Gaining public engagement to restore coral reef ecosystems in the face of acute crisis     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

The twin crisis of biodiversity loss and climate change make it urgent to find ways of restoring natural ecosystems, including coral reefs. Methods for coral reef restoration are rapidly advancing, bringing with them a range of potential risks and opportunities. Attention to public engagement in the governance of such activities therefore becomes critical. This research examines public attitudinal and behavioral engagement in ‘traditional’ coral restoration projects in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (i.e. coral gardening at relatively small scales). Grounded on dual-process decision-making and trust theories, rational factors (i.e., perceived benefits), emotions (i.e., hope and guilt) and trust are conceptually three main determinants of public engagement in ecological restoration. We used a mixed-method approach, including 63 individual interviews and a follow-up survey with 1585 participants, to clarify the roles of these psychological factors in motivating public engagement in current coral restoration projects. Trust was found to be the most important factor influencing public acceptance (i.e., attitudinal engagement) of coral restoration, while the emotion of guilt was the most influential factor affecting public support (i.e., behavioral engagement). Therefore, when advocating for conservation projects, different campaigns could be implemented with: (1) positive messages of hope and trust to gain public acceptance for government-funded restoration projects and (2) messages highlighting individual responsibility to motivate behavioral support to scale up restoration projects.  相似文献   

“类壤土基质”喷播技术及其在矿山环境恢复治理中的应用     

张波  沈奕锋  张玉倩  乔乐萍 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2018,29(1):143-148

本文要解决的是高陡边坡治理和矿山地质环境恢复问题。治理示范区运用"类壤土基质"喷播技术后,迅速形成适合植物生长的高性能壤土基质结构,建立具有生物多样化和可持续演替功能的植物群落。具有重塑岩面土层结构、恢复乔灌木植物比例、抗冲刷等技术特点。治理十年后,山体稳定,整体坡面与原山貌融为一体,无需养护,恢复自然生态系统。  相似文献   

生态地质调查工程进展与主要成果     

聂洪峰  肖春蕾  戴蒙  刘建宇  尚博譞  郭兆成  贺鹏  欧阳渊  雷天赐  李文明  周传芳  姜琦刚 《中国地质调查》2021,(1)

为全面支撑山水林田湖草整体保护、系统修复和综合治理,中国地质调查局部署了“生态地质调查工程”。该工程自2019年以来,以地球系统科学理论为指导,重点开展了我国北方林草湿分布区1∶50万生态地质调查以及黄河源区、大凉山区等重点生态功能区1∶5万生态地质调查,采用“空-天-地”一体化调查技术,获取了不同尺度森林、草原、湿地等生态类型分布与变化,成土母岩、水文地质要素、土壤、地形地貌等生态地质条件,以及荒漠化、湖泊萎缩等生态问题分布数据,分析了生态-地质之间相互制约影响关系,剖析了主要生态问题的成因机理,划分了生态地质单元,建立了生态地质图谱,提出了基于地球系统科学的国土空间生态保护修复对策建议,为我国北方地区生态保护与系统修复工作提供了基础数据与技术支撑。  相似文献   

基于NbS的山水林田湖草生态保护修复实践探索   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨崇曜  周妍  陈妍  王立威 《地学前缘》2021,28(4):25-34

为应对我国生态领域的诸多问题,探索山水林田湖草一体化保护和修复路径,2016—2018年我国实施了25个山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点。工程实施对维护国家生态安全起到了积极作用,但仍然存在对生态系统内在机理和规律认识不足、过度依赖工程措施、配套管理政策措施不健全等突出问题。近年来,基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions, NbS)受到国际社会的广泛认可与关注。本文对NbS的定义、核心理念与准则、实施方法和典型案例进行了梳理,并从NbS的视角对我国山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程在时空尺度、目标设置、技术措施、实施管理制度机制等方面存在的问题进行了剖析。最后,提出吸收借鉴NbS理念与方法以完善我国山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程的建议,包括跨尺度开展设计、建立多元化目标、构建科学的工程技术模式与标准,以及完善多方参与、跨区域合作、可持续资金保障、适应性管理等制度机制。  相似文献   

国土整治生态修复中的农业景观生物多样性保护策略   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘云慧  宇振荣  罗明 《地学前缘》2021,28(4):48-54

随着生态文明建设成为国家发展战略,国土整治修复需要更多生态科学和技术的支撑。农业景观生物多样性是重要的自然资源,为人类可持续发展提供了重要的生态系统服务,并提供了应对气候变化等风险的途径。本文分析了我国农业景观生物多样性保护及其对国土整治生态修复的重要性,国土整治生态修复中农业景观生物多样性保护面临的挑战,并总结了欧盟在农业景观生物多样性保护方面的经验和方法。最后,文章提出了将农业景观生物多样性保护整合到国土整治生态修复的四项策略,包括生态空间的“生态修复和管护-生态补偿-民生改善”策略、农业空间的“生态基础设施-生态系统服务提升-绿色发展”策略、城乡生活空间的“多功能景观-绿色宜居空间营造”策略、国土全域“生物多样性保护网络”策略,为生态文明背景下的国土整治生态修复提供参考。  相似文献   

山水林田湖草生态保护修复技术框架研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周妍  陈妍  应凌霄  杨崇曜 《地学前缘》2021,28(4):14-24

面对当前严峻的资源环境与生态压力,习近平总书记提出了山水林田湖草生命共同体的理念,截至2019年底全国共开展了25个山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点。虽然已有工作取得了一定成效,但也存在保护修复目标不明确、整体性与系统性不足、人工干预的工程措施过度、缺乏动态监测评价、难以实现人与自然和谐共生等诸多问题。鉴此,本研究在梳理景观生态学、恢复生态学相关理论,基于自然的解决方案、适应性管理、社会-经济-自然复合生态系统以及生态系统服务等相关理念的基础上,构建了包含有区域(省)、景观、生态系统以及子项目4个层次的山水林田湖草生态保护修复技术框架,并提出了项目实施全程监测管理的技术要求,以期为推进山水林田湖草生命共同体的整体保护、系统修复、综合治理提供理论与技术支撑。  相似文献   

Detecting soil disturbance/restoration effects on stream sediment loading in the Lake Tahoe Basin,USA—modelling predictions          下载免费PDF全文

M. E. Grismer 《水文研究》2014,28(2):161-170

Establishment and ‘crediting’ for total maximum daily loads (TMDL) of sediment require development of stream monitoring programs capable of detecting changes in land use and erosion ‘connectivity’ conditions across the watershed. As a ‘proof of concept’ directed at developing such an effective stream monitoring program considering only the effects of soil disturbances or restoration in the Lake Tahoe Basin, variability in daily stream sediment load predictions from a local‐scale, field data–based distributed runoff and erosion model developed previously is analysed for the west‐shore watersheds of Homewood (HMR) and Madden Creeks. The areal extent effects of forest fuel reductions (slight soil disturbances in Madden) and soil restoration efforts (e.g. dirt road removal and ski‐run rehabilitation in HMR) on watershed daily sediment loads for the 1994–2005 period are considered. Based on model predictions, forest fuel management in the Madden Creek watershed must occur across more than 30% of the basin area to result in a detectable increase in daily sediment loads at the >95% confidence level. Similarly, a daily load reduction that could be assessed with >95% confidence within the HMR basin required substantial dirt road removal (50% by roaded area) and restoration of 20% of the ski‐run area (combined for ~5% of the basin area) for the 11‐year record but was also possible within 2–3 years following restoration. These modelling results suggest that despite considerable flow–load variability, it may be possible to detect cumulative changing land‐use conditions within several years of project completion such that quantitative TMDL ‘crediting’ may be developed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Prospective modelling of 3D hyporheic exchange based on high‐resolution topography and stream elevation          下载免费PDF全文

Daniel H. Käser  Andrew Binley  Stefan Krause  A. Louise Heathwaite 《水文研究》2014,28(4):2579-2594

River managers and scientists interested in hyporheic processes need adequate tools for characterizing hyporheic exchange flow (HEF) at local sites where only poor information on subsurface properties are available. This study evaluates a three‐dimensional modelling approach, on the basis of detailed surface parameterization and a simplified subsurface structure, for comparison of potential HEF characteristics at three experimental reaches at the channel‐unit scale. First, calibration is conducted to determine the best fit‐of‐heads given the model simplification, then the structure of residuals are used to evaluate the origin of the misfit, and finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify inter‐site differences in HEF. Results show that such an approach can highlight potential magnitude differences in HEF characteristics between reaches. The sensitivity analysis is successful in delineating the small area of exchange that remains under conditions of high groundwater discharge. In this case, however, the calibrated model performs poorly in representing the exchange pattern at the sediment–water interface, thus suggesting that the approach is less adequate for a deterministic simulation of observed heads. The summary statistics are in the range of similar published models, for which the reported indicator is the root mean square error on heads normalized by the head drop over the reach. We recommend, however, that modellers use a more comparable indicator, such as a measure of the residuals normalized by a measure of observed vertical head differences. Overall, when subsurface data are unavailable or sparse, a three‐dimensional groundwater model based on high‐resolution topographic data combined with a sensitivity analysis appears as a useful tool for a preliminary characterization of HEF. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Above‐ground and below‐ground Salix dynamics in response to river processes          下载免费PDF全文

N. Pasquale  P. Perona  R. Francis  P. Burlando 《水文研究》2014,28(20):5189-5203

Riparian vegetation influences hydraulic and morphodynamic river processes and may contribute to sediment stabilization. In turn, vegetation recruitment and growth on non‐cohesive fluvial deposits strongly depends on river hydrology and the ability of roots to develop and to anchor efficiently to resist flow erosion. In this paper, we examine the above‐ground and the below‐ground seasonal growth dynamics of Salix cuttings in relation to local river hydrodynamics and morphodynamics, on the basis of a detailed and unique data set. During the two season‐long campaigns in 2009 and 2010, 1188 and 1152 cuttings, respectively, were organized in square plots and planted on a gravel island of the restored reach of the River Thur (Neunforn, Thurgau, Switzerland). Each year, all cuttings were monitored almost regularly from the beginning until the end of the growing season (April–September). Root development statistics were also obtained from high‐resolution scanner analysis of carefully uprooted samples from selected plots. Our results show how cutting survival and the nature and strength of correlations between island topography and cutting growth statistics depend on river hydrology. An empirical functional form that links root development based on the measured main stem length is then proposed for predictive purposes. Cutting mortality following flood events is shown to depend nonlinearly on both erosion and deposition processes, whereas it appears more linearly related to the magnitude of the bed shear stress distribution generated by the maximum seasonal flood. This analysis allows an identification of an important threshold for plant survival within different erosion and deposition regimes, which explains the spatial and temporal distribution of the surviving cuttings within the plots. These results have practical implications, for instance, for evaluating, planning and managing the use of riparian trees in restoration projects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Interactions between dam‐regulated river flow and riparian groundwater: a case study from the Yellow River,China     

Tongqian Zhao  Keith S. Richards  Huashan Xu  Hongqi Meng 《水文研究》2012,26(10):1552-1560

The Xiaolangdi Dam, completed in 2000, is second in scale in China to the Three Gorges Project. It has generated remarkable economic and social benefits but with profound impacts to the riverine and regional environments. This paper reports field monitoring of riparian groundwater in the Kouma section of the Yellow River to illustrate the interactions between dam‐regulated river flow and riparian groundwater. The results show that the hydrological condition in riparian zones downstream from the dam has changed from a typical wet–dry cycle to a condition of semi‐permanent dryness, resulting in degradation of the typical attributes and functions of the wetland ecosystem. Hydrological processes in the riparian zone have changed from a complex multiple flooding regime to a simple regime of dominant groundwater drainage towards the river, which only reverses temporarily during the water and sediment regulation period of the dam. Data on groundwater level and groundwater quality show that there are two key points, at ca 200 and 400 m from the river bank, which distinguish zones with different sensitivity to changes of river flow and indicate different interactions between river water and groundwater. The shallow groundwater quality also is negatively affected by the intensive agricultural development that has occurred since the dam was completed. Ecological restoration needs to be carried out to construct a protective natural riparian zone within ca 200 m from the river, this being an ecotone, which is key to the protection of both riparian groundwater and the river. The riparian zone from 200 to 400 m also should be treated as a transitional zone. In addition, ecologically sensitive agriculture and ecotourism organized by local communities would be beneficial in the area beyond 400 m. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献