An Implicit Coupled 1D/2D Model for Unsteady Subcritical Flow in Channel Networks and Embayment     

GENG Yan-fen  WANG Zhi-li 《中国海洋工程》2020,(1):110-118

In this study, 1D and 2D shallow-water models were coupled to simulate unsteady flow in channel networks and embayment. The 1D model solved the 1D shallow-water equations (St. Venant) using the Preissmann box method and targeted long narrow reaches of the river networks, while the 2D model targeted broad channels and embayment and solved the 2D shallow-water equations using a semi-implicit scheme applied to an unstructured grid of triangular cells. The 1D and 2D models were solved simultaneously by building a matrix for the free surface elevation at every 1D junction and 2D cell center. Velocities were then computed explicitly based on the results at the previous time step and the updated water level. The originality of the scheme arose from a novel coupling method. The results showed that the coupled 1D/2D model produced identical results as the full 2D model in classical to benchmark problems with considerable savings in computational effort. Application of the model to the Pearl River Estuary in southern China showed that complex patterns of tidal wave propagation could be efficiently modeled.  相似文献   

西北太平洋柔鱼丰度的灰色灾变预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

解明阳  陈新军 《海洋学报》2020,42(4):40-46

柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)为短生命周期的头足类，其资源丰度极易受海洋环境变化影响，年间波动较大。根据1995?2017年西北太平洋柔鱼渔业生产统计数据，以单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)作为资源丰度指数，运用灰色灾变预测方法对上、下限灾变年份建立GM(1, 1)模型，预测未来灾变年份。结果显示，以GLM模型标准化CPUE建立的下限灾变预测模型的平均相对误差为15.32%，上限灾变预测模型的平均相对误差为8.19%，模型精度检验等级均为Ⅰ级。研究认为，下一个资源丰年(CPUE大于2.39 t/(船·a))将出现在2021年，资源歉年(CPUE小于2.13 t/(船·a))将出现在2027年；太平洋年代际涛动与El Ni?o-La Ni?a事件是驱使柔鱼丰度大幅度波动的重要因素。该预测结果可为西北太平洋鱿钓生产企业和管理部门提供参考。  相似文献   

The Chan Hol cave near Tulum (Quintana Roo,Mexico): evidence for long‐lasting human presence during the early to middle Holocene          下载免费PDF全文

Fabio Hering  Wolfgang Stinnesbeck  Jens Folmeister  Eberhard Frey  Sarah Stinnesbeck  Jerónimo Avilés  Eugenio Aceves Núñez  Arturo González  Alejandro Terrazas Mata  Martha Elena Benavente  Carmen Rojas  Adriana Velázquez Morlet  Norbert Frank  Patrick Zell  Julia Becker 《第四纪科学杂志》2018,33(4):444-454

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High-resolution mapping of forest canopy height using machine learning by coupling ICESat-2 LiDAR with Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Forest canopy height is an important indicator of forest carbon storage, productivity, and biodiversity. The present study showed the first attempt to develop a machine-learning workflow to map the spatial pattern of the forest canopy height in a mountainous region in the northeast China by coupling the recently available canopy height (H_canopy) footprint product from ICESat-2 with the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite data. The ICESat-2 H_canopy was initially validated by the high-resolution canopy height from airborne LiDAR data at different spatial scales. Performance comparisons were conducted between two machine-learning models – deep learning (DL) model and random forest (RF) model, and between the Sentinel and Landsat-8 satellites. Results showed that the ICESat-2 H_canopy showed the highest correlation with the airborne LiDAR canopy height at a spatial scale of 250 m with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) of 0.82 and a mean bias of -1.46 m, providing important evidence on the reliability of the ICESat-2 vegetation height product from the case in China’s forest. Both DL and RF models obtained satisfactory accuracy on the upscaling of ICESat-2 H_canopy assisted by Sentinel satellite co-variables with an R-value between the observed and predicted H_canopy equalling 0.78 and 0.68, respectively. Compared to Sentinel satellites, Landsat-8 showed relatively weaker performance in H_canopy prediction, suggesting that the addition of the backscattering coefficients from Sentinel-1 and the red-edge related variables from Sentinel-2 could positively contribute to the prediction of forest canopy height. To our knowledge, few studies have demonstrated large-scale vegetation height mapping in a resolution ≤ 250 m based on the newly available satellites (ICESat-2, Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2) and DL regression model, particularly in the forest areas in China. Thus, the present work provided a timely and important supplementary to the applications of these new earth observation tools.  相似文献   

Soil water dynamics and water balance on a tropical coral island     

Shengsheng Han  Suxia Liu  Xingguo Mo  Lihu Yang  Xianfang Song 《水文研究》2021,35(12):e14415

Understanding soil water dynamics and the water balance of tropical coral islands is important for the utilization and management of their limited freshwater resources, which is only from rainfall. However, there is a significant knowledge gap in the influence of soil water on the water cycle of coral islands. Soil water dynamics and the water balance of Zhaoshu Island, Xisha Archipelago were thus investigated using soil moisture measurements and the Hydrus-1D model from October 2018 to September 2019. Over the study period, vegetation transpiration, soil evaporation, groundwater recharge and storage in the vadose zone were approximately 196, 330, 365 and 20 mm, occupying 22%, 36%, 40% and 2% of annual rainfall total (911 mm), respectively. For the wet season (from May to October) these values became 75, 202, 455 and 40 mm, occupying 10%, 26% and 59% and 5% of the seasonal rainfall total (772 mm), respectively. During the dry season (from November to April), a dry soil layer between 40 and 120 cm depth of the soil profile was identified that prevented water exchange between the upper soil layers and the groundwater resulting in the development of deep roots so that vegetation could extract groundwater to supplement their water requirements. Vegetation not only consumes all dry season rainfall (140 mm) but extracts water deeply from groundwater (90 mm) as well as from the vadose layer (20 mm). As such, the vegetation appears to be groundwater-dependent ecosystems. The research results aid us to better understand the process of water dynamics on coral islands and to protect coral island ecosystems.  相似文献   

结合时间序列Sentinel-1数据和面向对象的湿地信息提取方法     

常文涛  陈欢  常伟纲 《北京测绘》2020,(3):365-370

基于光学影像的遥感技术受云雨等天气条件影响较大,而合成孔径雷达(SAR)由于具有穿透能力可以很好的克服这一缺陷。本文以黑龙江流域扎龙湿地为研究区域,采用时间序列C波段双极化(VV、VH)Sentinel-1数据,结合面向对象的图像分析技术对扎龙湿地进行分类。对比分析了5种机器学习算法得出随机森林算法的精度最高,总体精度为88.43%,Kappa系数为0.8646,其中沼泽的制图精度达到84.68%,用户精度达到89.47%。使用Sentinel-1数据对扎龙湿地进行湿地信息提取的最佳时相为5月、7月和8月。  相似文献   

Seasonal Deformation of Permafrost in Wudaoliang Basin in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Revealed by StaMPS-InSAR     

Ping Lu  Jiangping Han  Rongxing Li  Gang Qiao 《Marine Geodesy》2020,43(3):248-268

Abstract

Permafrost is extremely sensitive to variance in external hydrothermal conditions. InSAR has advantages in monitoring surface deformation with decent temporal and spatial resolution as well as millimeter precision. In particular, the StaMPS-InSAR method can remove the disturbances of inaccurate digital elevation model (DEM), atmospheric delays and spatiotemporal decorrelation for an accurate estimation of temporal surface deformation. In this paper, a set of ascending and descending Sentinel-1 imageries spanning from March 2017 to June 2018 were acquired and processed by StaMPS-InSAR in order to investigate dynamic changes of permafrost in Wudaoliang Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The results revealed that significant seasonal changes of permafrost, namely subsidence (thawing) in summer and uplift (freezing) in winter, can be observed throughout the Wudaoliang region. This study shows the StaMPS-InSAR analysis on Sentinel-1 datasets has great potential in regional permafrost investigation.  相似文献   

基于FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ归一化积雪指数和MOD10A1的精度对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈鹏  王勇  张青  李悦 《干旱区地理》2020,43(2):434-439

风云三号D星（FY-3D）是我国新一代极轨气象卫星，中分辨率光谱成像仪Ⅱ（MERSI-Ⅱ）是其携带的核心传感器之一，MERSI-Ⅱ实现了云、气溶胶、水汽、陆地表面特性、海洋水色等大气、陆地、海洋参量的高精度定量反演。选取2018年7、8月无云时相的FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ数据对天山中段终年积雪进行归一化积雪指数（NDSI）的计算。结合高分辨率Landsat-8影像，利用混淆矩阵对FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ数据计算结果与同期MODIS日积雪产品数据MOD10A1进行精度对比分析。结果表明：FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ图像平均总体精度为0.855，MOD10A1图像平均总体精度为0.820，FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ积雪覆盖提取平均总体精度比MOD10A1积雪覆盖提取平均总体精度高0.035。FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ的Kappa系数平均值为0.659，MOD10A1的Kappa系数平均值为0.558，FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ的Kappa系数平均值大于MOD10A1的Kappa系数平均值。故FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ数据提取积雪覆盖面积精度更高，更接近高分辨率Landsat-8影像目视解译结果。  相似文献   

Preliminary investigation of Late Pleistocene fauna from Ryonggok Cave No. 1, Sangwon County,North Hwanghae Province,Democratic People's Republic of Korea     

Rye Sun Choe  Kum Sik Han  Se Chan Kim  Myong Hyok Ri  Jae Nam Ri 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(6):1137-1142

The investigation of a limestone cave on the Ryonggok-ri of Sangwon County, North Hwanghae Province, DPRK, has yielded many faunal remains including Late Pleistocene deer, brown bears and horses. Uranium series dating of fossil teeth yielded dates of ~72ka at the base of Layer 2 – the bone-bearing unit – and ~44ka at the top. The rich and diverse mammal remains of Ryonggok Cave No. 1 are indicative of warm and humid temperate conditions during the Late Pleistocene, and reflect the presence of both dense forests and open grassland. In addition, pollen and spores from the site include two families and 24 genera of trees, six families and a genus of grasses and herbs, and two families and six genera of ferns, corroborating the environments inferred from the faunal remains.  相似文献   

Continuous versus event‐based sampling: how many samples are required for deriving general hydrological understanding on Ecuador's páramo region?          下载免费PDF全文

Alicia Correa  David Windhorst  Patricio Crespo  Rolando Célleri  Jan Feyen  Lutz Breuer 《水文研究》2016,30(22):4059-4073

As a consequence of the remote location of the Andean páramo, knowledge on their hydrologic functioning is limited; notwithstanding, these alpine tundra ecosystems act as water towers for a large fraction of the society. Given the harsh environmental conditions in this region, year‐round monitoring is cumbersome, and it would be beneficial if the monitoring needed for the understanding of the rainfall–runoff response could be limited in time. To identify the hydrological response and the effect of temporal monitoring, a nested (n = 7) hydrological monitoring network was set up in the Zhurucay catchment (7.53 km²), south Ecuador. The research questions were as follows: (1) Can event sampling provide similar information in comparison with continuous monitoring, and (2) if so, how many events are needed to achieve a similar degree of information? A subset of 34 rainfall–runoff events was compared with monthly values derived from a continuous monitoring scheme from December 2010 to November 2013. Land cover and physiographic characteristics were correlated with 11 hydrological indices. Results show that despite some distinct differences between event and continuous sampling, both data sets reveal similar information; more in particular, the monitoring of a single event in the rainy season provides the same information as continuous monitoring, while during the dry season, ten events ought to be monitored. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献