High-resolution simulation of upper-ocean submesoscale variability in the South China Sea: Spatial and seasonal dynamical regimes     

Haijin Cao  Xin Meng  Zhiyou Jing  Xiaoxiao Yang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(7):26-41

Submesoscale processes in marginal seas usually have complex generating mechanisms, highly dependent on the local background flow and forcing. This numerical study investigates the spatial and seasonal differences of submesoscale activities in the upper ocean of the South China Sea (SCS) and the different dynamical regimes for sub-regions. The spatial and seasonal variations of vertical vorticity, horizontal convergence, lateral buoyancy gradient, and strain rate are analyzed to compare the submesoscale phenomenon within four sub-regions, the northern region near the Luzon Strait (R1), the middle ocean basin (R2), the western SCS (R3), and the southern SCS (R4). The results suggest that the SCS submesoscale processes are highly heterogeneous in space, with different seasonalities in each sub-region. The submesoscale activities in the northern sub-regions (R1, R2) are active in winter but weak in summer, while there appears an almost seasonal anti-phase in the western region (R3) compared to R1 and R2. Interestingly, no clear seasonality of submesoscale features is shown in the southern region (R4). Further analysis of Ertel potential vorticity reveals different generating mechanisms of submesoscale processes in different sub-regions. Correlation analyses also show the vertical extent of vertical velocity and the role of monsoon in generating submesoscale activities in the upper ocean of sub-regions. All these results suggest that the sub-regions have different regimes for submesoscale processes, e.g., Kuroshio intrusion (R1), monsoon modulation (R2), frontal effects (R3), topography wakes (R4).  相似文献   

南海北部最小含氧带水下滑翔机观测结果初步分析*     

马梦真  李芊  吴正超  陈寅超  俞建成 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(1):131-142

最小含氧带(Oxygen Minimum Zone, OMZ)是指海洋中层水体处存在的稳定的溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen, DO)极小值层, OMZ的分布与变化对南海生态系统和生地化循环具有重要意义。本文利用2019年7—9月“海翼”号水下滑翔机(Sea-wing Glider)在南海北部陆坡区的组网观测数据, 对南海北部陆坡区OMZ的空间分布特征进行了分析。结果显示, 在垂向上, 研究区域内DO极小值层出现在深度约700~900m处, 其浓度约为80~100μmol·L^-1, 且700~900m深度范围内DO浓度变化不大, 形成了厚度约为200m的OMZ。在水平方向上, OMZ自陆坡西南部起向东北方向延伸, 厚度由西南至东北逐渐变薄, 整体呈楔形分布, 并在靠近吕宋海峡处逐渐消失。此外, 本研究还选取了两台水下滑翔机7—8月连续两周内的观测数据, 经计算显示, OMZ区域内的DO浓度在跨陆坡方向上的平均变化速率为0.023μmol·L^-1·d^-1(增加), 在沿陆坡方向上为-0.034μmol·L^-1·d^-1(减少)。沿吕宋海峡入侵南海的高氧水能够解释OMZ东北部DO浓度局部升高的现象, OMZ的分布特征和形成原因与海水的平流运动、水团分布和水体层化等物理过程, 以及生物呼吸、有机物分解和还原性物质的氧化等多种影响因素有关。  相似文献   

基于CiteSpace的国内外海洋空间规划研究发展态势分析          下载免费PDF全文

王珏  郭振  张志卫  孙永根 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(1):12-22

海洋空间规划是一个对海洋资源可持续开发利用的规划和管理过程。文章采用可视化工具CiteSpace,基于WOS核心合集和CNKI数据库,系统梳理分析2000—2020年海洋空间规划领域的国内外研究主题及其突现词演变路径。结果表明:当前国内外海洋空间规划相关研究数量总体呈上升趋势,美国、澳大利亚和英国3国占比超过50%,各机构间合作度较高、跨国交流活跃;国际方面,栖息地、海洋保护区域、渔业发展、生物多样性是热点研究方向,国内则更加关注陆海统筹和可持续发展;近20年来,国际研究趋势变化为"空间规划体系的构建-空间规划尺度的拓展及跨界研究-经验总结与环境保护",国内规划时期则从"空间规划政策综合管理-具体功能区划分-可持续发展"不断发展;在此基础上提出未来深入探索的重点领域以及建议。  相似文献   

乡村振兴视阈下冰雪旅游高质量发展的空间联动逻辑与双轮驱动机制     

薛芮  余吉安 《地理研究》2023,42(2):407-421

冰雪旅游是冰雪产业、文化产业、旅游产业的集合,在乡村振兴和生态文明建设的大背景下,冰雪旅游的高质量发展需要在经济提升与文化传承之间实现一种主体间的和谐,这种和谐的达成与旅游场域下乡村冰雪旅游地的空间结构演变密切相关,因此以空间范式为轴心的冰雪旅游研究十分有必要。以理论推演和模型构建为方法,依次分析冰雪旅游在乡村振兴中的多元利益主体博弈与文化资本实践的双轮驱动机制、解构在双轮驱动之下冰雪旅游地的空间体系、论述冰雪旅游高质量发展所需要的空间联动逻辑,结果发现：乡村冰雪旅游地空间是动静结合、虚实共存的多维体系,在双轮驱动下重构为地理空间和信息空间的双层空间结构,以及生态空间、生产空间、生活空间、旅游空间的四维空间网络,各层子空间彼此交互联动。从空间体系出发的乡村冰雪旅游高质量发展,需要依靠文化资本实践丰富冰雪旅游产品供给、深化利益主体博弈下的社区协调、通过空间联动优化乡村冰雪旅游规划。  相似文献   

多重流空间视角下的中国城市网络空间结构特征及组织模式     

沈文成  李培庆  姚雯雯  赵新正  任冶  郑雅诗  姜永青 《地理研究》2023,42(2):514-533

城市关系网络化是城市体系结构发展的重要趋势,不同要素流空间网络下的城市体系在空间组织上不尽相同,依托单一要素对网络进行表征的结果具有明显的局限性。本文基于企业联系、科研合作、人口迁徙和引力模拟四类要素网络,从城市节点、路径联系、社区特征等角度剖析多重流空间视角下中国城市网络的外部空间特征与差异,并探究城市间联系的内在模式规律。结果表明：(1)多维数据源视角下构建的多重城市网络在空间组织上表现出相似稳定性和多元差异性的统一。(2)一定程度上依赖于基础设施运转的人流、物流等网络受到地理距离的约束较大,相邻地区的小团体特征明显,社区结构较强;而资金流、信息流等实体性较弱的要素则突破了这种地理限制,发生联系的重点在于目标城市对于要素流的吸引力,社区结构较弱。(3)目前全国城市联系形态上具有层级性和扁平化的双重特征,据此本文基于“管道-蜂鸣”模型提出“社区蜂鸣-守门员-区域管道”城市空间组织模式,这一模式对于阐述中国的城市联系特征具有较好的适用性,可在全国识别出10个核心守门员城市和8个类型区。  相似文献   

空间视角下城乡物流网络的内涵、构成要素与研究框架     

王钊  李涛  黄文杰 《地理科学》2023,43(1):82-91

地理学视角的物流网络研究已成为物流科学领域的热点方向。从地理学的空间视角出发,在明确城乡物流网络理论来源和相关概念的基础上,对城乡物流网络的内涵、构成及研究框架进行梳理。基于研究,首先给出了城乡物流网络的定义,认为城乡物流网络的本质是旧的城市物流网络和乡村物流网络在空间上的延伸、衔接和提效。其次,从空间视角将城乡物流网络分解为节点、连线和域面3要素,指出网络各要素均出现了功能强化和更新,如节点的管理、衔接和经济社会功能强化;连线的联结功能和平衡功能出现,域面的协同组织、动态调整功能突出。最后,遵循地理学“格局-过程-机理-决策”的科学逻辑,提出“数据采集与融合、要素映射与解析、时空比较与分析、机理探究与优化”4个模块的城乡物流网络分析框架,为深刻揭示城乡物流网络结构及其演化机理提供基础。进一步指出未来应探讨城乡物流节点、连线、域面及网络的地区类型、区域适宜性及要素间相互作用机制,提炼适应不同区域、能有效提升要素流通效应的多尺度空间组织模式,加强对城乡要素流通系统的科学认知,科学支撑城乡地域融合发展实践。  相似文献   

Esophageal cancer spatial and correlation analyses：Water pollution,mortality rates,and safe buffer distances in China     

ZHANG Xueyan  ZHUANG Dafang  MA Xin  JIANG Dong 《地理学报》2014,24(1):46-58

Esophageal cancer exhibits one of the highest incidence and mortality rates in China. Malignant tumors caused by esophageal cancer, and the relationship to environmental factors has been the focus of many public health studies. This study applied spatial analysis to ascertain the relationship between water pollution and esophageal cancer mortality rates nationwide. We employed two datasets, including a national investigation of esophageal cancer rates and distribution, and national water quality grades in China's primary rivers and lakes. Esophageal cancer data were grouped based on different water quality grades, which included a scaled buffer distance from rivers and lakes. Non-parametric correlation analyses were performed to examine the presence or absence of the following correlations: (i) esophageal cancer mortality and buffer distance from rivers and lakes; and (ii) esophageal cancer mortality and water quality grade values. The present study revealed a significant positive correlation between widespread water pollution and esophageal cancer mortality nationwide; and a significant negative correlation between esophageal cancer mortality, and buffer distance from rivers and lakes.  相似文献   

Terrestrial surface-area increment: the effects of topography,DEM resolution,and algorithm     

Ling-Xiao Ying  Shi-Long Piao  Yu Liu  George P. Malanson 《自然地理学》2014,35(4):297-312

The area increment of land surface compared with its projected area is an effect of topographic relief and is also a source of environmental variations. To examine the effects of topography and data resolution on surface area calculation, we calculated incremental area coefficients (IACs), based on two different algorithms, for a DEM of China at a series of spatial resolutions. Sampling the DEM with a regional network of 50?km?×?50?km cell size, we explored the relationships among the two IACs and topographic features. Both IACs studied were exponential functions of resolution. At 30-m resolution, the IACs were 4.31 and 4.89% over China, respectively. The largest increment for a 50?km?×?50?km cell was >45%. Between the IACs there was a linear relationship that varied with DEM resolution. Hierarchical variation partitioning revealed that the factors included contributed in a very similar percentage composition to the two IACs, mean slope (37.5 or 38.7%) and standard deviation of slope (22.3 or 19.6%) at local scale dominated the area increment, followed by regional elevation range. Data resolution contributed about 10%, while the deviation of slope exposure only had minimal (1.4 or 1.7%) impact on surface-area increment. For a specific type of geomorphology, a threshold resolution of DEM can be determined, below which the surface-area increment (i.e., IAC) is negligible. Our results provided the first comprehensive estimate of the contributions of the topographic features, DEM resolution, and algorithms for the surface-area increment, and indicated the scale-related properties and potential environmental consequences of topographic heterogeneity in various estimates of natural resources and ecosystem functions when area needs to be taken into account.  相似文献   

Ecological Modernization or Aristocratic Conservation? Exploring the Impact of Affluence on Carbon Emissions at the Local Level     

Andrew Pattison  Robert Habans  Matthew Thomas Clement 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(8):850-866

Social scientists have debated how affluence impacts carbon emissions at the national level. We conduct an exploratory study at the subnational level to expose another dimension of the affluence–emissions debate. Based on the notion of aristocratic conservation, we hypothesize that affluence is positively related to carbon emissions from consumption activities but negatively related to emissions from production activities. We test these hypotheses using county-level data in the United States for the year 2002. A spatial regression analysis demonstrates that median household income is positively associated with consumption-based emissions; nevertheless, we find evidence of an environmental inequality Kuznets curve in the relationship between median household income and production-based emissions. This finding suggests that the wealthiest counties are able to displace certain types of emissions, specifically those related to energy and industrial production. We discuss the theoretical and political implications of these results.  相似文献   

东北地区风能资源空间分布特征与模拟   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

谢今范  刘玉英  王玉昆  张亮  于秀晶 《地理科学》2014,(12):1497-1503

利用东北地区104个气象站1991~2010年观测资料和70个测风塔2009年6月~2010年5月测风资料,进行了风能资源空间分布特征分析,并利用中尺度模式WRF进行风能资源空间模拟,以研究观测站点稀少地区的风能资源分布特征。研究结果表明:1东北地区气象站和测风塔揭示的大风区域主要分布在平原和丘陵的高海拔地带。2中尺度模式WRF能够较好地模拟东北区域风速分布的气候特征,模拟结果既反映出平原大面积的大风区域,也可反映出山区因地形起伏造成的风速空间分布差异。3对风能资源参数模拟结果进行海拔高度订正,可以进一步提高模式计算结果的准确性和可靠性。4松嫩平原、辽河平原、三江平原70 m高度年平均风功率密度在300~500 W/m2之间,属于风能资源可利用区或较丰富区;在辽宁省西部、吉林省中部和黑龙江省中部丘陵以及东北地区东南部的呈东北-西南走向的中高山区的70 m年平均风功率密度可达300 W/m2以上,局部地方可达500 W/m2以上,风能资源丰富。  相似文献