西部新型智慧城市规划与建设模式探析——以兰州市为例     

杜森  董晓媛  王威  唐相龙 《地理信息世界》2017,24(4)

针对西部欠发达地区新型城镇化发展面临的问题,通过总结地处西部欠发达地区的兰州市在新型智慧城市规划建设框架体系和重点领域,以及兰州市在新型智慧城市建设方面所取得的阶段性成果,提出在大数据背景下兰州新型智慧城市规划建设模式,即以下三方面:一是以政府战略为主导的顶层设计;二是注重智慧民生服务与社会治理;三是开创综合创新型智慧新区建设。最后针对目前兰州新型智慧城市建设阶段,提出今后持续改进的3个着力点:一是建立以"大数据"为依托的新型智慧城市建设战略,二是打破"信息孤岛",加快提升"互联网+政务服务"水平,三是建立"绿色、协调、可持续"的低碳发展构想。  相似文献   

基于CityGML的城市能源消耗分析与可视化——瑞典智慧城市案例     

李冰蟾  毛波 《地理信息世界》2017,24(4)

城市作为人类活动的重要场所,消耗着大量的物资与能源。实现城市的低碳可持续发展对于促进节能减排,保护环境具有重要意义。目前欧盟主要采用推广可再生能源,调节能源价格,改善建筑材质,降低消耗等多种方式推进城市的低碳绿色转型。但各种能源使用与消耗方式缺乏整体全面分析,不利于指定决策与宣传推广。为此,欧盟启动了对于城市的综合能源生产与消费的分析研究项目。该项目主要通过城市三维模型CityGML,实现对于城市建筑模型、能源管网设施,以及能源消耗的标准化数据管理,并通过CityGML自带的应用领域扩展模块实现对于能源消耗模拟所须数据的支持。在统一数据格式的基础上,实现与专业能源分析软件(Energy Plus,Trnsys等)的数据对接,并将分析结果通过CityGML标准实现共享与可视化。该项目以瑞典斯德哥尔摩,瑞典日内瓦等欧洲绿色能源城市为代表,通过将电力、地热能、太阳能等多种能源进行经济、排放分析,结合建筑物的散热,消耗等多种因素,分析各种能源政策可能会产生的环境、经济、人文影响,从而为支持欧洲城市的可持续发展。本文对IntegrCity项目的研究内容、预期成果、组织方式进行了介绍,并总结了基于CityGML的智慧城市的研究方法与可视化策略。这对于我国城市的发展具有促进意义。  相似文献   

地理信息公共服务平台更新运维体系升级策略研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

景清锟  徐启恒  黄滢冰  余谦 《地理信息世界》2017,24(2)

通过对地理信息公共服务平台更新运维体系的解析,指出平台数据模型、更新机制及软硬件支撑环境等方面的局限,从空间数据时空化、运维体系智慧化的角度提出地理信息公共服务平台升级策略,为时空信息云平台建设提供重要参考。  相似文献   

Rural Ecotourism: An Effective Way of Maintaining Indigenous Character in Rapidly Urbanizing Rural Areas: A Case Study of Five Golden Flowers in Chengdu,China     

LI Lu  ZHANG Yujun 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,8(5):485-493

  相似文献   

利用公交刷卡数据分析北京职住关系和通勤出行   总被引：38，自引：5，他引：33  

龙瀛  张宇  崔承印 《地理学报》2012,67(10):1339-1352

基于位置服务(Location Based Service, LBS) 技术为研究城市系统的时空动态规律提供了新的视角, 已往多基于移动通讯(GSM)、全球定位系统(GPS)、社会化网络(SNS) 和无线宽带热点(Wi-Fi) 数据开展研究, 但少有研究利用公交IC 卡刷卡数据进行城市系统分析。普遍存在的LBS数据虽然具有丰富的时间和空间信息, 但缺乏社会维度信息, 使其应用范围受到一定限制。本文基于2008 年北京市连续一周的公交IC 卡(Smart Card Data, SCD) 刷卡数据, 结合2005 年居民出行调查、地块级别的土地利用图, 识别公交持卡人的居住地、就业地和通勤出行, 并将识别结果在公交站点和交通分析小区(TAZ) 尺度上汇总:① 将识别的通勤出行分别从通勤时间和距离角度, 与居民出行调查数据和其他已有北京相关研究进行对比, 显示较好的吻合性;② 对来自3 大典型居住区和去往6 大典型办公区的通勤出行进行可视化并对比分析;③ 对全市基于公交的通勤出行进行可视化, 并识别主要交通流方向。本研究初步提出了从传统的居民出行调查和城市GIS 数据建立规则, 用于SCD数据挖掘的方法, 具有较好的可靠性。  相似文献   

城镇化进程中的空间扩张和土地利用控制   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8  

戴均良  高晓路  杜守帅 《地理研究》2010,29(10):1822-1832

随着中国快速大规模的城镇化进程,城镇人口和产业集聚带来的就业岗位、基础设施、住房和公共服务设施的矛盾日益加剧,而城镇空间的快速扩张和蔓延式发展又成为众多矛盾的焦点。本文从规划理论和经济学理论出发分析了城镇空间扩张的内在动因,通过综述英美日等国家针对城镇空间扩张而采取的土地利用控制政策的经验提出了对策建议,并通过比较研究探讨了城市土地利用的合理标准问题。研究表明,资源环境条件是城镇密度的先决条件,基于亚洲大部分国家的资源环境基础和发展中国家的实际情况,集约化的城镇空间是我国最现实、最合理的选择;交通模式、土地开发模式、住宅开发模式、道路交通税制等是影响城镇密度的关键因素,因此,公共交通比例、住宅开发形式的选择等是对城镇空间密度进行调控的重要手段;城镇密度(人均土地利用指标)的最佳标准应根据交通模式、土地开发模式、住宅开发模式等条件的不同而区别确定。欧美研究学者提出的紧凑型发展模式下的城镇合理人口密度大致在70~150人/hm²之间。基于分析和比较,本研究建议集合住宅比例在80%以上的我国大中城市的人均城镇土地利用指标采用人均80~105 m²的标准,并应在实施过程中从严控制。  相似文献   

智能材料-结构系统在土木工程中的应用   总被引：27，自引：4，他引：23  

瞿伟廉  李卓球  姜德生  官建国  袁润章 《地震工程与工程振动》1999,19(3):87-95

本文在简要说明了“智材料－结构系统”的基本概念和它在土 木工程中的两种应用途径的基础上,较为系统地介绍了光纤材料,碳纤维混凝土,俞合管道、等七种智能材料在土木工程结构中的应用。  相似文献   

Renovated controller designed by genetic algorithms     

Tzu‐Kang Lin  Yi‐Lun Chu  Kuo‐Chun Chang  Chia‐Yun Chang  Hua‐Hsuan Kao 《地震工程与结构动力学》2009,38(4):457-475

A novel smart control system based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed in this paper. The system is comprised of three parts: the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor‐based sensing network for structural health monitoring, the GA‐based location optimizer for sensor arrangement, and the GA‐based controller for vibration mitigation under external excitation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, an eight‐story steel structure was designed specifically to represent a structure with large degrees of freedom. In total 16 FBG sensors were deployed on the structure to implement the concept of a reliable sensing network, and to allow the structure to be monitored precisely under any loading. The advantage of applying a large amount of information from the sensing system is proven theoretically by the GA‐based location optimizer. This result greatly supports the recent tendency of distributing sensors around the structure. Two intuitive GA‐based controllers are then proposed and demonstrated numerically. It is shown that the structure can be controlled more effectively by the proposed GA‐strain controller than by the GA‐acceleration controller, which represents the traditional control method. A shaking table test was carried out to examine the entire system. Experimental verification has demonstrated the feasibility of using this system in practice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Shaking table tests on a masonry building monitored using smart bricks: Damage detection and localization     

Andrea Meoni  Antonella D'Alessandro  Nicola Cavalagli  Massimiliano Gioffré  Filippo Ubertini 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(8):910-928

The seismic behavior of unreinforced masonry buildings is typically characterized by premature brittle collapse mechanisms that can cause serious consequences for the protection of human lives and for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage. Structural health monitoring can be a powerful tool enabling a quick post-earthquake assessment of the structure's performance, but its applications are still scarce as a consequence of the severe limitations affecting off-the-shelf sensing technologies, in terms of local nature of the measurements, costs, as well as long-term behavior, installation, and maintenance. To overcome some of these limitations, the authors have recently proposed a new sensing technology, called “smart brick,” that is a durable clay brick doped with stainless steel microfibers, working as a smart strain sensor for masonry buildings. This paper presents the first full-scale application of smart bricks, used for detecting and localizing progressive earthquake-induced damage in an unreinforced masonry building subjected to shaking table tests. Smart bricks are employed to detect changes in load paths on masonry walls, comparing strain measurements acquired after each step of the seismic sequence with those referring to the undamaged structure. Experimental results are interpreted using a 3D finite element model built to reproduce the shaking table tests. Overall, the results demonstrate that the smart bricks can effectively reveal local permanent changes in structural conditions following a progressive damage, therefore being apt for earthquake-induced damage detection and localization.  相似文献   

Implementation and testing of passive control devices based on shape memory alloys     

Mauro Dolce  Donatello Cardone  Roberto Marnetto 《地震工程与结构动力学》2000,29(7):945-968

Two families of passive seismic control devices exploiting the peculiar properties of shape memory alloy (SMA) kernel components have been implemented and tested within the MANSIDE project (Memory Alloys for New Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation Devices). They are special braces for framed structures and isolation devices for buildings and bridges. Their most important feature is their extreme versatility, i.e. the possibility to obtain a wide range of cyclic behaviour — from supplemental and fully re‐centring to highly dissipating — by simply varying the number and/or the characteristics of the SMA components. Other remarkable properties are their extraordinary fatigue resistance under large strain cycles and their great durability and reliability in the long run. In this paper, the working mechanisms of the SMA based devices are outlined and the experimental tests carried out to verify the above‐mentioned properties are extensively described. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献