米槠次生林内4种植物叶片DOM的数量和质量特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康根丽  高人  杨玉盛  陈光水  杨智杰  司友涛 《福建地理》2014,(1):30-37

选取福建省三明市米槠次生林内的4种植物,即米槠(CAC),木荷(SCS),山杜英(ELS),芒萁(DID)为研究对象,对其叶片进行了室内淋溶处理,并分析了淋溶液中的可溶性有机碳(DOC)和可溶性有机氮(DON)含量及pH值,芳香性指标(AI)和荧光效率指数(Feff)等,以揭示其淋溶液中可溶性有机质(DOM)的数量和质量特征。结果表明:4种植物叶片DOM含量总体随淋溶次数的增加逐渐减小,其中首次淋溶后淋溶液中的DOC和DON含量最大,分别占总淋溶量的平均值为67.90%和44.51%;淋溶液中前3次DOC和DON淋溶量总和分别占10次淋溶总量的87.40%~94.77%和68.46%~72.49%;且前3次淋溶次数间呈极显著差异(P0.01),其后差异性不显著。DOM的pH值和光谱指标随着淋溶次数的增加逐渐上升.总体上乔木树种DOM的数量和质量比林下植被要高,这是由于乔木树种的DOM含有更多的养分和芳香类和腐殖化的高分子量化合物,而林下植被的DOM含有较多低分子量化合物和易分解组分。  相似文献   

毫米波云雷达功率谱密度数据的检验和 在弱降水滴谱反演中的应用研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

刘黎平  谢蕾  崔哲虎 《大气科学》2014,38(2):223-236

本文首先利用数值模拟的方法,分析了利用毫米波云雷达功率谱密度反演雨滴谱时,降水粒子米散射效应、空气湍流、空气上升速度等对雨滴谱和液态水含量等参数反演的影响;建立了功率谱密度处理及其直接反演雨滴谱、液态水含量、降水强度和空气上升速度的方法;并利用2012年7月在云南腾冲观测的二次弱降水数据,采用毫米波雷达和Ku波段微降水雷达观测的回波强度、径向速度垂直廓线以及780 m高度上的功率谱密度对比的方法,以及毫米波云雷达观测的780 m高度上功率谱密度、回波强度与地面雨滴谱计算得到的这些量的对比方法,分析了毫米波雷达数据的可靠性;并将780 m高度上毫米波雷达反演的雨滴谱与地面雨滴谱数据进行了对比,分析了毫米波雷达反演的雨滴谱的准确性;分析了毫米波雷达回波强度偏弱的原因,讨论了该高度以下降水对毫米波雷达衰减的影响。结果表明:空气湍流对弱降水微物理参数反演影响不大,而空气上升速度和米散射效应均对反演结果有一定影响;毫米波雷达观测到的径向速度和功率谱密度与微降水雷达比较一致,回波强度的垂直廓线的形状与微降水雷达也比较一致,但毫米波雷达观测的回波强度偏弱;与雨滴谱计算值相比,毫米波雷达观测的低层的回波强度也偏弱,天线上的积水是造成毫米波雷达回波强度变弱的主要原因。毫米波雷达观测的低层的功率谱密度与地面雨滴谱观测的数据形状比较一致,但有一定的位移。毫米波雷达反演的雨滴谱与地面观测的谱型和粒子大小也比较一致。这些结果初步验证了毫米波雷达观测的功率谱密度及其反演方法的可靠性。  相似文献   

海水酸化对鹿角珊瑚光谱特性影响的分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘素敏  杨顶田 《热带海洋学报》2014,(6)

海水酸化造成全球珊瑚礁严重退化,应用卫星遥感手段可以快速地对珊瑚礁进行监测。在野外做酸度对比实验具有条件不易控制、周期长等局限性。文章提出一种室内测量珊瑚光谱的方法,通过比较不同酸度梯度下珊瑚光谱的变化,为研究海水酸化对珊瑚的影响提供了一种新的思路。试验采用7.6、7.9和8.1的酸度梯度,结果表明:在pH为8.1和7.9环境条件下,珊瑚的光谱趋势大体一致,总体上珊瑚光谱波峰出现了向长波方向的红移。但是在pH为7.6的条件下,珊瑚的光谱在650~700nm之间出现一个反常的吸收谷,这是由于pH 7.6的酸度条件适宜一些藻类生长,藻类附着在珊瑚表面,从而影响了其光谱特性。  相似文献   

Water discharge variability of Changjiang （Yangtze） and Huanghe （Yellow） Rivers and its response to climatic changes     

张喜林  范德江  王厚杰  杨作升 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(6):1392-1405

Influences of large-scale climatic phenomena, such as the E1Nifio/La Nifia-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, on the temporal variations of the annual water discharge at the Lijin station in the Huanghe （Yellow） River and at the Datong station in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River were examined. Using the empirical mode decomposition-maximum entropy spectral analysis （EMD- MESA） method, the 2- to 3-year, 8- to 14-year, and 23-year cyclical variations of the annual water discharge at the two stations were discovered. Based on the analysis results, the hydrological time series on the inter- annual to interdecadal scales were constructed. The results indicate that from 1950 to 2011, a significant downward trend occurred in the natural annual water discharge in Huanghe River. However, the changes in water discharge in Changjiang River basin exhibited a slightly upward trend. It indicated that the changes in the river discharge in the Huanghe basin were driven primarily by precipitation. Other factors, such as the precipitation over the Changjiang River tributaries, ice melt and evaporation contributed much more to the increase in the Changjiang River basin. Especially, the impacts of the inter-annual and inter-decadal climate oscillations such as ENSO and PDO could change the long-term patterns of precipitation over the basins of the two major rivers. Generally, low amounts of basin-wide precipitation on interannual to interdecadal scales over the two rivers corresponded to most of the warm ENSO events and the warm phases of the PDO, and vice versa. The positive phases of the PDO and ENSO could lead to reduced precipitation and consequently affect the long-term scale water discharges at the two rivers.  相似文献   

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??ITRF2008??????й???????5??IGS??????WUHN??BJFS??URUM??KUNM??SHAO??2012??????????????TriP?????????????????????????С??????????????????????????????????????????н?????????????????????????????????GAMIT/GLOBK????????????????????з?????????ж???????????????й??????IGS???????????д??????????????????????????????????????????????????URUM??KUNM??BJFS??SHAO?????????????????????BPPL+WN????WUHN??????N??E??U????????????????з?????????????BPPL+WN??FN+WN??PL+WN??????????BPPL+WN??????????а???????????????????????????2 mm??BPPL???????WN??????1/10???????0.28??0.89 mm????????????????С???????????????????????????????????С??????TriP??????????????????????????????????????????????????  相似文献   

基于特征区域统计的多光谱遥感影像海岛瞬时岸线提取(英文)     

王丰  刘书明  卢文虎  杜琼玮  姜伟男  刘金 《海洋通报(英文版)》2014,(1)

本研究采用IKONOS遥感图像,选取波谱特征区,通过区域像元统计并计算各波段权重系数,将影像进行波谱归一化处理,使归一化的影像岛陆与海水特征更明显。在此基础上,采用最大类间方差法确定最佳分割阈值,对归一化的影像进行二值化,从而提取海岛岸线。该方法采用特征曲线法进行水陆分离,得到的二值图像保持了原图的有效边缘,采用二值形态学提取的海岸线连续可靠、信噪比高。结果表明,该方法简单、快速,能有效提取海岸线,具有实用价值。  相似文献   

高光谱大气红外探测仪(AIRS)反演大气不稳定度指数在强对流天气个例中的应用试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘辉  寿亦萱  漆成莉 《气象》2014,40(6):678-686

使用探空、NCEP-FNL,数据和高光谱分辨率大气垂直探测仪(AIRS)标准反演数据计算大气不稳定度指数,对2011年6月23日北京强对流天气发生前的本地及上游大气中不稳定能量进行分析研究。分析发现:利用08、14和20时探空数据计算的北京站不稳定度指数显示了在"6·23暴雨"过程发生前后北京上空不稳定能量变化,上游关键区无探空数据;利用NCEP和AIRS数据计算的不稳定度指数显示,强对流天气发生前,在北京的上游关键区大气处于极端不稳定状态(K指数大于40,SI指数小于一5),有利于强对流天气发生。文章的研究结果表明,探空数据时空分辨率较低,不利于监测强对流天气的发生;质量控制后AIRS数据计算的不稳定度指数可以监测对流天气的发生;空间分辨率较低的NCEP数据监测小范围大气不稳定层结能力较低。综上所述,AIRS反演产品具有弥补探空资料时空分辨率不足的优势,利用AIRS L2反演产品计算晴空大气不稳定度指数产品可以监测到"6·23暴雨"天气发生前上游关键区大气层结稳定度状态,为预报员决策提供有效的辅助信息。  相似文献   

Spectral monitoring of moorland plant phenology to identify a temporal window for hyperspectral remote sensing of peatland     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

Recognising the importance of the timing of image acquisition on the spectral response in remote sensing of vegetated ecosystems is essential. This study used full wavelength, 350–2500 nm, field spectroscopy to establish a spectral library of phenological change for key moorland species, and to investigate suitable temporal windows for monitoring upland peatland systems. Spectral responses over two consecutive growing seasons were recorded at single species plots for key moorland species and species sown to restore eroding peat. This was related to phenological change using narrowband vegetation indices (Red Edge Position, Photochemical Reflectance Index, Plant Senescence Reflection Index and Cellulose Absorption Index); that capture green-up and senescence related changes in absorption features in the visible to near infrared and the shortwave infrared. The selection of indices was confirmed by identifying the regions of maximum variation in the captured reflectance across the full spectrum. The indices show change in the degree of variation between species occurring from April to September, measured for plant functional types. A discriminant function analysis between indices and plant functional types determines how well each index was able to differentiate between the plant functional groups for each month. It identifies April and July as the two months where the species are most separable. What is presented here is not one single recommendation for the optimal temporal window for operational monitoring, but a fuller understanding of how the spectral response changes with the phenological cycle, including recommendations for what indices are important throughout the year.  相似文献   

A GIHS-based spectral preservation fusion method for remote sensing images using edge restored spectral modulation     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

High spatial resolution and spectral fidelity are basic standards for evaluating an image fusion algorithm. Numerous fusion methods for remote sensing images have been developed. Some of these methods are based on the intensity–hue–saturation (IHS) transform and the generalized IHS (GIHS), which may cause serious spectral distortion. Spectral distortion in the GIHS is proven to result from changes in saturation during fusion. Therefore, reducing such changes can achieve high spectral fidelity. A GIHS-based spectral preservation fusion method that can theoretically reduce spectral distortion is proposed in this study. The proposed algorithm consists of two steps. The first step is spectral modulation (SM), which uses the Gaussian function to extract spatial details and conduct SM of multispectral (MS) images. This method yields a desirable visual effect without requiring histogram matching between the panchromatic image and the intensity of the MS image. The second step uses the Gaussian convolution function to restore lost edge details during SM. The proposed method is proven effective and shown to provide better results compared with other GIHS-based methods.  相似文献   

利用时空信息的单波段地表温度遥感反演     

陈峰  赵小锋  全元  柳林 《遥感学报》2014,18(3):657-672

地表温度被认为是影响生态系统的关键因子之一,它与许多地表过程有关。目前,热红外卫星遥感技术是获取有关区域和全球尺度地表温度信息的一个有效、可行的手段。针对不同卫星上搭载的热红外传感器,许多学者开展了大量的研究,其中针对单波段热红外的特点(如Landsat TM/ETM+,CBERS和HJ-1B)提出了单通道(或单窗)算法。该类算法需要准确的地表比辐射率和大气参数(如大气水分含量)。这些参数在现实中又很难轻易获得,从而在一定程度上限制了现有算法的应用。针对HJ-1B高回访频率的特点,本文提出了利用多时相影像的时空信息来直接反演地表温度的Multi-Temporal and Spatial Information-Based Single Channel(MTSC),以解决现有算法对地表比辐射率和大气参数的过度依赖性。实例分析结果显示,基于MTSC法由HJ-1B反演得到的地表温度结果与MODIS地表(陆表和海表)温度产品具有很好的空间一致性;HJ-1B的陆表温度结果总体上被高估了约1 K,而海表温度结果总体上被高估了0.5 K;同时,MTSC法得到的HJ-1B地表温度结果具有更好的细节和空间完整性。最后,通过分析和讨论指出了一些可能的完善途径,如相似像元的确定、修改优化求解中的目标函数、参数的自适应初始化等,以便提高MTSC法的反演精度和实用性。  相似文献