GEOCHRONOMETRY & ISOTOPE GEOLOGY     

《Abstract of Chinese Geological Literature》2014,(2)

正20141014Wang Hairan(State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi’an710069,China);Zhao Hongge Theory and Application of Zircon U-Pb Isotope Dating Technique(Geology and Resources,ISSN1671-1947,CN21-1458/P,22(3),2013,p.229  相似文献   

土坡有限元稳定分析若干问题探讨   总被引：40，自引：5，他引：35  

史恒通  王成华 《岩土力学》2000,21(2):152-155

详细探讨了用有限元方法分析土坡稳定所遇到的问题及处理方法 ,主要包括: 有限元前后处理 ;有限元计算范围及网格划分对计算结果的影响 ;安全系数的定义 ;最危险滑动圆心位置及临界滑动面的形状等问题。  相似文献   

Photoelastic and numerical investigation of stress distributions around fault models under biaxial compressive loading conditions     

Ghislain de Joussineau  Jean-Pierre Petit  Bertrand D. M. Gauthier 《Tectonophysics》2003,363(1-2):19-43

This paper presents the results of a photoelastic and numerical study of stress distributions (contours and trajectories) around fault models of various geometries, submitted to a biaxial compressive load. It aims to describe typical biaxial stress behaviours and emphasize the existing differences with the well-known uniaxial compressive load case. Stress trajectories are sometimes shown by joint sets acting as markers of a paleostress field, and they can be interpreted by particular shallow tension–compression situations. At depth fractures can be reactivated, or can dilate under conditions of triaxial compression, and behaviour is essentially controlled by a high stress ratio (high σ₃/σ₁ ratio). In spite of the potential importance of such stress states on fracture permeability and fluid flow, and although they are frequently found at depth in a reservoir context, such stress conditions are poorly investigated, particularly in terms of stress perturbations.The presented analogue experiments consisted of compression tests done on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plates; this material has mechanical properties comparable to those of brittle rocks in the upper crust, and presents birefringence. The samples contained open defects acting as faults, and the stress trajectories around these faults were investigated using a photoelastic device. Comparable numerical experiments were realised with a finite-element code (Franc 2D), using frictionless fault models.First, the effect of an increasing biaxial compressive load ratio σ₃/σ₁ on stress trajectories around an isolated open defect was explored. It was shown that the stress trajectories were drastically modified when σ₃/σ₁ increased from 0.2 to 0.4, this result being consistent with previous studies. In particular, when σ₃/σ₁ was superior or equal to 0.4, external isotropic points around where trajectories diverged (called repulsive isotropic points) appeared near the tips, but away from the defects. They tended to move away from the defects towards the main load direction when σ₃/σ₁ increased. The described isotropic points were points of stress trajectory divergence, i.e. points where stress decreased, implying that zones around them were strongly unfavourable to shear reactivation.Second, stress trajectories around fault models of various geometries (oblique isolated defect, dilational jog, compressive jog, and complex patterns) were studied, the applied biaxial compressive load ratio being 0.7. These biaxial stress trajectories were compared with similar uniaxial stress trajectories in order to explore the existing differences between the two regimes. It enabled new stress trajectory geometries to be described and interpreted. In particular, numerous external repulsive isotropic points were observed, and defect tips were shown to be zones of high convergence of stress trajectories. Furthermore, in contrast to the uniaxial compressive load case, stress trajectories and stress contours were geometrically similar within dilational and compressive jogs under biaxial compressive load. For both jog types, the centre of the overlapping zone, and the areas along the wall of a jog-defining fault and facing the overlapping tip of the other fault, proved to be zones of low mean stress, implying that fluids may migrate towards them from the tips of the faults, in response to mean stress gradients. Furthermore, the centre of the jogs exhibiting a high differential stress was a favourable area in terms of fracture reactivation, which may facilitate fluids transfer and storage.It was also observed that for both the uniaxial and biaxial compressive loads, isotropic zones were localised at the acute angle between branching defects.  相似文献   

Site effects and soil-structure interaction in the valley of Mexico     

Javier Avilés  Luis E. Pérez-Rocha 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1998,17(1):29-39

An engineering approach is proposed for representing both site effects and soil-structure interaction in extended alluvial valleys, by using the one-dimensional model of shear were propagation corrected empirically to account for lateral heterogeneities and generated surface waves. The peak structural response is expressed by means of spectral contours that are a function of the predominant period of the site and the fundamental period of the structure. Variations of the peak spectral ordinates with the prevailing site period can be deduced from these contours. A number of events of firm ground, representative of the most dangerous earthquakes expected in Mexico City, are assumed as design earthquakes. Making use of the resulting spectral contours, the provisions for site effects recommended in the Mexican seismic code are evaluated. Also, considering as control motion the 1985 Michoacan earthquake recorded at a representative firm site, spectral contours with soil-structure interaction are obtained which allow one to identify the significant interaction effects originating in the Valley of Mexico for medium- and long-period structures. The influence and relative importance of the critical parameters involved are examined within practical ranges of interest.  相似文献   

新型格网DEM等高线生成技术与方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王春  李虎  杨军生  杨灿灿 《地球信息科学学报》2015,17(2):160-165

以格网DEM数据为基础,生成具有良好保凸性、光滑性、平顺性特征的高质量等高线,已逐渐成为制作等高线图的重点。鉴于现有技术方法在沟道、山脊等地形变化部位生成的等高线中存在生硬、相交、异常闭合等问题,本文以黄土丘陵1:5万不同格网分辨率DEM为例,采用对比分析方法,建立了基于DEM格网加密技术的高质量等高线生成方法。实验表明：（1）采用以4×4 DEM格网单元为搜索圆的完全规则样条函数插值法,以可视化时图面0.1 mm的实际距离为加密DEM的格网分辨率值,对DEM格网进行加密处理后生成的等高线具有更为理想的保凸性、光滑性和平顺性特征;（2）对于已知综合尺度的地形,存在最优DEM格网分辨率阈值,若要高质量地再现原始等高线,则实际DEM格网分辨率不得低于最优DEM格网分辨率阈值。  相似文献   

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郑兵  王双洪  苏琴  李菲菲 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(6):37-40

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面向RP的CT图像处理技术综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜睿智  岳秀艳  史廷春  邱建辉  索海瑞  彭东亮 《CT理论与应用研究》2008,17(1):14-20

图像反求建模是实现快速成形的关键技术之一,根据CT图像的二维信息,通过图像分割、二值化处理,提取所需边缘轮廓,重构出三维CAD模型,转换成快速成形的标准数据格式,制造出实物三维模型,在生物医学领域有着广泛的应用前景。本文在国内该领域研究现状基础上,讨论了CT图像反求建模的流程及在快速成形中的应用。  相似文献   

激光共聚焦扫描显微检测技术在大庆探区储层分析研究中的新进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

孙先达  索丽敏张民志王璞珺 《岩石学报》2005,21(5):1479-1488

激光共聚焦扫描显微镜（Laser Confocal Scanning Microscope）分析技术是20世纪80年代末、90年代初兴起的一项新的光学显微测试方法，它具有普通光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜不具备的很多优点，如样品制备十分简单、分层扫描和三维立体图像重建、清晰分辨有机和无机质等。我们将该技术应用到大庆探区的储层研究中，进行了储层孔隙和微裂缝的三维结构重建，对储层中原油形态进行了详细研究，其中原油形态观察对薄差水淹层的研究有重要意义，研究了裂缝中次生包裹体特征及形成期次，此外，该方法应用于微体古生物化石研究在大庆探区发现了以前本区未见的孢子化石种类。在原油乳化机理研究方面，首次应用共聚焦观察了乳化油的内部结构，通过动态分析可以确定其稳定性，这为乳化油乳化机理研究提供了科学可靠的依据。激光扫描共聚焦显微检测技术在大庆探区储层分析研究中取得了前所未有的效果。  相似文献   

防震措施在给排水灾后重建中的运用     

梁晓媚  胡晓东  杨素云  许艳 《中国勘察设计》2014,(2):64-67

在灾后给排水重建工程中,及时总结运用各项防震措施,在科学重建中达到"小震不坏,大震不倒,震后可修"的效果。同时,还要防治因地震引发的次生灾害。  相似文献