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891.
892.
893.
The paper presents a simple constitutive model for normally consolidated clay. A mathematical formulation, using a single tensor-valued function to define the incrementally nonlinear stress–strain relation, is proposed based on the basic concept of hypoplasticity. The structure of the tensor-valued function is determined in the light of the response envelope. Particular attention is paid towards incorporating the critical state and to the capability for capturing undrained behaviour of clayey soils. With five material parameters that can be determined easily from isotropic consolidation and triaxial compression tests, the model is shown to provide good predictions for the response of normally consolidated clay along various stress paths, including drained true triaxial tests and undrained shear tests. 相似文献
894.
Matthew J. Spittal Frank H. Walkey John McClure Richard J. Siegert Kimberley E. Ballantyne 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(1):15-29
Preparedness is a key dependent variable in many studies examining people’s response to disasters such as earthquakes. A feature
of many studies on this issue, however, is the lack of attention given to psychometric issues when constructing measures of
preparedness. With regard to earthquake preparation, for example, many studies could be greatly improved by the use of a valid
and reliable measure of preparedness. This research developed such a measure that assessed both low-level preparedness, such
as having an emergency kit, and high-level preparedness, such as altering home structures to mitigate damage. Studies of Wellington
(New Zealand) residents using two samples totalling n=652 showed that 23 items measuring these different aspects of earthquake preparation could be combined into a reliable, valid,
unifactorial scale. This brief scale should have utility in multivariate studies of earthquake preparation, either as a dependent
variable, where preparation is the outcome variable of primary interest, or as one of several independent variables, where
preparation and other measures predict another outcome variable. 相似文献
895.
由于煤层气的解吸热效应,煤层气的运移过程是一个非等温过程。因此,温度场对煤层气渗流有着重要的影响。前人在研究煤层气渗流规律的研究中并没有同时考虑滑脱效应和温度场因素的影响,而在实际的深部开采中综合考虑滑脱效应和温度场的影响对研究深部煤层气运移规律有着重要的意义。因此本文建立了考虑滑脱效应及温度场的煤层气渗流数学模型,利用有限元数值方法研究了考虑滑脱效应和温度场耦合的煤层气运移规律;研究了考虑滑脱效应和温度场对压力场分布的影响;对考虑滑脱效应及温度场因素的煤层气产量进行了预测。得出了随着温度的升高煤储层的压力在降低,温度的升高对煤层气的产量有着负面的影响这一重要结论。 相似文献
896.
通过龙永煤田现有煤矿状况调查分析发现:许多矿井已步入“花甲之年”,接近矿井服务年限。为了保障我省能源安全,应当采用有效勘探方法,方能使它们“返老还童”。研究发现危机矿山延长服务年限的几种勘探模式是:其一为扩大(延伸)勘探模式;其二为小型井田(块段)勘探模式;其三为资料分析研究模式。经探采对比发现,采用这三种勘探模式后,产生了巨大的经济效益,使一大批老矿井青春再度焕发。 相似文献
897.
福建省大田县广平含煤区推覆构造特征及找煤预测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对区内推覆构造及地层等的研究,认为广平含煤区推覆体下蕴藏着丰富的煤炭资源,童子岩组煤系地层埋藏深度主要受发育于童子岩组上部的F1、F2推覆断层控制,并圈定出煤炭资源预测前景较好的3个区作为煤炭勘查后备基地。 相似文献
898.
Midstream of the Keelung River Basin in Northern Taiwan has become highly urbanized and densely populated area. Flood inundation
along riversides frequently occurred during typhoons or rainstorms. Three protection measures, including constructions of
high-level protection levees, a diversion channel, and a detention reservoir, were proposed for flood mitigation. The main
purpose of this study is to evaluate the flood mitigation performance of the three proposed structural measures by using combined
hydrologic analyses and hydraulic routings. A semi-distributed parallel-type linear reservoirs rainfall-runoff model was used
for estimating the surface runoff. Furthermore, a 1-D dynamic channel routing model was coupled with a two-dimensional inundation
model to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of river flooding and overland flow. Simulation results of flood stages, runoff
peak discharges, and inundation extent under design rainfall scenarios were chosen as the criteria for evaluation. The results
showed a diversion channel is superior to the other two measures for flood mitigation of the study area. After the process
of environmental impact assessment, a revised diversion channel approach has been approved for construction as the major structural
measure. 相似文献
899.
Tingting Yao Craig Calvert Tom Jones Glen Bishop Yuan Ma Lincoln Foreman 《Mathematical Geology》2006,38(1):51-62
Spectral simulation has gained application in building geologic models due to the advantage of better honoring the spatial continuity of petrophysical properties, such as reservoir porosity and shale volume. Distinct from sequential simulation methods, spectral simulation is a global algorithm in the sense that a global density spectrum is calculated once and the inverse Fourier transform is performed on the Fourier coefficient also only once to generate a simulation realization. The generated realizations honor the spatial continuity structure globally over the whole field instead of only within a search neighborhood, as with sequential simulation algorithms. However, the disadvantage of global spectral simulation is that it traditionally cannot account for the local information such as the local continuity trends, which are often observed in reservoirs and hence are important to be accounted for in geologic models. This disadvantage has limited wider application of spectral simulation in building geologic models. In this paper, we present ways of conditioning geologic models to the relevant local information. To account for the local continuity trends, we first scale different frequency components of the original model with local-amplitude spectrum ratios that are specific to the local trend. The sum of these scaled frequency components renders a new model that displays the desired local continuity trend. The implementation details of this new method are discussed and examples are provided to illustrate the algorithm. 相似文献
900.
Semi-Analytic Modelling of Subsidence 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper presents a forward model for subsidence prediction caused by extraction of hydrocarbons. The model uses combinations
of analytic solutions to the visco-elastic equations, which approximate the boundary conditions. There are only a few unknown
parameters to be estimated, and, consequently, calculations are very fast. The semi-analytic model is applicable to a uniform
and layer-cake stratigraphy, with visco-elastic parameters changing per layer, and an arbitrary depletion pattern. By its
capabilities to handle a multi-layered visco-elastic subsurface, the semi-analytic model fills the gap between the analytic
single-layered elastic models available to date and the more elaborate numerical, e.g. finite element, models. 相似文献