济南市南部山区生态恢复与重建途径探讨   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王琳  张祖陆 《地理与地理信息科学》2003,19(3):71-75

济南市南部山区是济南市的城市生态屏障，城区泉群的地下水补给区。但近年来，南部山区生态环境遭受严重破坏，土地质量下降，植被毁坏严重，水土流失强烈。为了恢复与重建一个高效和谐的可持续发展的生态系统，该文建议以生物措施为主，辅以工程措施，自然恢复与人工恢复相结合，调整产业结构与产业布局，提高生态建设科技含量，加强社会管护，建立健全生态治理实施系统。  相似文献   

豫西黄土丘陵区植被恢复与重建的理论基础及技术体系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘增进  李宝萍  李远华  崔远来 《山地学报》2004,22(4):393-399

通过对豫西黄土丘陵区林草植被现状和治理模式的实地调研，运用大量基础研究资料，借鉴生态学的基本理论，从理论和实践两方面开展了林草植被恢复与重建的理论基础及技术体系的研究；描述了退耕农田的自然演替过程，研究和分析了林草植被恢复与重建的机理；应用最佳平方逼近的数学方法，提出了林草植被恢复与重建的预测模型和时间表，构造了主要乡土先锋树种的生长预测模型；制定了林草植被恢复与重建的目标和程序，确定了适合本区的林草农田配置模式，提出了乔灌树种的配置方案和牧草的种植模式。其成果对整个黄土高原生态环境建设有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

川西亚高山人工针叶林生态恢复过程的种群结构   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘庆  吴彦  何海  林波 《山地学报》2004,22(5):591-597

研究了川西米亚罗亚高山人工针叶林70a恢复过程中不同恢复级段云杉种群结构的变化并比较了与原始林的差异。研究结果表明，所调查的人工云杉林有两个快速生长(平均高度和胸径)时期：一是20～30林龄人工林，年均高生长量达到0．428m，年均胸径增长量为0．57cm；二是50～70林龄人工林，年均高生长量达到0．364m，年均胸径增长量为0．431Cln。与天然原始林相比，人工林苗木的高度级宽幅(10／21)和胸径宽幅(20／36)都较小，下层更新苗木少。50林龄以前的人工林年龄均为同一龄级，70林龄后才有少量的更新幼苗，种群的年龄结构很不合理，说明人工云杉林生态功能的恢复是一个十分漫长的过程，需要对其采取相应的调控措施。  相似文献   

Fish in the littoral zone: ecology, threats and management     

Ian J. Winfield   《Limnologica》2004,34(1-2):124

The importance of the littoral zone of lakes to a diversity of fish species has been appreciated for many centuries, although the complexity and heterogeneity of this habitat have resulted in a poorer understanding of local fish ecology compared with that achieved for typically much larger but simpler offshore habitats. Lake fish species may occupy the littoral zone permanently or visit it on diel, seasonal or ontogenetic timescales in response to a range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The purposes of such occupations include feeding, refuge from predation and, most importantly for many species, reproduction. The primary environmental threats to fish in the littoral zone arise from eutrophication, which may directly or indirectly alter feeding conditions through the loss of macrophytes, from increases or decreases in water level variations and from siltation rates, both of which may interfere with spawning or egg incubation, and from the introduction of alien species, many of which preferentially colonise the littoral zone where they may act as predators, competitors or environmental degraders. The management of these threats is best accomplished through general lake management measures such as the control of nutrient levels, but some actions specific to the littoral zone or its fish populations are also feasible. These include the replacement of lost or damaged spawning substrata, the active management of water levels at appropriate times of year, and, at least potentially, the deployment of artificial structures to provide appropriate physical habitat for adult fish.  相似文献   

龙门山碧口断块的形成及其空间归位研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

汤军  赵鹏大陈建平历　青靳秀菊冯　春 《中国地质》2002,29(3):286-290

按照地质异常的分析指导思想，本文提出地质异常体空间归位概念，对龙门山北端的碧口断块进行了空间归位分析。文中对碧口断块的运动轨迹进行了复原分析，认为本区地质空间异常体是受青藏高原、华南陆块和华北陆块三重构造运动作用的结果。由于它们各自的构造运动方向不同，造成其在不同时间、不同空间位置所起的作用也不相同。笔者将碧口断块运动的主要过程划分为4个阶段：①挤压断裂作用；②西向滑脱作用；③右旋扭转作用；④东向重力挤压作用，这样就解释了本区的地质构造成因。因此在研究该区或者其他复杂地区的地质问题时，要考虑多个作用主体以及在不同时间的影响作用，同时也造成了异常地质体在空间分布上的多样性，因此，本文提出的异常地质体空间归位概念，对认识成矿多样性以及成矿谱系研究具有重大的现实意义。  相似文献   

敦煌石窟虚拟重现与壁画修复模拟   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

鲁东明  潘云鹤  陈任 《测绘学报》2002,31(1):12-16

由于受到自然灾害、经济建设、旅游开发等因素的影响，许多珍贵稀有文物遗址已处于濒危境地，如何有效保护、研究与开发这些文物资源已经显得非常的迫切与重要。研究了如何将计算机技术与传统文物保护工作结合起来，对文物实施数字化保存、重现和修复；并以敦煌文物为研究对象，利用虚拟现实、图像处理与人工智能等技术实现了敦煌石窟虚拟展示、脱落壁画复原与演变模拟等系统，极大地提高和改善了文物保护研究的效率与效果。  相似文献   

Possibilities and limitations of lake restoration: Conclusions for Lake Lugano   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

D. M. Imboden 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1992,54(3-4):381-390

In most lakes eutrophication is linked to an excessive input of phosphorus. Lake restoration by reduction of P-input (external measure) has led to a considerable drop of the P-concentration in all major Swiss lakes as well as in many other lakes. Internal restoration measures such as artificial mixing, drainage of hypolimnetic water, flushing, aeration, biomanipulation and others serve to improve and accelerate the response of a lake to external measures. For the case of Lago di Lugano, a simple two-box model is employed to demonstrate that a reduction of the P-input to about 25% of the present values is necessary to reach the P-criterion (P-concentration below 30 µg/l). Internal measures could possibly accelerate the extremely slow response of the northern basin.  相似文献   

北京建材化工厂采石场边坡生态修复施工实践     

夏长华  方雪松 《地质灾害与环境保护》2008,19(3):90-94

通过北京建材化工厂采石场边坡生态修复工程,论述了高边坡的治理措施：削坡、抗滑桩、挡墙和锚喷,采用种植槽和阶梯复绿法进行绿化,并采取了水利配套措施,取得了良好的经济、生态和社会效益。  相似文献   

国土空间生态修复布局研究进展   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王晨旭  刘焱序  于超月  刘小茜 《地理科学进展》2021,40(11):1925-1941

实施国土空间生态修复是新时期生态文明建设的重要途径。国土空间生态保护与修复的布局影响着保护实施力度、工程修复成效以及社会资源分配,是科学开展生态修复工作的前置条件和基础环节。论文在辨析生态修复相关概念关联的基础上,从区域识别和时序判别2个层面出发,结合文献计量学分析整理了国际生态修复布局研究现状,梳理了景观“格局—过程—服务—可持续”理论范式在国土空间生态修复布局研究中的应用。论文提出了支撑可持续发展的生态保护修复目标构建、以社会满意度为导向的生态修复时空需求权衡、面向多重成本的生态修复成本科学评估、在生态刚性约束背景下的基于自然解决方案、恢复力思想下生态保护和人工修复决策阈值、基于时空模拟的生态保护与修复工程选址决策6项重要研究趋向,从而架构了耦合社会—生态目标的国土空间生态修复布局研究路径,以期为国土空间生态修复相关研究和实践提供参考。  相似文献   

Study of traditional rural settlements landscape genetic variability in shaanxi province based on accurate-restoration北大核心CSCDCSSCI     

Xiang Y.  Cao M.  Qin J.  Wu C. 《地理科学进展》2021,(9):1544-1556

Landscape genes of traditional rural settlements are a hotspot of settlements' landscape research. Based on existing research, this study defined the landscape genetic information chain and its hierarchy. The general life-like variation mechanism of landscape genes in traditional rural settlements was also proposed. On these bases, considering the landscape characteristics of traditional rural settlements in Shaanxi Province, the landscape genetic information chains of traditional rural settlements in the province were constructed and the general variation mechanism and characteristics of traditional rural settlements in the province were proposed. A theoretical framework of accurate restoration of the traditional rural settlements' landscape genetic information chain was further put forward. In addition, accurate restoration was applied to the typical settlement with variation in Shaanxi Province as an empirical case. The results verified the necessity and operability of accurate restoration. This research provides some thoughts and methods that are fresh and original for the protection and activation of traditional rural settlements from a landscape genetic perspective. © 2020, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.  相似文献