排序方式： 共有70条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
草原生产力及其对气候变化的响应是全球变化研究的热点。利用ArcGIS插值技术,将蒙古高原32个气象站点数据插值成1°×1°的格点数据,然后利用CENTURY模型模拟了蒙古高原1961—2016年草原地上净初级生产力（ANPP）时空分布特征。结果表明：（1） CENTURY模型模拟的蒙古高原草原ANPP时空分布能够很好地反映该区域草原生产力的变化,草原ANPP分布由北向南,由东向西逐渐减少。（2） 草甸草原和典型草原单产均呈波动下降趋势,草甸草原下降速率较大,荒漠草原单产呈波动上升趋势,草原总产以典型草原最大,荒漠草原面积虽然最大,但总产最低。（3） 降水对草原生产力起主导作用,湿期会有荒漠草原→典型草原→草甸草原的转化,而干期的转化过程正好相反。从暖湿期→冷干期转换时,蒙古草原总产下降幅度最大,相反,则增产幅度最大。 相似文献
32.
海岸线对沿海地区生态环境、潮间带的滩涂资源量以及湿地生态系统等都具有重要的影响。基于遥感与GIS技术,提取并矢量化了山东省威海地区1988、1994、1999、2007、2014年和2017年6个时期的海岸线,对其30 a来的时空变化及其驱动力进行了研究。结果表明:威海市海岸线的变化主要体现在不同岸线类型长度所占比例的改变;在总长度上,威海市海岸线呈现出持续增长的趋势,30 a间增加了74. 7 km,增长速率为2. 49 km/a;在岸线类型方面,该地区以人工岸线为主,其中养殖围堤的比重最大,占岸线总长度的39. 4%。研究认为,威海市海岸线的变化主要受人为因素的影响,这些因素会引起海岸带多种资源和生态过程的改变,会直接影响沿海人们的生存和发展。 相似文献
33.
地质作用的自组织临床界过程动力学：地质系统在温沌边缘分形生成（下） 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
笔者对复杂性科学中的自组织临界性、瞬态混沌、混沌边缘和弱混沌四大理论和研究领域就其发展现状和最近动态作用的巨大耗散动力学的时－空演化这个统一事物的本质的面面观。笔者进一步将四者的相互关系归纳成一个重要垢例题：自然界中开放、远离平衡、相互作用的巨大耗散动力学系统的时－空演化服从“自组织临界过程动力学”并且系统“在混沌边缘分形生长。”地 自然界中的一种既十分重要,又异常复杂的开放、远离平衡、相互作用的 相似文献
34.
在分析道路交通数据时空特征的基础上,引入多粒度时空数据模型,对道路交通实体对象进行面向对象的抽象,进而对交通网络数据进行组织,设计了交通实体时空信息的整体构架,实现对道路交通时空数据的多粒度组织与管理。 相似文献
35.
在时空数据模型的基础上引入时空量化的思想,将对象进行空间和时间的多粒度形式化表达,同时结合面向对象和基态修正模型的设计理念,提出了一种基于多粒度的时空数据概念模型和逻辑模型的构建方法,实现对时空数据分层多粒度的组织与管理。 相似文献
36.
J. P. Galve F. Gutiérrez P. Lucha J. Guerrero J. Bonachea J. Remondo A. Cendrero 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(3):437-452
A method for quantitatively assessing sinkhole susceptibility (spatial probability) and hazard (spatio‐temporal probability) has been developed and independently tested in a 50 km2 sector of the Ebro Valley evaporite karst. Three genetic types of sinkholes have been mapped in the floodplain and a terrace surface: 947 small cover‐collapse sinkholes (type 1, terrace), large collapse sinkholes (type 2, floodplain) and large subsidence depressions (type 3, floodplain). The type 1 sinkhole inventory includes two temporal populations: 447 sinkholes formed before 24 November 2005, and 500 between that date and 2 November 2006. Sinkhole susceptibility models have been elaborated analysing the statistical relationships between the sinkholes of the 2005 inventory and a set of potential conditioning factors. The independent evaluation (validation) of the susceptibility models by means of several strategies (random, sequentially excluded, and temporal) has allowed us to select the most significant variables for each sinkhole type and assess quantitatively the quality of models; which are reasonable for the three sinkhole types. Validation has also provided information on the contribution of specific variables and the effect of changing their accuracy to the prediction capability of models. Susceptibility models for type 3 sinkholes have been validated satisfactorily with the 2006 sinkhole inventory (temporal validation). The best susceptibility model has been transformed into a hazard map considering the frequency of sinkholes that occurred in each susceptibility class between 2005 and 2006, as well as their average size. The susceptibility and hazard models obtained could be used as an objective basis for the application of mitigation measures, either of preventive or corrective nature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
37.
Nearby catchments in the same landscape are often assumed to have similar specific discharge (runoff per unit catchment area). Five years of streamflow from 14 nested catchments in a 68 km2 landscape was used to test this assumption, with the hypothesis that the spatial variability in specific discharge is smaller than the uncertainties in the measurement. The median spatial variability of specific discharge, defined as subcatchment deviation from the catchment outlet, was 33% at the daily scale. This declined to 24% at a monthly scale and 19% at an annual scale. These specific discharge differences are on the same order of magnitude as predicted for major land‐use conversions or a century of climate change. Spatial variability remained when considering uncertainties in specific discharge, and systematic seasonal patterns in specific discharge variation further provide confidence that these differences are more than just errors in the analysis of catchment area, rainfall variability or gauging. Assuming similar specific discharge in nearby catchments can thus lead to spurious conclusions about the effects of disturbance on hydrological and biogeochemical processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
38.
空间权重矩阵的生成方法分析与实验 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
区域空间动力学过程 (例如疾病传播、区域社会经济可持续发展等 )所涉及的数据样本和状态变量都是以区域多边形形式存在的。区域群发展在空间上的此起彼伏和相互影响则是通过区域之间相互联系得以实现的 ,空间权重矩阵用以传载这一作用过程。因此 ,构建区域空间连接权重矩阵是建立区域空间动力学方程的核心问题之一。本文分析了空间权重矩阵的不同生成方法 ,并对空间权重矩阵的一种形式. 相似文献
39.
40.
In this study, uncertainty in model input data (precipitation) and parameters is propagated through a physically based, spatially distributed hydrological model based on the MIKE SHE code. Precipitation uncertainty is accounted for using an ensemble of daily rainfall fields that incorporate four different sources of uncertainty, whereas parameter uncertainty is considered using Latin hypercube sampling. Model predictive uncertainty is assessed for multiple simulated hydrological variables (discharge, groundwater head, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture). Utilizing an extensive set of observational data, effective observational uncertainties for each hydrological variable are assessed. Considering not only model predictive uncertainty but also effective observational uncertainty leads to a notable increase in the number of instances, for which model simulation and observations are in good agreement (e.g., 47% vs. 91% for discharge and 0% vs. 98% for soil moisture). Effective observational uncertainty is in several cases larger than model predictive uncertainty. We conclude that the use of precipitation uncertainty with a realistic spatio‐temporal correlation structure, analyses of multiple variables with different spatial support, and the consideration of observational uncertainty are crucial for adequately evaluating the performance of physically based, spatially distributed hydrological models. 相似文献