基于光谱混合分解的流域不透水面提取及其动态分析——以于桥水库为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢慧君  李崇巍  张亚娟  孙亚芳  程丽  潘玲 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(10):34-37

不透水面不仅是城市非点源污染的主要来源,还是流域生态环境变化的主要因素之一。不透水面的数量、位置、几何形状、分布格局以及透水率与不透水率的比值,均影响着流域的水文环境,因此成为研究热点。本文以天津于桥水库流域为例,综合遥感(RS)与地理信息系统(GIS)技术,从流域尺度上研究1984~2013年间不透水面覆盖度的变化。在ENVI 5.1软件支持下,利用遥感影像获取1984,1994,2004和2013年4个时相的不透水面信息。采用修正后的归一化水体指数剔除水体信息,排除水体对不透水面提取精度的影响。运用线性光谱混合分析法(Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis,LSMA),提取流域不透水面覆盖度。结果表明:流域内不透水面覆盖度大多集中在1~5级,植被覆盖程度较高。近30年间不透水面比例逐年增加,2013年比1984年增加了2.802%,呈线性增长。中等分辨率的遥感影像适合流域尺度的不透水面提取的结果可作为流域水文及规划管理的重要基础性数据。  相似文献   

Local Participation in Woodland Management in the Southern Riyadh Area: Implications for Agricultural Extension          下载免费PDF全文

Faisal Sultan Al‐Subaiee 《Geographical review》2015,105(4):408-428

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Extension and magmatism in the Cerocahui basin,northern Sierra Madre Occidental,western Chihuahua,Mexico     

Bryan P. Murray  Cathy J. Busby  María de los Angeles Verde Ramírez 《International Geology Review》2015,57(5-8):893-918

The Sierra Madre Occidental of northwestern Mexico is the biggest silicic large igneous province of the Cenozoic, yet very little is known about its geology due to difficulties of access to much of this region. This study presents geologic maps and two new U-Pb zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ages from the Cerocahui basin, a previously unmapped and undated ~25 km-long by ~12 km-wide half-graben along the western edge of the relatively unextended core of the northern Sierra Madre Occidental silicic large igneous province. Five stratigraphic units are defined in the study area: (1) undated welded to non-welded silicic ignimbrites that underlie the rocks of the Cerocahui basin, likely correlative to Oligocene-age ignimbrites to the east and west; (2) the ca. 27.5–26 Ma Bahuichivo volcanics, comprising mafic-intermediate lavas and subvolcanic intrusions in the Cerocahui basin; (3) alluvial fan deposits and interbedded distal non-welded silicic ignimbrites of the Cerocahui clastic unit; (4) basalt lavas erupted into the Cerocahui basin following alluvial deposition; and (5) silicic hypabyssal intrusions emplaced along the eastern margin of the basin and to a lesser degree within the basin deposits.

The main geologic structures in the Cerocahui basin and surrounding region are NNW-trending normal faults, with the basin bounded on the east by the syndepositional W-dipping Bahuichivo–Bachamichi and Pañales faults. Evidence of syndepositional extension in the half-graben (e.g. fanning dips, unconformities, coarsening of clastic deposits toward basin-bounding faults) indicates that normal faulting was active during deposition in the Cerocahui basin (Bahuichivo volcanics, Cerocahui clastic unit, and basalt lavas), and may have been active earlier based on regional correlations.

The rocks in the Cerocahui basin and adjacent areas record: (1) the eruption of silicic outflow ignimbrite sheets, likely erupted from caldera sources to the east during the early Oligocene pulse of the mid-Cenozoic ignimbrite flare-up, mostly prior to synextensional deposition in the Cerocahui basin (pre-27.5 Ma); (2) synextensional late Oligocene mafic-intermediate composition magmatism and alluvial fan sedimentation (ca. 27.5–24.5 Ma), which occurred during the lull between the Early Oligocene and early Miocene pulses of the ignimbrite flare-up; and (3) post-extensional emplacement of silicic hypabyssal intrusions along pre-existing normal faults, likely during the early Miocene pulse of the ignimbrite flare-up (younger than ca. 24.5 Ma). The timing of extensional faulting and magmatism in the Cerocahui basin and surrounding area generally coincides with previous models of regional-scale middle Eocene to early Miocene southwestward migration of active volcanism and crustal extension in the northern Sierra Madre Occidental controlled by post-late Eocene (ca. 40 Ma) rollback/fallback of the subducted Farallon slab.  相似文献   

南海地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度估计     

龚正  李志刚  胡立天  熊建国  孙闯 《大地测量与地球动力学》2021,41(6):572-576

分析了测高卫星同时应用于重力模型和地形模型时对计算南海地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度的影响,该影响可能会高估有效弹性厚度值。对比多项研究认为,南沙群岛地区岩石圈的有效弹性厚度约为9 km。通过对南海地区岩石圈的有效弹性厚度分布进行计算发现,南海海盆的有效弹性厚度最小约为4 km,南海周边的有效弹性厚度值较高,与海底岩石圈年龄的空间分布有较强的相关性,符合南海海盆扩张的历史。  相似文献   

基底断层在断陷盆地断层系统发育中的作用——以苏北盆地南部高邮凹陷为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱光  姜芹芹  朴学峰  谢成龙 《地质学报》2013,87(4):441-452

苏北盆地南部的高邮凹陷,是一古近纪半地堑式断陷盆地。其中发育了近东西向、北东东向与北北东向3套断层系统。高邮凹陷基底存在着中三叠世末前陆变形所形成的北东东向逆冲断层与晚侏罗世北北东向左行平移断层。古近纪期间该凹陷处于近南北向拉伸的区域伸展应力状态,近东西向断层就是在此应力作用下新生的正断层。高邮凹陷边界上总体北东东向的真①断层、吴①断层与柳菱断层皆是追踪北东东与北北东向两组基底断层而发育的,并以前者为主。它们呈现为右行平移正断层活动,因而真①断层派生了3条左阶雁列状的真②断层。凹陷中、西部大量出现的北东东向断层,一方面是由于南、北边界上北东东向断层影响了局部应力状态,另一方面也有部分是复活的基底断层。凹陷内部北北东向断层皆为复活的基底断层,以活动早、规模小为特征。高邮凹陷各类基底断层的复活方式包括形成直接复活断层、派生雁列状断层、断续分布断层与连接断层。高邮凹陷断层系统的形成机制表明,区域应力状态与基底断层是决定断陷盆地内断层系统方位与活动方式的两个关键因素,基底断层的作用与影响是不容忽视的。  相似文献   

Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of Mafic Igneous Units in the Neoproterozoic Katangan Basin, Central Africa: Implications for Rodinia Break-up   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A.B. Kampunzu  F. Tembo  G. Matheis  D. Kapenda  P. Huntsman-Mapila 《Gondwana Research》2000,3(2)

Geochemical compositions of mafic igneous rocks in the Katangan basin in Central Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo, hereafter Congo, and Zambia) provide the basis for the geodynamic interpretation of the evolution of this Neoproterozoic basin located between the Congo and Kalahari cratons. The Katangan basin is subdivided into five major tectonic units: the Katangan Aulacogen, the External Fold and Thrust Belt, the Domes Region, the Synclinorial Belt and the Katangan High. The metamorphosed mafic igneous rocks investigated occur in the Katangan Aulacogen, the External Fold and Thrust Belt and the Domes Region. The earliest magmatic activity produced continental tholeiites emplaced on Paleoproterozoic crust during the early stages of intraplate break-up. This continental tholeiite magmatism was followed by an association of alkaline and tholeiitic basalts emplaced in the Katangan continental rift and then by tholeiitic basalts with E-MORB affinity marking a young oceanic crust. These volcanic associations mark different stages of evolution from pre-rift continental break-up up to a continental rift similar to the East African rift system and then to a Red Sea type incipient oceanic rift. A similar evolution occurs in the Damaran basin in southwestern Africa, although no pre-rift continental tholeiites have been recorded in this segment of the Pan-African belt system.  相似文献   

高光谱遥感技术在东风渠水污染分析的应用     

粟君莲  何政伟  潘佩芳  简季 《地理空间信息》2013,11(1):82-85,14

以ASD Fieldspce(R)Pro FR全波段野外光谱仪(350~2 500 nm)进行室内光谱测量为光谱数据获取手段,以提取水体光谱信息为目标,设计光谱采集方案,进行光谱数据测量和东风渠污染物光谱特性研究;并使用ENVI遥感软件对光谱数据进行了相关处理及各种变换以突出光谱数据的细微差别,有利于光谱数据的对比分析。  相似文献   

Mapping alteration minerals using sub-pixel unmixing of ASTER data in the Sarduiyeh area,SE Kerman,Iran     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):487-504

This paper is an attempt to introduce the role of earth observation technology and a type of digital earth processing in mineral resources exploration and assessment. The sub-pixel distribution and quantity of alteration minerals were mapped using linear spectral unmixing (LSU) and mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF) algorithms in the Sarduiyeh area, SE Kerman, Iran, using the visible-near infrared (VNIR) and short wave infrared (SWIR) bands of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument and the results were compared to evaluate the efficiency of methods. Three groups of alteration minerals were identified: (1) pyrophylite-alunite (2) sericite-kaolinite, and (3) chlorite-calcite-epidote. Results showed that high abundances within pixels were successfully corresponded to the alteration zones. In addition, a number of unreported altered areas were identified. Field observations and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of field samples confirmed the dominant mineral phases identified remotely. Results of LSU and MTMF were generally similar with overall accuracy of 82.9 and 90.24%, respectively. It is concluded that LSU and MTMF are suitable for sub-pixel mapping of alteration minerals and when the purpose is identification of particular targets, rather than all the elements in the scene, the MTMF algorithm could be proposed.  相似文献   

Spectral sensitivity of ALOS,ASTER, IKONOS,LANDSAT and SPOT satellite imagery intended for the detection of archaeological crop marks     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(5):351-372

This study compares the spectral sensitivity of remotely sensed satellite images, used for the detection of archaeological remains. This comparison was based on the relative spectral response (RSR) Filters of each sensor. Spectral signatures profiles were obtained using the GER-1500 field spectroradiometer under clear sky conditions for eight different targets. These field spectral signature curves were simulated to ALOS, ASTER, IKONOS, Landsat 7-ETM+, Landsat 4-TM, Landsat 5-TM and SPOT 5. Red and near infrared (NIR) bandwidth reflectance were re-calculated to each one of these sensors using appropriate RSR Filters. Moreover, the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and simple ratio (SR) vegetation profiles were analysed in order to evaluate their sensitivity to sensors spectral filters. The results have shown that IKONOS RSR filters can better distinguish buried archaeological remains as a result of difference in healthy and stress vegetation (approximately 1–8% difference in reflectance of the red and NIR band and nearly 0.07 to the NDVI profile). In comparison, all the other sensors showed similar results and sensitivities. This difference of IKONOS sensor might be a result of its spectral characteristics (bandwidths and RSR filters) since they are different from the rest of sensors compared in this study.  相似文献   

H/V spectral ratio analysis and Rayleigh modelization in Eastern Thuringia,Germany     

Hortencia Flores  Peter Malischewsky  Gerhard Jentzsch 《Geofísica Internacional》2013,52(4):355-364

We use records from the East Thuringian Seismic Network (OTSN, Ostthüringer Seismisches Netzwerk) to characterize the site response for each station, and to analyze the scope and limits of the Rayleigh modeling for H/V spectral ratio. The stations considered in this work can be classified by their seismic response as hard rock sites or as sites with some site effect. From these results we propose velocity models based on Rayleigh modeling (theoretical Rayleigh wave ellipticity).Our results show that for locations affected by site effects the H/V spectral ratio can be modeled by the theoretical ellipticity of layered velocity models. For hard rock sites the spectral ratio is rather flat and the modeling with the theoretical ellipticity was not very clear. This may be explained by the fact that for hard rock sites the conditions for a clear fundamental frequency associated with S-wave resonance, and therefore with Rayleigh wave ellipticity, are not fulfilled.  相似文献