Effects of sediment pulses on bed relief in bar‐pool channels          下载免费PDF全文

John P. P. Zunka  Desiree D. Tullos  Stephen T. Lancaster 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(8):1017-1028

To further develop prediction of the range of morphological adjustments associated with sediment pulses in bar‐pool channels, we analyze channel bed topographic data collected prior to and following the removal of two dams in Oregon: Marmot Dam on the Sandy River and Brownsville Dam on the Calapooia River. We hypothesize that, in gravel‐bed, bar‐pool channels, the response of bed relief to sand and gravel sediment pulses is a function of initial relief and pulse magnitude. Modest increases in sediment supply to initially low‐relief, sediment‐poor cross‐sections will increase bed relief and variance of bed relief via bar deposition. Modest increases in sediment supply to initially high‐relief cross‐sections, characteristic of alternate bar morphology, will result in decreased bed relief and variance of relief via deposition in bar‐adjacent pools. These hypothesized adjustments are measured in terms of bed relief, which we define as the difference in elevation between the pool‐bottom and bar‐top. We evaluate how relief varies with sediment thickness, where both relief and mean sediment thickness at a cross‐section are normalized by the 90th percentile of observed relief values within a reach prior to a sediment pulse. Field measurements generally supported the stated hypotheses, demonstrating how introduction of a sediment pulse to low‐relief reaches can increase mean and variance of relief, while introduction to high‐relief reaches can decrease the mean and variance of bed relief, at least temporarily. In general, at both sites, the degree of impact increased with the thickness of sediment delivered to the cross‐section. Results thus suggest that the analysis is a useful step for understanding the morphological effects of sediment pulses introduced to gravel‐bed, bar‐pool channels. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于阴影的资源三号卫星数据城市建筑物高度估算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石义方  汪小钦  孙振海  陈芸芝  付乾坤 《地球信息科学学报》2015,17(2):236-243

利用我国首颗民用高分辨率测绘卫星—ZY3影像,运用面向对象方法及形态学的思想,以形态学建筑物指数MBI和形态学阴影指数MSI,构建了基于知识规则的城市建筑物和阴影信息提取模型,很好地完成了北京方庄小区和厦门软件园的建筑物和阴影的提取,并实现了阴影长度的自动估算。利用太阳、卫星和建筑物成像几何关系,以阴影长度估算了城市建筑物高度,并以实测数据进行精度评价及误差分析。在以北京市方庄小区为例的试验中,建筑物高度提取的平均相对误差为7.08%,绝对误差小于6 m的建筑物占90%以上,80%以上的建筑物相对误差在10%以内,而误差较大的多为阴影较难识别的低矮建筑物和建筑密度较大使得阴影相互遮挡的高层建筑物。在厦门市软件园区实验中,94.3%的建筑物绝对误差在5 m以内,且计算高度与实际高度相关系数达到0.992,进一步验证了所用方法的可靠性。本文提出的建筑物信息提取方法,可很好地实现高分辨率影像城市建筑物高度估算,展示出资源三号卫星数据在城市建筑物信息提取方面的应用潜力。  相似文献   

影区地震的识别与定位     

周建东  ;舒优良  ;高自明  ;马世虎  ;闫俊义 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,(1):50-54

通过分析西安地震台近几年各个方向记录到的影区地震,详细阐述 Lg1、Lg2波的确认方法,运用 Matlab对数据进行分析,给出S波与 Lg1、Lg2波的走时关系式,提高影区地震的分析速度和准确度,为单台大震速报和日常分析提供借鉴经验。  相似文献   

Removal of Cd and Pb in Calcareous Soils by Using Na2EDTA Recycling Washing          下载免费PDF全文

Shujuan Zhang  Zhihui Yang  Baolin Wu  Yangyang Wang  Ruiping Wu  Yingping Liao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(5):641-647

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孔道结构化合物(H3NCH2CH2NH3)3[(VO)4(PO4)2(HPO4)4]的钒氧化态与热稳定性关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨赞中  廖立兵 《地学前缘》2005,12(1):182-187

热处理脱除有机模板易导致VPO体系孔道结构化合物结构破坏,从而阻碍此类材料的实际应用。以孔道结构化合物(H3NCH2CH2NH3)3[(VO)4 (PO4 )2 (HPO4 )4 ](简称V2P3 en)为研究对象,利用热分析(DSC TG)、动态原位高温X 射线衍射(XRD)及多功能X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法,研究了该化合物在不同气氛热处理过程中模板脱除及结构演化规律,重点探讨了钒氧化态的变化对结构稳定性的影响。结果表明,加热过程中随着有机模板的分解脱除,形成较强的还原环境,骨架中的部分钒被还原(V4+→V3+),使原有的配位环境([VⅣO5]三角双锥、[VⅣO6]畸变八面体)与钒的氧化态不符而导致结构重组。因此,钒氧化态的变化是影响热稳定性的重要因素之一。  相似文献   

改性黏土对褐潮生物种Aureococcus anophagefferens的去除研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张雅琪  俞志明  宋秀贤  曹西华  刘扬 《海洋学报》2013,35(3):197-203

褐潮是一种由微微型藻引发的藻华,已连续4年在渤海海域暴发,给当地带来巨大的经济损失。目前,在褐潮尚不能有效预防、预控情况下,如何控制和减少其对生态环境和沿海经济带来的危害,成为一个急需解决的问题。利用改性黏土消除藻华是一种快速有效、并得以多次现场成功应用的方法。考察比较了多种不同产地、不同类型的黏土及其改性后对褐潮生物种Aureococcus anophagef ferens(抑食金球藻)的去除效果,选取5种典型的黏土作为主要的实验材料,开展了不同条件下黏土及其改性后对A. anophagef ferens去除效率的影响研究。实验发现,因A. anophagef ferens个体微小、藻华时密度大,相同用量的黏土或改性黏土对其去除效率低于常见的硅藻、甲藻生物;不同类型黏土对其去除效率有影响,高岭土的去除效率高于蒙脱土;而黏土改性后对A. anophagef ferens的去除效率提高3倍以上。在此基础上,还考察分析了黏土粒径、分散介质等因素对A. anophagef ferens去除效率的影响,为进一步研发安全、高效的褐潮应急消除材料做了有益探索。  相似文献   

A Novel Method for Dye Removal: Ionic Liquid‐Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Extraction (IL‐DLLE)     

Maysam Gharehbaghi  Farzaneh Shemirani 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(3):290-297

A novel, simple, fast, and efficient ionic liquid‐based dispersive liquid–liquid extraction (IL‐DLLE) has been applied to extract and remove Congo Red (CR; a carcinogenic textile dye) from aqueous solutions. In this methodology a binary solution, containing the extraction solvent (1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimmidazolium bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl) imid) and a suitable disperser solvent, was rapidly injected into the water sample containing CR dye. Therewith, a cloudy solution was formed, and most of the dye molecules were extracted into fine IL droplets and removed from aqueous phase. The effects of pH, type, and amount of IL, initial concentration of the dye, type and volume of the dispersant, and concentrations of salt on the extraction of the dye were studied. Experimental surveys were also accomplished for recovery of the IL by applying a reverse dispersive liquid–liquid extraction using acidic stripping solutions.  相似文献   

Research on compound plugging removal technology and its application in Xinmu oilfield of Jilin     

《世界地质(英文版)》2012,(3):252-256

Most fault-block reservoirs in Xinmu oilfield belong to heterogeneous sandstone in characters which has low permeability, and reservoir pollution is a common phenomenon in this area. Acidizing deplugging in oil wells has become one of the major measures to improve production efficiency in the field. A compound deplugging technology in high efficiency low corrosion is developed for this kind of low permeability sandstone reservoir. On the basis of profoundly understanding of the reservoir’s physical properties and sensitivity, along with comprehensive analysis of the cause for jams in oil wells, a series of experiments are carried out in order to investigate the dissolution reaction among samples and deplugging inhibitor, sample dissolving speed, formation fluid compatibility, reduction of secondary pollution, etc. Considered reservoir condition in nearby wells the optimized compositional deplugging liquid formula is selected for this reservoir. It is featured by reducing the deplugging reaction speed, extending solution for processing radius, preventing secondary damage in dissolution processing, and removing plug pollution effectively. To implement this high efficiency low corrosion deplugging measure based on reservoir condition in the borehole and nearby wells, a relatively better result of deplugging and production increasing is achieved, which enriches the measures to increase production in Xinmu oilfield, and this method can be applied to other similar oilfields for the purpose of maintaining the crude oil production and providing assistant for increasing the production significantly.  相似文献   

微压流化式复合生物反应器的同步脱氮     

刘淼  陈睿阳  李广柱  郎贵林 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(3):832-837

通过对曝气系统的调节,微压流化式复合生物反应器（MP-FHBR）内可以实现好氧区和缺氧区共存,利用这一特点和MP-FHBR中同时存在的活性污泥﹑悬浮生物膜复合生物体系,进行了同步脱氮的试验研究。结果表明,MP-FHBR在好氧-缺氧条件下,实现了同步脱氮过程,TN和COD的平均去除率分别达到77.5%和98.3%。降低DO质量浓度使反应器内形成完全缺氧环境,对MP-FHBR同步脱氮效果没有显著影响,但会降低系统去除COD的效果;而提高DO质量浓度使反应器内形成完全好氧环境,MP-FHBR同步脱氮效果显著下降。在一定范围内提高进水COD/TN有利于提高MP-FHBR同步脱氮效果,COD/TN 由2升高到10,TN平均去除率由58.4%提高到78.8%,而继续提高COD/TN对系统同步脱氮效果的影响并不明显。在反应器允许的条件下,提高污泥质量浓度(MLSS)有利于提高系统反硝化脱氮效果,TN去除率随MLSS的增加而提高。  相似文献   

Performance Comparison of Raw and Thermal Modified Rice Husk for Decontamination of Oil Polluted Water          下载免费PDF全文

Zahra Razavi  Nourollah Mirghaffari  Behzad Rezaei 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(2):182-190

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