38 mmol l^?1), and elevated aragonite saturation state (ca 20‐fold to 34‐fold). Therefore, the increase in flow velocity suppresses the microbial influence with respect to the increase in the saturation state, the nucleation site supply and pore space generation. Overall, this results in the predominance of abiotic precipitation under high flow velocities. Consequently, a sparse‐micritic fabric with abundant interlamina porosity forms under lower flow velocity where the microbial influence is effective, while a dense‐sparitic fabric with little inter‐crystalline porosity forms under higher flow velocity where abiotic precipitation prevails. These findings provide an essential base for assessing the formation processes of ancient travertines and comparable deposits from petrological fabrics.  相似文献   

我国荒漠植被中的C4植物种类分布及其与气候的关系     

苏培玺  解婷婷  周紫鹃 《中国沙漠》2011,31(2):267-276

C4植物水分利用效率高于C3植物,CAM植物具有最高的水分利用效率。在我国荒漠地区,CAM植物稀少,C4植物,特别是C4木本植物在荒漠生态系统中具有重要地位和作用。我国荒漠地区有C4木本植物45种,包括半木本植物,占我国荒漠植物总种数的6%,集中在藜科和蓼科,分别为19种和26种。C4草本植物共计107种,其中单子叶植物48种,双子叶植物59种。C4木本植物主要分布在贺兰山以西的西北干旱荒漠区。C4草本植物的耐旱性和抗旱能力不如C4木本植物,主要分布在荒漠地区潜水埋深较浅,水分条件较好的区域,在绿洲边缘广泛分布。C4木本植物丰度与干旱紧密相关,C4草本植物丰度随湿润条件而增加。  相似文献   

岩溶区和非岩溶区玉米光合作用与锌含量和碳酸酐酶关系的对比研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨霄  刘再华  曹建华  张云鸽 《中国岩溶》2008,27(2):103-107

采用田间试验方法对比研究岩溶区和非岩溶区玉米叶片光合作用与锌含量和碳酸酐酶活性的关系, 结果表明: 岩溶区施加有机肥的土壤有效锌和玉米叶片锌含量均高于非岩溶区,岩溶区和非岩溶区的玉米叶片的锌含量分别为47. 85mg /kg 和43. 35 mg /kg ;岩溶区玉米叶片的碳酸酐酶活性和光合作用也高于非岩溶区,岩溶区的碳酸酐酶活性平均为5. 622U,非岩溶区的碳酸酐酶活性平均为3. 485U;碳酸酐酶活性随玉米叶片的锌含量增加而提高,而玉米光合作用效率随碳酸酐酶活性增加而提高,反映了土壤锌含量对玉米叶片锌含量、碳酸酐酶活性和光合作用的控制。   相似文献   

珍稀濒危植物半日花光合作用日动态变化的初步研究   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17  

谭会娟  周海燕  李新荣  张志山 《中国沙漠》2005,25(2):262-267

对半日花的光合生理生态特征的分析表明:在晴朗天气条件下,半日花的净光合速率曲线呈双峰型,在 9:00和15:00左右达到峰值。蒸腾速率日变化曲线呈单峰型,在 15:00 达到最大。数据分析表明:空气温度和气孔导度是半日花光合作用和蒸腾作用的主要影响因子。叶绿素荧光作用参数的日变化结果显示:半日花受中午强光和高温的影响发生光抑制,使PSⅡ系统发生可逆失活,产生光合"午休"现象。  相似文献   

不同初始pH下海水中重金属含量变化及其影响因素     

张际标  姚兼辉  刘加飞  林芳冰  陈春亮  孙省利 《广东海洋大学学报》2013,(3):65-70

为了解烟气脱硫酸性海水排放对天然海水中重金属的影响,设置初始pH(pH0)分别为5.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0等6个实验组,研究各组海水的pH、盐度、悬浮物以及Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb等重金属的变化规律。结果表明,随着实验的进行,各实验组水体的pH呈现开始升高、中期略降、后期趋稳的变化规律,且pH0越低,pH增加幅度越大;各实验组的悬浮物含量随pH的升高而增大,重金属含量和盐度均随pH的升高而降低。分析表明,藻类的光合作用是控制水体pH变化的主要过程,pH则是影响水体重金属含量的关键环境因子,符合pH越低、各重金属含量越高的普遍规律。因此,借助耐酸性藻类的光合作用提升水体pH,是减少烟气脱硫海水排放对天然海水中重金属的溶出、减轻重金属污染的可能途径。  相似文献   

光合作用的起源:一个引人入胜的重大科学命题          下载免费PDF全文

梅冥相  高金汉 《古地理学报》2015,17(5):577-592

光合作用的起源是一个非常古老的事件,对这个事件的证据,包括基本生物学过程的开启和发展之类的问题,如地球早期光合作用生物的属性以及光合作用生物如何获取光合作用装置等,可能已经消失在时间的长河之中;因此,光合作用起源就成为一个引人入胜的重大科学命题。尽管如此,地质学、生物地球化学、比较生物化学和分子进化分析,为光合作用起源及其复杂的进化历史,提供一些新认识和新线索,主要涉及到以下3个方面:(1)光合作用生命的起源;(2)光合作用装置的起源;(3)光合作用催化剂的起源。追索科学家们对这一重大科学命题的持续研究与艰苦努力,以及所取得的一些重要而且富有智慧的认识,将为今后的深入研究提供一些重要的思考途径和研究线索。同时,追逐光合作用起源的研究进展,对于深入了解早期地球复杂的圈层耦合过程也具有重要意义。这些作用过程主要包括:(1)从不生氧光合作用到生氧光合作用的转变;(2)大气圈与生物圈之间复杂的相互作用和协同进化;(3)生氧光合作用起源与进化所造成的、从一个缺氧的大气圈到今天含氧大气圈的复杂演变过程;(4)大气圈和水圈的渐进氧化作用对地球表面环境以及生命的起源和发育所造成的一个长时间影响;(5)早期地球表层古地理面貌的成型等。更为重要的是,对光合作用起源的地质学尤其是沉积学思考所得出的一些重要认识,尽管不是结论,但是拓宽了沉积学的研究范畴,开阔了沉积学家的研究视眼,同时也成为一个多学科协同作战的范例。  相似文献   

荒漠植物红砂在持续干旱胁迫下的光保护机制研究   总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3  

周生荟  刘玉冰  谭会娟  王进 《中国沙漠》2010,30(1):69-73

红砂（Reaumuria soogorica）是一种广泛分布于中国半荒漠地区的多年生半灌木,自然生境下具有很强的耐旱、耐高温和高辐射的能力。本实验在人为控制水分进行持续干旱胁迫的过程中,通过测定红砂的气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的日变化来研究红砂干旱胁迫下的光保护机制。结果表明,土壤相对含水量下降的过程中,红砂叶片水势也相应地下降;净光合速率（Pn）的日变化由‘双峰型’逐渐趋向‘单峰型’;水分利用效率（WUE）随着干旱程度的增加而升高,植物接近休眠时下降;净光合速率 (Pn)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率 (Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ非循环式电子传递效率(ΦPSⅡ)在中午都明显降低;干旱胁迫下初始荧光(F0)出现明显的升高,日变化趋势为先上升后下降。说明红砂在干旱期间,采取了依赖于叶黄素循环的热能耗散和PSⅡ反应中心可逆失活两种光抑制的保护机制来度过干旱维持生存。  相似文献   

Studies on photoprotective mechanism of desert plant Reaumuria soongorica under progressive soil drying     

YuBing Liu  MeiLing Liu  HuiJuan Tan  Jin Wang  ShengHui Zhou 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(3):0235-0240

Reaumuria soongorica (pall.) Maxim, a perennial desert semi-shrub, is widely found in semi-arid areas of China. It shows strong tolerance to drought, high temperature and intense radiation in its natural habitat. In the present study, photoprotective mechanism of R. soongorica was investigated by analyzing diurnal variations of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorecence parameters during progressive soil drying. The results show that leaf water potential of R. soongorica decreased when the soil water content dropped. Diurnal patterns of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) changed from "two peaks" to "one peak" under drought stress, and the leaf water use efficiency (WUE) increased under moderate drought and declined under severe drought. Pn , the primary maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the quantum efficiency of non-cyclic electron transport of PSII (ΦPSII) decreased obviously at noon, and showed a photoinhibition phenomenon. But, the non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence (NPQ) soon reached its maximum in the day and then remained almost at the high level until 17:00, indicating that the xanthophylls cycle-dependent thermal energy dissipation played an important role. Diurnal variations of the original chlorophyll fluorescence (Fo) increased at first and then decreased. The increased value of F o under drought stress indicates that there was a reversible inactivation of PSII reaction center. These results indicate that the photoprotective mechanism in R. soongorica was the photoinhibition by using both the xanthophylls cycle-dependent thermal energy dissipation and the reversible inactivation of PSII reaction center under drought stress.  相似文献   

云南白水台钙华池出入口水化学和δ13CDIC昼夜变化的影响因素及水生光合作用影响比例的计算   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

曾振宇  晏浩  孙海龙  刘再华 《中国岩溶》2016,35(6):605-613

钙华是岩溶区常见的次生化学沉积物,也是陆地气候环境信息的高分辨率载体之一。它的形成常常与水生植物有关,后者的新陈代谢过程可能会改变水中溶解无机碳(DIC)的同位素组成,进而影响钙华的碳同位素值。然而在古环境重建中,水生植物引起微环境变化所造成的影响常常被研究者忽视。本研究选取了白水台两个具有丰富沉水植物的钙华水池,对水池入口、出口的水化学和DIC的碳同位素组成(δ13CDIC)进行了高分辨率的昼夜观测和取样分析。结果显示,在低浓度DIC水体（S1-3）补给水池时,水池出口与入口之间的δ13CDIC的变化很小,主要反映的是出口δ13CDIC继承入口δ13CDIC,反映了滞后效应对水体δ13CDIC的控制;而在高浓度DIC水体（S1-1）补给水池时,水池出口与入口之间的δ13CDIC的变化主要受脱气作用控制。通过对水生光合作用影响比例的计算发现,由于库效应的存在,水生植物的光合作用对δ13CDIC的影响很小。   相似文献   

Overwintering of Vaccinium vitis-idaea in two sub-Arctic microhabitats: a reciprocal transplantation experiment     

Timo Saarinen  & Robin Lundell 《Polar research》2010,29(1):38-45

Northern plants have to cope with a wide range of overwintering conditions, as the depth and physical properties of snow show high spatial variation in the Arctic. The overwintering of lingonberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea ) was studied in a reciprocal transplantation experiment between two sub-Arctic microhabitats in northern Finland. The experiment was set up in the autumn, and physiological traits related to overwintering were measured at the time of snowmelt in the following spring. The origin of the plants was not a significant source of variation for most of the traits measured, whereas major differences were observed between the two sites. Plants that overwintered at an exposed site above the treeline showed high relative winter damage, assessed by the electrolyte leakage of the leaves. No severe winter damage was observed in the plants that overwintered under a moderate snowpack at a sheltered birch forest site. These plants were able to maintain their photosynthetic capacity through the winter. A low capacity of photosystem II and a very low capacity of CO₂ uptake were characteristic of the exposed site, where low temperatures and high irradiation predominate during late winter. However, photosynthetic capacity was recovered within a few days when the plants were kept under favourable conditions after the field experiment. The content of nonstructural carbohydrates was low, probably because of high respiratory losses under the snow. This short-term study suggests that lingonberry, which occupies a wide range of microhabitats in the present climate, may thrive even if the overwintering conditions change as a result of climatic warming.  相似文献