图割能量驱动的高分辨率遥感影像震害损毁建筑物检测     

刘莹  陶超  闫培  邹峥嵘 《测绘学报》2017,46(7):910-917

为充分利用高分辨率遥感影像提供的细节信息,提高震害损毁建筑物检测精度,提出了一种图割框架下融合形状、边缘、角点等多种类型特征的损毁建筑物检测方法。该方法首先利用震前建筑物线划图提取包含单个建筑物的局部影像,用于图割能量函数建模,并分别根据建筑物的位置、形状、边缘以及角点构造能量函数的各约束项。在此基础上,通过最大流/最小割算法求解能量函数最小值,依据最小割能量进行地震前后局部影像中建筑物的相似性度量。最后利用最大期望算法(expectation maximization,EM)求得最小割能量的分类阈值,并根据错分率估值执行后处理以获得最终变化检测结果。采用2011年3月11日东日本大地震前后石卷港的高分辨率遥感影像进行试验,结果表明本文提出的方法能有效检测出损毁建筑物。  相似文献   

塔里木河干流上游洪水演进规律分析与数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

王远见  董其华  周海鹰 《干旱区地理》2018,41(6):1143-1150

塔里木河流域的水文特性在过去几十年内发生了深刻变化,源流的年径流总体增加,而干流发生量级洪水的频次与洪峰流量也有显著增长,干流防洪压力不断增长。通过从洪水传播时间、削峰率、耗水率三个方面对塔里木河干流上游（肖夹克-英巴扎）分河段展开系统分析,揭示了干流上游洪水传播的一般规律;在此基础上构建了一维水沙演进的数学模型,模型通过2010年洪水验证后,模拟了2017年干流洪水演进过程,模拟结果精度较高,显示了该数学模型的合理性和广阔的应用前景。研究成果不但从科学上揭示了中亚代表性内陆多沙河流的洪水特性,对于塔里木河干流的防洪管理与洪水资源化利用也有重要意义。  相似文献   

Literature analysis of Dendrolimus disasters based on remote sensing monitoring     

WANG Mingchang  ZHOU Yuyang  LI Mingjie  JI Xue  LIU Ziwei 《世界地质(英文版)》2022,25(1):49-59

Due to global climate change,Dendrolimus pests and diseases seriously threaten the protec-tion of forestry plants and the safety of crops all over the world.This paper aims to discuss the research results and frontier progress of Dendrolimus disasters based on remote sensing monitoring,trying to find the occurrence characteristics of pests.In this paper,bibliometric methods and CiteSpace knowledge graphs were used to analyze the publication trend,highly cited documents,key research institutions,and high-frequency keywords of the extracted documents in the Web of Science(WOS)database.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)The amount of research in WOS is on the rise,but it has declined in recent years.The countries with strong influence in national cooperation are mainly the United States and China.(2)The United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service(USDA ARS)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences have published a lot.This paper reviewed the research progress of high-frequency institutions.(3)The key research topics focus on remote sensing,agriculture,and environmental sciences.Besides,the research hotspots include remote sensing monitoring,climate change,spectral reflectance,vegetation index,and precision agriculture.Finally,we put forward the current challenges and development trends of remote sensing pest monitoring.This paper can provide a reference for the research on remote sensing monitoring of Dendrolimus disasters in the future.  相似文献   

井孔综合成果表自动制作系统   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

于军 《江苏地质》1999,23(2):96-100

简要介绍了井孔综合成果表自动制作系统－ＷＧＳ的总体设计情况,阐述了ＷＧＳ的结构、功能与特色,并给出了该系统在南通市井孔资料卡片管理上的一个应用实例。该系统采用矢量汉字技术,支持ＤＸＦ和ＰＬＴ两种图形文件存贮格式,支持多种类型打印机,并具有自动选择绘图比例、容错能力强,对硬件和软件要求低等优良性能,是一个专业性、实用性较强的绘图软件。  相似文献   

Hierarchically nested river landform sequences. Part 2: Bankfull channel morphodynamics governed by valley nesting structure          下载免费PDF全文

Gregory B. Pasternack  Dastagir Baig  Matthew D. Weber  Rocko A. Brown 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(12):2519-2532

River corridors exhibit landforms nested within landforms repeatedly down spatial scales. In Pasternack et al. ( 2018 ), a new, scale‐independent, hierarchical river classification was developed that uses five landform types to map the domains of a single fluvial process – flow convergence routing – at each of three–five spatial scales. Given those methods, this study investigated the details of how flow convergence routing organizes nested landform sequences. The method involved analyzing landform abundance, sequencing, and hierarchical nesting along the 35 km gravel/cobble lower Yuba River in California. Independent testing of flow convergence routing found that hydraulic patterns at every flow matched the essential predictions from classification, substantiating the process–morphology link. River width and bed elevation sequences exhibit large, nonrandom, and linked oscillations structured to preferentially yield wide bars and constricted pools at base flow and bankfull flow. At a flow of 8.44 times bankfull, there is still an abundance of wide bar and constricted pool landforms, but larger topographic drivers also yield an abundance of nozzle and oversized landforms. The nested structure of flow convergence routing landforms reveals that base flow and bankfull landforms are nested together within specific floodprone valley landform types, and these landform types control channel morphodynamics during moderate to large floods. As a result, this study calls into question the prevailing theory that the bankfull channel of a gravel/cobble river is controlled by in‐channel, bankfull, and/or small flood flows. Such flows may initiate sediment transport, but they are too small to control landform organization in a gravel/cobble river with topographic complexity. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Specifying and Configuring Routing Policies of Relative AS in RPSL     

夏登文  石绥祥  于戈 《海洋通报(英文版)》2004,6(2):9-18

Routing policies specification language (RPSL) allows a network operator to specify routing policies at various levels in the Intemet hierarchy, for example at the autonomous system (AS) level. At the same time, policies can be specified with sufficient detail in RPSL so that the low level router configurations can be generated from them. This paper is a discussion on using the RPSL to describe routing policies of relative AS in the lntemet routing registry (IRR). We first analyze the relationships between a pair of ASes, and then explain how to specify various relative AS routing policies in RPSL. At last, we show an example of configuring routing policiesusing RtConfig that is a tool developed by the Routing Arbiter Project (RAP).  相似文献   

Ice fracturing during jökulhlaups: implications for englacial floodwater routing and outlet development     

Matthew J. Roberts  Andrew J. Russell  Fiona S. Tweed   skar Knudsen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2000,25(13):1429-1446

Theoretical studies of glacial outburst floods (jökulhlaups) assume that: (i) intraglacial floodwater is transported efficiently in isolated conduits; (ii) intraglacial conduit enlargement operates proportionally to increasing discharge; (iii) floodwater exits glaciers through pre‐existing ice‐marginal outlets; and (iv) the morphology and positioning of outlets remains fixed during flooding. Direct field observations, together with historical jökulhlaup accounts, confirm that these theoretical assumptions are not always correct. This paper presents new evidence for spatial and temporal changes in intraglacial floodwater routing during jökulhlaups; secondly, it identifies and explains the mechanisms controlling the position and morphology of supraglacial jökulhlaup outlets; and finally, it presents a conceptual model of the controls on supraglacial outbursts. Field observations are presented from two Icelandic glaciers, Skeiðarárjökull and Sólheimajökull. Video footage and aerial photographs, taken before, during and after the Skeiðarárjökull jökulhlaup and immediately after the Sólheimajökull jökulhlaup, reveal changes in floodwater routing and the positioning and morphology of outlets. Field observations confirm that glaciers cannot transmit floodwater as efficiently as previously assumed. Rapid increases in jökulhlaup discharge generate basal hydraulic pressures in excess of ice overburden. Under these circumstances, floodwater can be forced through the surface of glaciers, leading to the development of a range of supraglacial outlets. The rate of increase in hydraulic pressure strongly influences the type of supraglacial outlet that can develop. Steady increases in basal hydraulic pressure can retro‐feed pre‐existing englacial drainage, whereas transient increases in pressure can generate hydraulic fracturing. The position and morphology of supraglacial outlets provide important controls on the spatial and temporal impact of flooding. The development of supraglacial jökulhlaup outlets provides a new mechanism for rapid englacial debris entrainment. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

车载自组网可信节点与可信路由分析及实现     

邓钧忆  刘衍珩  王健 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2010,(5)

将可信赖平台模块(TPM)芯片引入车载自组织网VANET,提出了一种有效保护地理位置信息路由协议GPSR(贪婪周边无状态路由协议)的可信安全机制,从而能够防止恶意篡改路由协议和邻居位置信息表的行为。在NS2.30下对网络真实场景进行了模拟,证实此可信安全路由协议模型是正确的、有效的和合理的。  相似文献   

利用信任评估进行匿名认证路由协议   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李小青  李晖  朱辉  马建峰 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2010,(5)

根据动态统计节点的行为,引入一种信任评估系统,使节点及时地发现网络中的恶意行为,保证在路由建立过程中各节点不承担过重的安全任务,降低路由协议的复杂度。在路由建立前,完成通信节点与CA的匿名双向认证,有效防止中间人的攻击。提出在路由表中存储节点匿名身份的哈希路由登记表,保证网络匿名安全性的同时,避免重复发起路由,提高路由查找的效率。基于Diffie-Hellman密钥交换算法,完成会话密钥协商。本协议结合对称密码体制和公钥密码体制,结构简单、有效。  相似文献   

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFER FUNCTION CALCULATED FROM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS FOR DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING     

ROGER MOUSSA 《水文研究》1997,11(5):429-449

Recently, several attempts have been made to relate the hydrological response of a catchment to its morphological and topographical features using different hypotheses to model the effect of the drainage network. Several transfer functions were developed and some of these are based on the theory of a linear model, the geomorphological unit hydrograph. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology to automatically identify the transfer function, using digital elevation models for applications in distributed hydrological modelling. The transfer function proposed herein is based on the Hayami approximation solution of the diffusive wave equation especially adapted for the routing hydrograph through a channel network. The Gardon d’Anduze basin, southern France, was retained for applications. Digital elevation models were used to extract the channel network and divide the basin into subcatchments. Each subcatchment produces, at its own outlet, an impulse response which is routed to the outlet of the whole catchment using the diffusive wave model described by two parameters: celerity and diffusivity functions of geometrical characteristics of the channel network. Firstly, a geomorphological unit hydrograph obtained by routing a homogeneous effective rainfall was compared with the unit hydrograph identified by a lumped model scheme, then the distributed model was applied to take into account the spatial variability of effective rainfall in the catchment. Results show that this new method seems to be adapted for distributed hydrological modelling; it enables identification of a transfer function response for each hydrological unit, here subcatchments, and then simulation of the contribution of each unit to the hydrograph at the outlet. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献