汶川M_S 8.0地震InSAR同震形变场特征分析   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

屈春燕  宋小刚  张桂芳  郭利民  刘云华  张国宏  李卫东  单新建 《地震地质》2008,30(4):1076-1084

采用7条地震前后日本ALOS/PALSAR整轨数据,利用D-InSAR技术提取了2008年5月12日四川汶川地震500km×450km的地表连续同震形变场。形变场覆盖了金川—石棉、黑水—乐山、松盘—彭山、南坪—简阳、康县—重庆所有区域,包括了理县、汶川、茂县、北川、青川等重灾区域。结果显示,整个形变场影响范围较大,四川盆地出现了不同程度的地表形变。发震断层附近的非相干区域显示此次地震地表主破裂带在北川-映秀断裂带上,可以追踪出地表破裂带从汶川县映秀镇西南震中附近一直到青川县苏河北侧,全长约为230km。在发震断层西南段汶川至茂县一带,非相干条带的宽度明显大于其它段落,这与彭县-灌县断裂(前山断裂)的都江堰—安县段地表破裂段密切相关,地表破裂带长约70km。在远离发震断层的区域,西北盘总体表现为抬升,东南盘表现为沉降。但在发震断层附近,断层两侧均表现为局部抬升,且沿断层形变量分布很不均匀,表现出较强的分段性,显示出发震断层以逆冲为主的断层性质。从美国哈佛大学(Harvard)、美国地质调查局(USGS)与美国国家地震信息中心(NEIC)、中国地震台网中心(CENC)所给出的震中位置和发震时刻的差异来看,也反映出  相似文献   

On the fractal dimension of the fallout deposits: A case study of the 79 A.D. Plinian eruption at Mt. Vesuvius     

S. Pepe  G. Solaro  G.P. Ricciardi  P. Tizzani 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

We investigated the existence of a fractal law (power law) distribution of size pyroclastic fragments erupted during the fallout phase of the 79 A.D. Plinian eruption at Mt. Vesuvius. In particular, we performed a particle size distribution analysis on 18 white and grey pumice samples collected in six sites distributed in the SW sector of Mt. Vesuvius. Our measurements show that the fragmentation of samples in the investigated range (from 32 mm to 850 μm) follows a power law, guaranteeing the scale invariance of the process. The relationship frequency-size distribution of the fragments is verified independently from the nature (i.e., pumices and lithics) and stratigraphic height of the considered samples in the pyroclastic deposit. Therefore, the fractal fragmentation theory can be indicated for evaluating the relationship between the intensity of fragmentation (fractal dimension D) and eruption energy. In this way the apparent chaotic distribution of the particles in the fallout deposits hides a self-organized complexity revealed by the retrieved power law distribution. We further remark that a key aspect of our analysis is the founded evidence that the fractal dimension of the lithics is systematically greater than that of the pumices.  相似文献   

How do streamflow generation mechanisms affect watershed hypsometry?     

Xiangjiang Huang  Jeffrey D. Niemann 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(5):751-772

Several studies have shown that the dominant streamflow generation mechanism in a river basin can leave distinct geomorphological signatures in basin topography. In particular, it has been suggested previously that basins generated by groundwater discharge tend to have a larger hypsometric integral than surface runoff basins because fluvial erosion is more focused in the valleys where groundwater discharge tends to occur. In this analysis, we aim to clarify this relationship by developing an alternative method to quantify the effects of streamflow generation mechanisms on basin hypsometry and by using a numerical model that can generate streamflow by different processes to evaluate the sensitivity of the results to the hydrological and geomorphological properties of the basin. The model results suggest that the hypsometric characteristics that are usually associated with groundwater discharge basins, such as a larger hypsometric integral, occur primarily when drainage networks are still advancing in the watershed. During later stages of development, an additional factor such as lithological controls or a distinct geomorphological process would be needed to preserve these features. The model results also show that the hypsometric effects are stronger when the parameters of the fluvial erosion process promote the influence of small discharge rates. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

小波包去噪在地震信号预处理中的应用     

魏红梅  黄世源  许飞 《东北地震研究》2008,24(2)

本文将小波包去噪应用于地震信号的预处理中,并与信号功率谱分析相结合,取得了良好的效果。结果表明,该方法极大的削弱了地震信号中的高、低频干扰,具有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

华北及邻区地壳上地幔三维速度结构的地震走时层析成像   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

王志铄  王椿镛  曾融生  王溪莉 《CT理论与应用研究》2008,17(2):15-27

利用华北及邻区475个地震台站的区域地震走时资料,反演了该地区的地壳上地幔三维P波和S波速度结构。地震走时的计算用近似弯曲射线追踪方法,三维速度模型的反演用LSQR算法。用检测板方法对走时数据进行成像分辨率分析,结果表明反演模型在水平方向上以0.5°×0.5°的节点分布,垂直方向上以1km、10km、25km、42km、60km为节点作网格划分是合理的。研究区域内,秦岭—大别造山带两侧的华北块体与扬子块体有不同的速度异常特征：华北块体地壳速度结构复杂,而扬子块体则相对简单。华北块体地壳内存在较明显的低速异常,而扬子块体则正常或高速异常。自中新生代以来华北块体地壳经历挤压到伸展的强烈变形,而扬子块体相对稳定。华北块体的构造活动依然强烈,表现为频繁的地震活动。华北地块地壳速度结构的主要特征是：①主要构造带（如燕山构造带、太行山山前构造带、汾渭构造带、郯庐断裂带以及秦岭-大别构造带）位于地壳上地幔的低速或高低速过渡区内;②在唐山及附近地区25 km、42 km和60 km深处连续的低速异常,可能意味着上地幔热的物质上涌,到达上地壳的下部后停止上升过程。  相似文献   

Study on forward modeling of through-casing resistivity logging     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)

Through-casing resistivity logging (TCRL) is a new kind of logging method for formation evaluation,reservoir monitoring and saturation changes tracking. In this paper,the basic principle of TCRL is de-tailed,and the modified transmission line equation method (MTLEM) is first proposed in China. The MTLEM has been employed to simulate the responses of TCRL,on the basis of which,the effects of formation resistivity,cement and casing on the responses of TCRL are analyzed,and the signals in-duced in different formations are also calculated,which can help the design of TCRL tool and data processing and interpretation in China.  相似文献   

Dam overtopping risk assessment considering inspection program   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Jan-Tai Kuo  Yung-Chia Hsu  Yeou-Koung Tung  Keh-Chia Yeh  Jian-De Wu 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2008,22(3):303-313

Safety inspection of large dams in Taiwan is conducted every 5 years. The practice does not take into consideration uncertainty of dam conditions. The goal of this study is to determine the optimal dam inspection interval under the consideration of overtopping risk incorporating uncertainty gate availability. In earlier studies, assessment of overtopping risk only considered the uncertainties in reservoir properties and natural randomness of hydrologic events without giving much thought to the availability of spillway gates. As a result, the overtopping risk could be underestimated. In this study, an innovative concept is proposed to evaluate dam overtopping by taking into account spillway gate availability. The framework consists of three parts: (1) evaluation of conditional overtopping risk for different numbers of malfunctioning spillway gates; (2) evaluation of spillway gate availability; and (3) dam inspection scheduling. Furthermore, considerations are given to overtopping risk, inspection cost, and dam break cost for determining the optimal inspection schedule. The methodology is applied to the Shihmen Reservoir in Taiwan and to evaluate its time-dependent overtopping risk. Results show that overtopping risk considering the availability of the spillway gates is higher than the one without considering the availability of the spillway gates.  相似文献   

能动断层的概念及其演化     

丁美英  李愿军 《震灾防御技术》2008,3(2):155-164

对能动断层概念史的研究,可以揭示出能动断层的核心意义以及与活动断层的区别和联系。能动断层的鉴定以确定未来地表或近地表断层错断可能性为目的,与地震地面运动相比是一种不可设计的厂址评价要素。因此,在厂址适宜性评价中意义重大。  相似文献   

某抽水蓄能电站输水系统下平段区围岩渗透薄弱部位探测     

宋汉周  王建平  周名权  周祖权 《岩土力学》2008,29(3):639-644

对于地下工程围岩渗透薄弱部位的探测是一项具有隐蔽性和复杂性的地质工程。为避免或减少采用单一探测方法可能出现的不确定性,以一抽水蓄能电站为例,并行采用了4种方法对研究区进行了探测：（1）放射性法;（2）高密度电法;（3）天然示踪法;（4）水质分析法。就其原理而言,前2种方法属于应用地球物理范畴,而后2种方法则属于应用地球化学范畴。根据探测成果,认为区内岩体渗透薄弱部位是存在的,而以 射线强度负异常、低电阻、渗漏水点水温及其他水质指标含量比较接近其补给源作为标志。就其形成机制而言,为多场耦合作用的产物;其中,水动力作用、水化学作用及其耦合作用为最活跃的因素。  相似文献   

自然营造力作用下岩体混凝土水力劈裂分析与探讨   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

李宗利  任青文 《岩土力学》2008,29(8):2121-2125

水利水电、矿业等工程在自然营造力作用下的水力劈裂边界条件与人工致裂不完全相同,有其自身的特点。在总结自然营造力作用下水力劈裂特点的基础上,根据研究的尺度不同,将水力劈裂研究分为岩体宏观的、综合的、统计意义上的水力劈裂和单裂纹的水力劈裂研究两种。分析了单裂纹内水流特性,将单裂纹内的水力劈裂分为两个阶段（或两种情况）分别进行研究,并将此问题得以简化,同时还提出了不同阶段裂纹内水流运动分析的模型。  相似文献