基于遥感的地理国情普查数据采集研究     

王晶 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(4)

辽宁省全国第一次地理国情普查的基础是地表覆盖和地理国情要素的采集工作,同时也是开展统计分析的前提。本文以辽宁省朝阳市基于遥感影像的地理国情数据采集工作为例,对地理国情普查中地表覆盖数据和地理国情要素的内容及指标进行数据采集研究。采集的基础指标包括范围、位置、属性、面积等,利用清华山维EPS2010软件进行数据采集、数据建库、数据检查和时点更新等工作。详细阐述了在辽宁省朝阳市地理国情普查中的工作流程,总结出一套稳定、高效、可靠、因地制宜的数据采集方法,为开展常态化地理国(省)情监测奠定基础。  相似文献   

公路走廊带景观破碎度的空间分异研究     

孙国庆  邹滨  姜晓璐  邱永红 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(8)

近年来,我国公路对自然生态环境的影响随着通车里程的增加而日益显著。在公路选线的过程中,全面分析拟建公路走廊带内景观破碎度的空间分异特征,可有效减少公路修建对生态环境的不利影响。本文利用遥感分类技术和GIS(地理信息系统)空间分析方法,以湖南长湘公路走廊带某段土地斑块和景观分类为基础,借助斑块密度指数、最大斑块指数和相似邻近比指数,在斑块类型水平和景观水平两个层面全面分析公路走廊带内自然林地景观、农业景观和城乡建设景观破碎度的空间分异特征。结果表明:长湘公路走廊带内景观破碎度高的地区主要分布在大型斑块边缘、平原地区以及公路沿线;自然林地景观和农业景观的破碎度较低,城乡建设景观的破碎度较高;城乡建设景观的破碎度与公路相关性最强,表现出顺应公路走向的条带状蔓延特征。该研究成果可为公路选线方案的制订和完善提供环境影响方面的参考。  相似文献   

基于盘锦地理国情普查成果滩涂监测数据的提取研究     

崔胜涛 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(8)

根据测绘地理信息行业"十三五"规划,如何利用国情普查数据进行地理国情监测监测,成为未来几年测绘技术的一个重要课题。本文的实施以地理国情普查数据利用高分辨率航空影像确定和采集滩涂地表空间数据为范围,对为滩涂变化监测提供基础数据源进行了研究。  相似文献   

GNSS-R土壤水分遥感的适宜性分析     

彭学峰  万玮  李飞  陈秀万 《遥感学报》2017,21(3):341-350

利用GNSS-R(Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry)技术探测土壤水分是近年来一个新兴的研究方向。目前GNSS-R遥感观测中反射信号的接收与处理方式包括单天线与多天线两种模式,面向实际应用需求,GNSS-R遥感正在实现从最初的地基观测向空基、星载观测的转变。在推进GNSS-R土壤水分遥感技术业务化应用的过程中,必须首先进行适宜性分析,确定该技术探测的地理位置、空间分辨率与探测深度,然而目前对此尚未有系统、全面、定量的论述。本文针对适宜性分析中的3个关键因子分别进行理论分析与公式推导,明确相关概念的定义,并实现定量化描述,最终通过实际应用分析进一步诠释其应用价值。对于单天线模式地基观测,以美国板块边界观测计划PBO(Plate Boundary Observatory)土壤水分产品为例,分析镜面反射点的相对位置、第一级Fresnel反射椭圆簇的面积与时间序列土壤水分所代表的探测深度;对于多天线模式,以郑州上街区农田空基观测试验为例,得到基于航迹的栅格土壤水分空间分布并探讨其探测深度。本文能够为未来两种观测模式下地基、空基和星载GNSS-R遥感观测、北斗反射信号遥感,以及GNSS-R在农业、水文、生态等领域的实际应用提供理论指导。  相似文献   

地震滑坡高分辨率遥感影像识别     

彭令  徐素宁  梅军军  苏凤环 《遥感学报》2017,21(4):509-518

区域性地震滑坡信息获取目前主要通过遥感目视解译和计算机提取,存在主观性强、耗时费力、提取精度低等问题,导致难以满足灾后应急调查、灾情评估等方面的应用需求。采用资源三号、高分一号高分辨率遥感影像,以汶川震区为实验区,在地震滑坡灾害特征分析的基础上,通过多尺度最优分割方法构建多层次滑坡对象,融合光谱、纹理、几何等影像特征和地形特征信息建立多维滑坡识别规则集合,基于高分辨率影像认知模式与场景理解过程提出滑坡分层识别模型,从而实现地震滑坡空间分布及其滑源区、滑移区和堆积区的准确识别。实验区分析结果显示最低识别精度为81.89%,而滑坡的堆积区最容易被分辨,识别方法具有可推广性。研究成果可为灾后应急调查提供技术支撑,并促进国产高分辨率遥感卫星的地质灾害应用。  相似文献   

黑土区田块尺度遥感精准管理分区   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘焕军  邱政超  孟令华  付强  姜佰文  闫岩  徐梦园 《遥感学报》2017,21(3):470-478

基于格网采样与空间插值的精准管理分区方法精度高,但时效性差、成本高。本文以东北农垦地区红星农场农田为研究对象,提出一种基于遥感影像的精准管理分区方法:以裸土高空间分辨率遥感影像作为数据源,结合田间格网采样数据,基于裸土反射光谱特征与黑土主要理化性质的显著相关关系,运用面向对象分割、空间统计分析方法,对典型黑土区田块进行精准管理分区研究,并利用土壤理化性质和农作物生理参数,对分区结果进行评价。得出如下结论:(1)典型黑土区田块内部土壤养分含量空间变异显著;(2)基于裸土影像与面向对象的精准管理分区方法精度高,增强了分区之间的土壤养分与归一化植被指数(NDVI)差异性、分区内部各属性的一致性;(3)基于2015年4月1日和2015年5月20日单期影像分区和两期影像波段叠加(Layer stacking)分区,区间变异系数与区内变异系数之比分别为1.42、1.39和7.63,基于两期影像综合信息的分区结果显著优于基于单期影像分区;(4)基于裸土影像面向对象分割的精准管理分区方法时效性强、成本低、精度高。研究成果为田间变量施肥、发展精准农业、实现农业可持续发展提供依据。  相似文献   

Change detection of linear features in temporally spaced remotely sensed images using edge-based grid analysis     

Arati Paul  V. M. Chowdary  Y. K. Srivastava  D. Dutta  J. R. Sharma 《国际地球制图》2017,32(6):640-654

Automatic change detection of land cover features using high-resolution satellite images, is a challenging problem in the field of intelligent remote sensing data interpretation, and is becoming more and more effective for its applications viz. urban planning and monitoring, disaster assessment etc. In the present study, a change in detection approach based on the image morphology that analyses change in the local image grids is proposed. In this approach, edges from both the images are extracted and grid wise comparison is made by probabilistic thresholding and power spectral density analysis for identifying change area. One of the advantages of the proposed methodology is that the temporal images used in the change analysis need not be radiometrically corrected as analysis is based on edge extractions. The grid-based analysis further reduces the error, which might have been introduced by image mis-registration. The proposed methodology is validated by finding the temporal changes in the linear land cover features in parts of Kolkata city, India using three different image data-sets from LISS IV, Cartosat-1 and Google earth having varied spatial resolutions of 5.8 m, 2.5 m and about 1 m, respectively. The overall accuracy in identifying changes is found to be 64.82, 73.86 and 80.93% for LISS IV, Cartosat-1 and Google earth data-set, respectively.  相似文献   

Landscape transform and spatial metrics for mapping spatiotemporal land cover dynamics using Earth Observation data-sets     

Sudhir Kumar Singh  Szilárd Szabó  George P. Petropoulos  Manika Gupta  Tanvir Islam 《国际地球制图》2017,32(2):113-127

Analysis of Earth observation (EO) data, often combined with geographical information systems (GIS), allows monitoring of land cover dynamics over different ecosystems, including protected or conservation sites. The aim of this study is to use contemporary technologies such as EO and GIS in synergy with fragmentation analysis, to quantify the changes in the landscape of the Rajaji National Park (RNP) during the period of 19 years (1990–2009). Several statistics such as principal component analysis (PCA) and spatial metrics are used to understand the results. PCA analysis has produced two principal components (PC) and explained 84.1% of the total variance, first component (PC1) accounted for the 57.8% of the total variance while the second component (PC2) has accounted for the 26.3% of the total variance calculated from the core area metrics, distance metrics and shape metrics. Our results suggested that notable changes happened in the RNP landscape, evidencing the requirement of taking appropriate measures to conserve this natural ecosystem.  相似文献   

Delineation of groundwater potential zones using remote sensing and GIS-based data-driven models   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Samira Ghorbani Nejad  Fatemeh Falah  Mania Daneshfar  Ali Haghizadeh 《国际地球制图》2017,32(2):167-187

The rapid increase in human population has increased the groundwater resources demand for drinking, agricultural and industrial purposes. The main purpose of this study is to produce groundwater potential map (GPM) using weights-of-evidence (WOE) and evidential belief function (EBF) models based on geographic information system in the Azna Plain, Lorestan Province, Iran. A total number of 370 groundwater wells with discharge more than 10 m³s^?1were considered and out of them, 256 (70%) were randomly selected for training purpose, while the remaining114 (30%) were used for validating the model. In next step, the effective factors on the groundwater potential such as altitude, slope aspect, slope angle, curvature, distance from rivers, drainage density, topographic wetness index, fault distance, fault density, lithology and land use were derived from the spatial geodatabases. Subsequently, the GPM was produced using WOE and EBF models. Finally, the validation of the GPMs was carried out using areas under the ROC curve (AUC). Results showed that the GPM prepared using WOE model has the success rate of 73.62%. Similarly, the AUC plot showed 76.21% prediction accuracy for the EBF model which means both the models performed fairly good predication accuracy. The GPMs are useful sources for planners and engineers in water resource management, land use planning and hazard mitigation purpose.  相似文献   

Optimization of spatial statistical approaches to identify land use/land cover change hot spots of Pune region of Maharashtra using remote sensing and GIS techniques     

Kuntal Ganguly  Rajiv Kumar  K. Mruthyunjaya Reddy  P. Jagadeeswara Rao  Manoj Raj Saxena  G. Ravi Shankar 《国际地球制图》2017,32(7):777-796

This study investigated land use/land cover change (LULCC) dynamics using temporal satellite images and spatial statistical cluster analysis approaches in order to identify potential LULCC hot spots in the Pune region. LULCC hot spot classes defined as new, progressive and non-progressive were derived from Gi* scores. Results indicate that progressive hot spots have experienced high growth in terms of urban built-up areas (20.67% in 1972–1992 and 19.44% in 1992–2012), industrial areas (0.73% in 1972–1992 and 3.46% in 1992–2012) and fallow lands (4.35% in 1972–1992 and ?6.38% in 1992–2012). It was also noticed that about 28.26% of areas near the city were identified as new hot spots after 1992. Hence, non-significant change areas were identified as non-progressive after 1992. The study demonstrated that LULCC hot spot mapping through the integrated spatial statistical approach was an effective approach for analysing the direction, rate, spatial pattern and spatial relationship of LULCC.  相似文献