Modelling changes in suspended sediment from forest road surfaces in a coastal watershed of British Columbia          下载免费PDF全文

H. Andres Araujo  Ashley Page  Andrew B. Cooper  Jeremy Venditti  Erland MacIsaac  Marwan A. Hassan  Duncan Knowler 《水文研究》2014,28(18):4914-4927

Erosion from logging road surfaces, cut slopes, banks, and ditches represents a chronic source of sediment input to streams that can degrade aquatic habitats. Road surface erosion is of particular concern because the magnitude of sediment generation when traffic levels are high can be large. Current models for predicting sediment production from roads require information on area‐specific sediment delivery, which is not often available. Here, we developed a model to quantify suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) generated by forest roads surfaces under different conditions of use and density. This model is designed for a typical medium‐size coastal watershed of British Columbia or the American Pacific Northwest, and was applied to the Chilliwack River watershed as a case study. The results illustrate that intensive use of forest roads combined with high road density can increase the number of extreme sedimentation events over a predetermined threshold. A comparison of the effects of road density and the level of road use suggests that the level of road use is more important than the road density for the generation of fine sediment from road surfaces. However, the model omits the impact of roads on mass movements in a watershed, which represent a major source of sediment in steep watersheds, so the effect of road density is likely more substantial than the model predicts. The model is an attempt to overcome field data limitations by using an empirical relation between SSC and traffic variables, and presents a starting point for more intensive field studies that could be used to validate it. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Meta‐analysis of flow modeling performances—to build a matching system between catchment complexity and model types          下载免费PDF全文

Lu Zhuo  Qiang Dai  Dawei Han 《水文研究》2015,29(11):2463-2477

Hydrological models play a significant role in modelling river flow for decision making support in water resource management. In the past decades, many researchers have made a great deal of efforts in calibrating and validating various models, with each study being focused on one or two models. As a result, there is a lack of comparative analysis on the performance of those models to guide hydrologists to choose appropriate models for the individual climate and physical conditions. This paper describes a two‐level meta‐analysis to develop a matching system between catchment complexity (based on catchment significant features (CSFs)) and model types. The intention is to use the available CSF information for choosing the most suitable model type for a given catchment. In this study, the CSFs include the elements of climate, soil type, land cover and catchment scale. Specific choices of model types in small and medium catchments are further explored with all CSF information obtained. In particular, it is interesting to find that semi‐distributed models are the most suitable model type for catchments with the area over 3000 km², regardless of other CSFs. The potential methodology for expanding the matching system between catchment complexity and model complexity is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A classification approach to reconstruct local daily drying dynamics at headwater streams     

Aurlien Beaufort  Julie Carreau  Eric Sauquet 《水文研究》2019,33(13):1896-1912

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The hydrological behaviour of urban streets: long‐term observations and modelling of runoff losses and rainfall–runoff transformation     

D. Ramier  E. Berthier  H. Andrieu 《水文研究》2011,25(14):2161-2178

Runoff on impervious surfaces (roads, roofs, etc.) raises a number of environmental and road safety‐related problems. The primary objective of this research effort is to improve our knowledge of the hydrological behaviour of impervious urban surfaces in order to better assess runoff on these surfaces and its subsequent consequences. This article will focus on two street stretches studied over a 38‐month period. Measurements of rainfall and runoff discharge on these stretches have made it possible to estimate runoff losses as well as to constitute a database for modelling purposes. On the basis of these data, two models have been used, one simple the other more detailed and physically based. For both models, runoff discharges at a 3‐min time step are well reproduced, although runoff coefficients and runoff losses are still poorly estimated. Detailed analyses of experimental data and model output, however, indicate that runoff losses could be quite high on such ‘impervious surfaces’ (between 30 and 40% of total rainfall, depending on the street stretch) and that these losses are mainly because of evaporation and infiltration inside the road structure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

高密度电法在公路岩溶勘察中的应用     

陈骄荷 《福建地质》2012,31(3):262-268

岩溶发育区的公路建设和运行过程中,容易形成地面塌陷,危及工程安全或正常使用,高密度电法是近年来在岩溶发育地区高速公路勘察中常用较有效的一种勘探方法。以工程实例探讨公路岩溶勘察中的应用效果及注意事项。  相似文献   

地基沉降计算中关键参数的选用     

王慧  李静坡 《地质灾害与环境保护》2012,23(3):99-103

为提高地基沉降变形计算的精度,在分析土体变形参数的基础上,分析沉降计算参数的误用情况,提出孔隙比和压缩模量关键参数的正确选用方法,并以工程实例予以说明.  相似文献   

四川卡拉水电站坝址方案优选研究     

李红英  谭跃虎  李二兵 《地质与勘探》2012,48(5):1023-1028

针对卡拉水电站坝址比选问题,本文基于滑坡风险评价和模糊多属性决策两个方面,分别对坝址比选进行了分析和评价。在滑坡危险性分析、易损性分析和破坏性评价的基础上,通过对滑坡体造成的破坏损失评价,得出基于风险评价的坝址比选结果。同时因坝址方案比选影响因素繁多,建立了坝址方案指标评价体系,对指标进行量化,采用两两比较赋权法确定指标权重,基于模糊多属性决策进行分析得出判断结果。两种方法的比选结果均表明在三个坝址方案中以上坝址方案为最优。  相似文献   

国产绳索取心钻杆设计与制造技术的分析          下载免费PDF全文

满国祥  杨宏伟 《探矿工程》2012,39(2):49-52

介绍了国内外绳索取心钻杆的生产现状,论述了绳索取心钻杆的结构、各种管材的性能、钻杆和接头的选材、螺纹的优化设计和一些特殊工序,最后以89 mm绳索取心钻杆为例,根据不同的设计方案,列出了相应的技术参数供大家参考。  相似文献   

欠发达地区污染企业的区位选择与空间正义     

马蓓蓓  党星  袁水妹  薛东前  宋永永 《地理学报》2022,77(4):1009-1027

污染企业空间管治和优化是提高欠发达地区开发过程中抗风险能力的重要环节。基于空间正义视角,以内陆型欠发达地区黄土高原为例,依据理论指向和侧重点差异,构建了集维度、属性和空间于一体的“5+5+4”污染企业区位分析框架,探讨污染企业在欠发达地区内部形成的格局特征、区位规律及与空间正义的辩证关系。主要结论：① 综合“城乡+边界+权力+经济+环境”5个维度研究结果的共同指向,当前黄土高原污染企业区位整体呈现出典型的区域开发初期“低水平均衡+能矿资源依赖”的空间特征。② 城市网络发育相对成熟的城市群地区是污染企业的主要集聚区,但与发达地区类似的非均衡演化和去一级中心化趋势已初步显现。③ 在城乡空间和制度空间上,研究区未表现出明显的环境保护“城市中心主义”和“污染避难所”现象;在经济空间上,研究区整体处于EKC曲线的上升阶段,地方经济对污染企业存在至少不排斥的依赖关系;在环境空间上,空气质量与污染企业数量属于低水平的正向耦合,但未出现随污染企业集聚空气质量显著下降的演化特征。④ 相对发达的省会城市和区域副中心城市在污染企业布局中呈退出趋势,具有较好工业经济基础和能矿资源赋存的城市群二级节点城市应成为今后环境规制和产业准入等政策关注的重点地区。⑤ 欠发达地区开发过程中污染企业存续或承接的正义性判别是具有辩证性的复杂命题,地理学区域综合分析的学科优势能为该类研究提供科学支撑;本文立足中国区域发展实践构建了以空间正义为理论指向的污染企业区位分析框架,以期为后续研究提供空间视角下的测度工具。  相似文献   

巴基斯坦重要金属成矿带遥感战略选区研究     

刘碧虹  张云峰  张建国  李冬月 《矿产与地质》2014,(2):214-219

巴基斯坦位于全球成矿区划的特提斯成矿域东段,与我国的班公湖—怒江、冈底斯铜多金属矿带同处一个成矿带上,矿产资源丰富。本次研究充分利用遥感技术优势,采用多平台卫星遥感数据,对巴基斯坦重要金属成矿带开展遥感地质解译、蚀变信息提取及综合分析,优选出了7个战略选区,圈定了可供优先开展地质工作的4处找矿有利地段,为我国企业"走出去"开展境外矿产资源勘查提供技术支撑和基础地质矿产信息。  相似文献