Hyperspectral feature analysis of chlorophyll a and suspended solids using field measurements from Taihu Lake,eastern China     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):808-824

Abstract

We report results of three field campaigns conducted at 39 stations. At each station, we measured reflectance spectra in situ and collected water samples for measuring chlorophyll a (CHL) and suspended solids (SS) concentrations in the laboratory. To identify the indicative bands and develop suitable estimation models for CHL (C _CHL) and SS (C _SS) concentrations in Taihu Lake, a spectral-feature method and a derivative method were applied. The following conclusions were drawn: (a) the critical C _CHL and C _SS probably causing their spectral variation are, respectively: 0, 10, 50 and 75 μg L^?1, and 0, 10, 50 and 100 mg L^?1; (b) the derivative method is better than the spectral-feature method for estimating C _CHL and C _SS; (c) the optimal variable for CHL is a reflectance second-order derivative at 501 nm or a reflectance first-order derivative at 698 nm; the optimal variable for SS can change when its concentration is low and the range is narrow; otherwise, the optimal variable is a reflectance first-order derivative at 878 nm; and (d) the CHL and SS have an effect on one another's retrieval. The C _CHL estimation accuracy would benefit from narrowing the C _SS range. With C _CHL increasing and its range broadening, the corresponding C _SS estimation accuracy decreases gradually.  相似文献   

转动物台椭圆偏光运动轨迹分析          下载免费PDF全文

张立冬 《岩石矿物学杂志》1988,7(2):175-184

本文研究了转动物台椭圆偏光的运动规律,并用公式和图解表示椭圆偏光运动轨迹,导出的椭圆偏光方程式集中反映了各公式之间的关系。为解决椭圆偏光长轴运动轨迹,推导出计算椭圆长轴(a)和视旋转角(Ar)两个新公式,使最大视旋转角所对应的物台转角的研究有新的进展。本文重点讨论不透明矿物反射光的椭圆偏光的性质,但对透明矿物透射光的椭圆偏光也有一定意义。  相似文献   

徐湾—石头岗花岗闪长岩体对围岩的热影响     

朱雄飞  茆德俊  肖深耀  董传万 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1989,(4)

对徐海—石头岗花岗闪长岩体围岩中黑云母及有机质变质程度的研究发现:距岩体580m范围内的接触带岩石皆具有角岩化现象。黑云母含量受原岩成分影响,其鳞片粒径与岩体距离密切有关。围岩中镜质组反射率,(R_(mas))值与岩体距离之间有十分明显的规律。  相似文献   

北京地区Pc3地磁脉动的偏振特征          下载免费PDF全文

杨少峰  孙炜 《地球物理学报》1989,32(1):13-19

本文对1986年1月北京地区Pc3地磁脉动进行了偏振特征的分析,分别找出了北京地区Pc3地磁脉动在磁静日期间和磁扰日期间偏振旋转方向随地方时变化的规律,以及偏振主轴方向随地方时变化的规律。 根据Pc3地磁脉动的偏振分析,可以了解北京地区Pc3脉动的激发机制,为进一步磁层诊断提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Contact-metamorphic effect on parameters for kerogen maturation     

Yoshihiro Uji 《Organic Geochemistry》1986,9(6)

This study examines the effect of contact metamorphism by an igneous dyke on parameters for kerogen maturation, such as elemental composition (H/C, O/C, N/C), ¹H-NMR T₁, vitrinite reflectance and infrared spectra. Although elemental composition and ¹H-NMR T₁ of the kerogen changed only within 1.5 and 5.0 m from the dyke respectively, vitrinite reflectance of the kerogen was thermally affected beyond 10.0 m from the intrusion. It is concluded that vitrinite reflectance is the most sensitive of the parameters evaluated to assess thermal stress of kerogens.  相似文献   

Physical and chemical environments of abnormal vitrinite reflectance evolution in the sedimentary basins     

Qiu Nansheng  Wang Weixiao  Xie Mingju 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(3):341-350

Based on the tested data of pressure and vitrinite reflectance of some wells in sedimentary basins, abnormal high pressure is regarded as not the only factor to retard the increase of vitrinite reflectance (R _o). Apart from the types of the organic matter, the physical environment (temperature and pressure) and chemical environment (fluid composition and inorganic elements) will result in the abnormal vitrinite reflectance values in the sedimentary basins. This paper tested trace elements and vitrinite reflectance data from the the abnormal high pressure and normal pressure strata profiles, respectively, and found that the acidic and lower salinity starta are favorable for the increase of R _o. By discussing the corresponding relationship between the contents of some trace elements in the mudstone and the vitrinite reflectance values, the typical trace elements were found to suppress and/or catalyze the vitrinite reflectance of organic matter, while the elements of Ca, Mn, Sr, B, Ba and P may result in the retardation of R _o. However, elements of Fe, Co, Zn, Ni and Rb may catalyze the organic matter maturation. This study is conductive to the organic maturation correction, oil and gas assessment and thermal history reconstruction by the paleothermometry. Translated from Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(11): 1760–1769 [译自: 地质学报]  相似文献   

利用漫反射光谱鉴定红粘土中针铁矿和赤铁矿   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

周玮  季峻峰  Balsam William  陈骏 《高校地质学报》2007,13(4):730-736

针铁矿(Gt)和赤铁矿(Hm)是广泛存在于土壤和沉积物中的重要铁矿物。这两种矿物在土壤和沉积物中含量很低,常规的测试手段很难有效地测定其含量。利用反射光谱联合加热处理的方法,可对土壤及沉积物样品中针铁矿和赤铁矿进行定性或半定量测定。实验结果显示,样品加热到300℃后,针铁矿的反射光谱的一阶导数特征峰发生了变化,赤铁矿的一阶导数特征峰却没有明显的变化。因此加热前后样品反射光谱一阶导数的变化取决于针铁矿和赤铁矿的含量。利用这种方法估计黄土高原第三纪红粘土样品中的赤铁矿含量约为0.3%～0.4%,针铁矿含量约为0.5%～1%。  相似文献   

Use of high spectral resolution remote sensing to determine leaf palatability of eucalypt trees for folivorous marsupials     

Steve Dury  Brian Turner  Bill Foley  Ian Wallis 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2001,3(4):328

In this study we assess the feasibility of remotely measuring canopy biochemistry, and thus the potential for conducting large-scale mapping of habitat quality. A number of studies have found nutrient composition of eucalypt foliage to be a major determinant of the distribution of folivorous marsupials. More recently it has been demonstrated that a specific group of secondary plant chemicals, the diformylphloroglucinols (DFPs), are the most important feeding deterrents, and are thus vital determinants of habitat quality. We report on the use of laboratory spectroscopy to attempt to identify one such DFP, sideroxylonal-A, in the foliage of Eucalyptus melliodora, one of the few eucalypt species browsed by folivorous marsupials. Reflectance spectra were obtained for freeze-dried, ground leaves using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and for both oven-dried and fresh whole leaves using a laboratory-based (FieldSpec) spectroradiometer. Modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression was used to develop calibration equations for sideroxylonal-A concentration based on the reflectance spectra transformed as both the first and second difference of absorbance (Log 1/R). The predictive ability of the calibration equations was assessed using the standard error of calibration statistic (SECV). Coefficients of determination (r²) were highest for the ground leaf spectra (0.98), followed by the fresh leaf and dry leaf spectra (0.94 and 0.87, respectively). When applied to independent validation sub-sets, sideroxylonal-A was most accurately predicted from the ground leaf spectra (r² = 0.94), followed by the dry leaf and fresh leaf spectra (0.72 and 0.53, respectively). Two spectral regions, centred on 674 nm and 1394 nm, were found to be highly correlated with sideroxylonal-A concentration for each of the three spectral data sets studied. Results from this study suggest that calibration equations derived from modified partial least squares regression may be used to predict sideroxylonal-A concentration, and hence leaf palatability, of Eucalyptus melliodora trees, thereby indicating that the remote estimation of habitat quality of eucalypt forests for marsupial folivores is feasible.  相似文献   

新一代天气雷达     

刘力 《气象》1996,(8)

阐述了双偏振多普勒雷达的理论基础，以ＣＳＵ－ＣＨＩＬＬＳ波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达为例，介绍了双偏振多普勒雷达的系统结构和工作原理。并以雷达测量的数据处理和分析实例说明了双偏振多普勒雷达在气象学中的应用  相似文献   

Remote Sensing Study of Gold Biogeochemical Effects in the Western Guangdong-Hainan Region——A Case Study of the Hetai Gold Deposit     

Xu Ruisong Guangzhou New Technology Institute of Geology  Academia Sinica Jiang Minxi 《《地质学报》英文版》1992,66(4)

The vegetation has been poisoned by gold in the western Guangdong-Hainan region. The gold content ofthe leaves there is as high as 10-1961 times the abundance, the chlorophyll content is 10%-30% lower thanthat of the vegetation in metamorphic terrains and 10%-20% higher than that in granite terrains, and thecarotenoid content is 10%-44% lower than the background value. The water content of leaves is 10% to 20%lower than the background value. The cells of leaves are deformed and broken. The leaf surface shows colourspots and becomes yellow or dark green. The spectral reflectance of the leaf surface is 5%-30% higher than thebackground value: the spectral shape has shifted 5-15 nm to the short wavelength. The gray scales of eanopyon images of Landsat TM and airborne imaging scanner (AIS) are 10%-100% higher than the backgroundvalues. On Landsat TM and AIS false colour images, plants poisoned by gold display a yellow color, whichdisinguishes them from background plants. According to the spectral and image features of goldbiogeochemical effects, the author has constructed a gold information system and expert prediction system,and thus two gold target areas and two gold prospect areas have been identified rapidly, economically andaccurately in the western Guangdong-Hainan region which is extensively covered by vegetation.  相似文献