Spatial and temporal variability of temperature,precipitation, and streamflow in upper Sang‐kan basin,China          下载免费PDF全文

L. Zhang  R. Karthikeyan  Z. Bai  J. Wang 《水文研究》2017,31(2):279-295

Temporal streamflow variability in an inland hydrologic station and temporal trends and frequency changes at three weather stations in a semiarid river basin located in Loess Plateau, China, were detected by using linear regression, Mann–Kendall analysis, and wavelet transform methods. Double cumulative curve and ordered clustering were used to identify the hydrological periods of upper Sang‐kan (USK) basin between 1957 and 2012. The results indicate that (1) precipitation in the USK basin over the study period did not show any trend, while the temperature showed a significant increase; (2) streamflow flowing out of the USK basin indicated a significant decrease; (3) two distinct hydrological periods – the ‘natural period’ from 1957 to 1984 and the ‘human impact period’ from 1985 to 2012 – were present; and (4) the contributions of climate change and human activities to reduce the streamflow were 36.9% and 63.1% respectively. The results indicate that human activities may be contributing to a decrease in streamflow in the USK basin. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

带有负顾客且具有反馈的M/G/1排队模型     

徐洁  朱翼隽 《成都信息工程学院学报》2007,22(1):126-130

将负顾客和反馈相结合研究了一类带有负顾客且具有反馈的M／G／1排队系统，正顾客服务完会以一定的概率立刻排到队尾等待下一次服务，以一定的概率离开系统，永不再来。这里考虑了负顾客的两种抵消情况，分别是负顾客抵消队列中的最后一个正顾客和负顾客抵消队首的正顾客，并分别给出了它们稳态存在的充分必要条件，利用补充变量法和状态转移分析模型，得到了它们的稳态队长的概率母函数。  相似文献   

Stream flow forecasting using neuro‐wavelet technique     

Özgür Kişi 《水文研究》2008,22(20):4142-4152

This paper proposes the application of a neuro‐wavelet technique for modelling monthly stream flows. The neuro‐wavelet model is improved by combining two methods, discrete wavelet transform and multi‐layer perceptron, for one‐month‐ahead stream flow forecasting and results are compared with those of the single multi‐layer perceptron (MLP), multi‐linear regression (MLR) and auto‐regressive (AR) models. Monthly flow data from two stations, Gerdelli Station on Canakdere River and Isakoy Station on Goksudere River, in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey are used in the study. The comparison results revealed that the suggested model could increase the forecast accuracy and perform better than the MLP, MLR and AR models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analytical model for fully three‐dimensional radial dispersion in a finite‐thickness aquifer     

Jui‐Sheng Chen 《水文研究》2010,24(7):934-945

Analytical solutions for contaminant transport in a non‐uniform flow filed are very difficult and relatively rare in subsurface hydrology. The difficulty is because of the fact that velocity vector in the non‐uniform flow field is space‐dependent rather than constant. In this study, an analytical model is presented for describing the three‐dimensional contaminant transport from an area source in a radial flow field which is a simplest case of the non‐uniform flow. The development of the analytical model is achieved by coupling the power series technique, the Laplace transform and the two finite Fourier cosine transform. The developed analytical model is examined by comparing with the Laplace transform finite difference (LTFD) solution. Excellent agreements between the developed analytical model and the numerical model certificate the accuracy of the developed model. The developed model can evaluate solution for Peclet number up to 100. Moreover, the mathematical behaviours of the developed solution are also studied. More specifically, a hypothetical convergent flow tracer test is considered as an illustrative example to demonstrate the three‐dimensional concentration distribution in a radial flow field. The developed model can serve as benchmark to check the more comprehensive three‐dimensional numerical solutions describing non‐uniform flow contaminant transport. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

How to construct future IDF curves,under changing climate,for sites with scarce rainfall records?          下载免费PDF全文

San Chuin Liew  Srivatsan V. Raghavan  Shie‐Yui Liong 《水文研究》2014,28(8):3276-3287

Optimal designs of stormwater systems rely very much on the rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves. As climate has shown significant changes in rainfall characteristics in many regions, the adequacy of the existing IDF curves is called for particularly when the rainfall are much more intense. For data sparse sites/regions, developing IDF curves for the future climate is even challenging. The current practice for such regions is, for example, to ‘borrow’ or ‘interpolate’ data from regions of climatologically similar characteristics. A novel (3‐step) Downscaling‐Comparison‐Derivation (DCD) approach was presented in the earlier study to derive IDF curves for present climate using the extracted Dynamically Downscaled data an ungauged site, Darmaga Station in Java Island, Indonesia and the approach works extremely well. In this study, a well validated (3‐step) DCD approach was applied to develop present‐day IDF curves at stations with short or no rainfall record. This paper presents a new approach in which data are extracted from a high spatial resolution Regional Climate Model (RCM; 30 × 30 km over the study domain) driven by Reanalysis data. A site in Java, Indonesia, is selected to demonstrate the application of this approach. Extremes from projected rainfall (6‐hourly results; ERA40 Reanalysis) are first used to derive IDF curves for three sites (meteorological stations) where IDF curves exist; biases observed resulting from these sites are captured and serve as very useful information in the derivation of present‐day IDF curves for sites with short or no rainfall record. The final product of the present‐day climate‐derived IDF curves fall within a specific range, +38% to +45%. This range allows designers to decide on a value within the lower and upper bounds, normally subjected to engineering, economic, social and environmental concerns. Deriving future IDF curves for Stations with existing IDF curves and ungauged sites with simulation data from RCM driven by global climate model (GCM ECHAM5) (6‐hourly results; A2 emission scenario) have also been presented. The proposed approach can be extended to other emission scenarios so that a bandwidth of uncertainties can be assessed to create appropriate and effective adaptation strategies/measures to address climate change and its impacts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Consolidation analysis of saturated multi‐layered soils with anisotropic permeability caused by a point sink     

Zhi Yong Ai  Wen Ze Zeng 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(7):758-770

This paper presents the analytical layer‐element method to analyze the consolidation of saturated multi‐layered soils caused by a point sink by considering the anisotropy of permeability. Starting from the governing equations of the problem, the solutions of displacements and stresses for a single soil layer are obtained in the Laplace–Hankel transformed domain. Then, the analytical layer‐element method is utilized to further derive the solutions for the saturated multi‐layered soils in the transformed domain by combining with the boundary conditions of the soil system and continuity conditions between adjacent layers. The actual solutions in the physical domain can be acquired by the inversion of Laplace–Hankel transform. Numerical results are carried out to show the accuracy and stability of the proposed method and evaluate the influence of sink depth and anisotropic permeability on excess pore pressure and surface settlement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

仿生自补偿一体式高胎体孕镶金刚石取心钻头研究          下载免费PDF全文

高科  王金龙  赵研  张宗正  谢晓波 《探矿工程》2022,49(1):16-24

针对孕镶金刚石钻头齿间相互独立,在坚硬地层中钻进极易产生打滑和单齿受力太大导致钻头损坏的难题,引入仿生爪趾结构原理和自补偿理念,研制了仿生自补偿一体式高胎体孕镶金刚石取心钻头。钻头的一体式切削齿设计,主要在单齿的齿单元间采用加强筋方式强化单齿强度,单齿与单齿间设置齿间加强筋加强,使得钻头相邻齿单元、相邻单齿间相互连接形成一个整体,在钻进过程中,钻头齿的工作唇面会产生多个超过岩石极限破坏强度但远低于钻头胎体强度的应力集中区域,不容易出现少数几个接近或超过钻头胎体强度的应力集中区域的情况。如此,钻头的整体性更好,受力均匀,切削岩石的效率更高,寿命更长,尤其对于坚硬地层,防打滑效果更好。经现场试验表明：仿生自补偿一体式高胎体孕镶金刚石取心钻头较常规钻头具有更高的碎岩效率和更长的使用寿命。  相似文献   

基于相似性原理超固结土不排水扩张半解析解     

李镜培  刘耕云  周攀 《岩土力学》2022,43(3):582-590

在实际工程中,土体往往因卸载、再加载等复杂应力路径而处于超固结状态,而现有的圆孔扩张问题的计算模型往往不能反映超固结土中剪胀、软化等一些特殊性质。为了解决这一问题,基于相似性原理和统一硬化（UH）模型,结合相关联的流动法则和大变形理论,采用相似求解技术求解了超固结土不排水扩张问题的半解析解答。通过理想化算例分析了圆孔扩张挤土产生的应力和孔压响应,并通过分析不同超固结比OCR的土体应力路径的变化规律,讨论了UH模型的适用性。结果表明：对于轻超固结土,空腔周围土体孔压在塑性区沿径向单调递减,随着OCR增大,塑性区内孔压分布呈现出“S”形的趋势,孔壁附近的孔压逐渐减小,孔壁周围甚至出现负孔压。随着OCR增大,压力?扩张曲线收敛变慢。在扩孔过程中正常固结土一直处于剪缩硬化阶段。而对于超固结土,土体则经历了临界状态→剪胀硬化阶段→临界（特征）状态→剪缩硬化阶段。该研究成果不仅丰富了相似求解技术的应用,而且为超固结土中桩基承载力、隧道围岩变形预测和原位测试参数等岩土工程问题的计算提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

高陡岩质边坡生态修复试验     

张鹏程  孟文涛  卢刚 《江苏地质》2022,46(1):80-83

高陡岩质边坡立地条件差,水热容量小,不具备植物生长所必需的土壤环境,其生态修复是目前山体生态恢复的一大难题。针对江苏连云港云山风景区马涧通道生态修复的需要,选取3种不同黏合剂进行喷播修复,开展生态修复基质试验研究,分析采用不同黏合剂的生态修复基质的施工及效果等情况,为后续马涧通道边坡生态修复工程的整体实施提供借鉴。  相似文献   

铅污染对黄土宏观持水性能和微观结构演化的影响研究     

文少杰  郑文杰  胡文乐 《岩土力学》2023,(2):451-460

垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的重金属与土体发生物理化学反应,可能导致土体微观结构的改变,重金属等有毒物质得以扩散、运移,威胁人体健康和周边环境。为探究重金属污染对黄土宏观持水性及微观结构的影响,采用轴平移技术测得铅污染黄土的土-水特征曲线。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、压汞（MIP）、X射线衍射（XRD）和Zeta电位试验,阐明细观结构变化特征。结果表明：铅污染黄土的进气值随铅离子浓度的增加而减小,当铅污染浓度由0 mg/kg增加至2 000 mg/kg时,进气值从19.18 kPa下降至12.12 kPa;铅污染导致持水性能降低,渗透系数随铅离子浓度的增加而增加,饱和渗透系数从7.92×10–8 m/s增加到3.73×10–7 m/s;铅污染引起的物理化学反应及Zeta电位的降低导致絮凝结构形成,小孔隙占比减小,中孔隙占比增加;铅污染引起的微观结构演化与宏观持水性和渗透性具有良好的对应关系。该研究结果可为重金属污染场地非饱和渗流及溶质运移等问题的研究提供重要参数。  相似文献