Landscape transformation of an Alpine floodplain influenced by humans: historical analyses from aerial images     

M. Doering  M. Blaurock  C.T. Robinson 《水文研究》2012,26(22):3319-3326

Natural floodplains are spatially heterogeneous and dynamic ecosystems but at the same time, a highly endangered landscape feature due to climate change and human impacts such as water storage, flood control and hydropower production. Flow is considered a master variable that shapes channel morphology and the heterogeneity, distribution, and turnover of floodplain habitats. Despite their highly dynamic nature, the relative abundance of different habitat elements (islands, gravel bars) in natural floodplains seems to remain relatively constant over ecological periods and is referred to as the shifting mosaic steady state concept. In this conceptual context, we analysed spatiotemporal changes in relative habitat abundance and channel complexity of an alpine floodplain from its near natural state in 1940 before water abstraction and levee construction until 2007 using historical aerial images. Within the first decades of impairment, the relative abundance of floodplain habitats that depend on flood and flow pulses such as parafluvial channels and islands shifted toward a greater abundance of terrestrial forest and grassland habitats. After 1986, the duration and frequencies of high‐precipitation events (>60 mm 24 h^–1) triggering major, channel‐reworking floods increased substantially and caused a restructuring of the floodplain and decrease in the abundance of more terrestrial habitat types. These results are contrary to expectations of the shifting mosaic steady state concept yet suggest its potential application as an indicator of landscape transformation and human impacts on floodplain ecosystems. Last, the results raise the applied question as to whether an increased frequency of high flow events induced by climate change can contribute to floodplain restoration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

浅谈数字城市建设大比例尺彩色正射影像图制作方法     

罗明  张迁  罗尊骅 《安徽地质》2012,(4):308-309,317

数字城市项目中的大比例尺正射影像图具有反映地理信息特点,直观表现出地形、地貌、以及地物的特征,在数字城市、测绘地理信息、城市规划、国土资源调查等领域提供科学的技术依据,更是建设数字城市项目的基础数据。通过笔者参加的数字黄山及数字马鞍山大比例尺正射影像图的生产经验,总结了利用MapMatrix、Pixel—Grid—AEO、Erdas、PhotoshopCS,通过人工采集特征线生成DEM或者直接生成DEM后修测的方法制作DOM,摸索出了一些制作过程中遇到的实际问题的解决办法。  相似文献   

不同地貌条件下AW3D30 DEM数据空洞修复方法的对比分析     

周小宇  赵尚民 《测绘通报》2022,(11):84-89

DEM数据被广泛应用于多个领域,但生产过程中数据空洞的出现严重制约了其适用性。因此,对DEM数据空洞修复的研究至关重要。本文选择太原市4个不同地貌条件下的河谷、盆地、丘陵和山地试验区作为空洞区,利用ASTER GDEM数据和直接镶嵌法、反距离加权插值法及三角洲表面镶嵌法对AW3D30 DEM数据进行修复,对不同方法的修复效果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:在盆地区域,反距离加权插值法修复效果最好,三角洲表面镶嵌法次之,直接镶嵌法最弱;在起伏度稍大的河谷、丘陵和山地区域,三角洲表面镶嵌法的修复效果最好,空洞区域内部的纹理特征明显,空洞边缘区域过渡平滑,而反距离加权插值法最弱。  相似文献   

三维激光扫描数据获取高分辨率DTM试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘正军  钱建国  张正鹏  王坚 《测绘科学》2006,31(4):72-73

三维激光扫描技术能够提供实体表面点云数据,可用于获取高精度高分辨率数字地形模型。本文以重庆万州区付家岩滑坡体为例探讨了采用三维激光扫描监测技术获取数字地形模型的方法,着重讨论了相关点云数据处理流程和关键技术问题。通过结合差分GPS技术进行激光数据的相对定位和绝对定位、去噪、拼接等方法,获得了该区域地表高精度地形数据,并生成了相应的数字高程模型。试验结果初步说明该技术可用于获取小尺度高精度高分辨率数字地形模型,具有一定的应用前景。  相似文献   

Copper Mosaic Crystals for Laue Lenses     

P. Courtois  K. H. Andersen  P. Bastie 《Experimental Astronomy》2005,20(1-3):195-200

Large single crystals of copper with an uniform and very narrow mosaic spread between 25 seconds and 1 minute of arc are now available at I.L.L. This result is of great interest in the construction of a Laue lens for astrophysical applications for which such quality copper single crystals may be used. The X-ray diffraction properties of copper single crystals produced at I.L.L. were studied for x-ray energies ranging from 100 keV to 400 keV. Several monocrystalline plates with different thicknesses and mosaic distributions were then prepared from the as-grown crystals in order to measure their diffraction efficiency as a function of energy. As expected, the value of the peak reflectivity depends on the crystal thickness. Reflectivity measurements show the excellent properties of copper crystals for gamma-ray diffraction. A peak reflectivity of 24% was measured at 220 keV from a copper single crystal of 3.75 mm thickness having a mosaic spread of 1.5 minutes of arc. Some technical aspects on the preparation of copper single crystal plates are also discussed.  相似文献   

Concentrations and transport of different forms of phosphorus during snowmelt runoff from an illite clay soil     

Barbro Uln 《水文研究》2003,17(4):747-758

During a 16 day period with pronounced snowmelt via surface runoff, high water concentrations (usually 0·4–0·5 mg l^?1) of dissolved molybdate‐reactive phosphorus (MRP) were detected in surface runoff water from a clay soil of illite type. Other phosphorus fractions defined were: phosphorus in particles with a higher settling coefficient than 80 000 S (SPP); colloidal phosphorus caught on filters with a pore size of 0·2 µm but with a smaller settling coefficient (CPP); and dissolved phosphorus not reacting with molybdate (DUP). The order of concentrations was MRP > SPP > CPP > DUP. Nearly identical amounts of MRP, CPP, and DUP (in total 0·3 kg ha^?1) were lost from a grass–clover ley and a ploughed soil. However, more of the heavier phosphorus‐containing material was lost from the ploughed area. In drainpipe water, CPP was the largest fraction (28%), and in stream water from mixed arable/forest land, MRP dominated (33%). Loss on ignition of the settling material slowly decreased from 10 to 8% (dry weight) during the snowmelt period. Total phosphorus concentrations in the material followed the runoff pattern, with slightly higher phosphorus concentrations during fast runoff. The large amounts of readily dissolved or colloidal‐bound phosphorus (70–80%) transported from this clay soil during snowmelt are discussed with regard to the use of grass buffer strips as a measure against phosphorus losses from arable land. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于江西省雷达回波拼图的TREC方法应用及效果检验          下载免费PDF全文

易雪婷  傅文兵  邹海波  贺志明  李蕾 《气象与减灾研究》2019,42(1):16-23

基于江西省及周边16部新一代多普勒天气雷达拼图资料,利用交叉相关跟踪法(TREC)计算江西地区雷达回波的移动矢量(TREC风),并对求解的TREC风进行异常值更正和空洞补齐等质量控制,最后利用后向外推法对江西地区2017年6月29日09:54的雷达回波进行2 h内的外推。结果表明,TREC方法能较好地获得江西地区未来2 h内的雷达回波位置和空间结构,且在0—1 h的外推回波非常接近实况。通过对2018年6月1—9日201个天气过程0—2 h外推的TS评分统计表明,基于该方法外推的2 h内的雷达回波精度都较高(TS评分0.3),但TS评分随外推时间的增长而快速降低,当外推时间为30 min时TS评分高达0.61,外推时间增至60 min时TS评分降至0.48,外推时间延长至120 min时TS评分进一步减至0.31。  相似文献   

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS AND FRACTAL MODELING ON THE MOSAIC STRUCTURE OF LANDSCAPE IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF SHANGHAI METROPOLIS     

XUJian-hua AINan-shan CHENYong MEIAn-xin LIAOHong-juan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(3):199-206

The mosaic structure of landscape of the central area of Shanghai Metropolis is studied by quantitative methods of landscape ecology based on Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in this pa-per. Firstly, landscapes are classified into eight categories: residential quarter, industrial quarter, road, other urban landscape, farmland, village and small town, on-building area, river and other water bodies (such as lake, etc.). Sec-ondly, a GIS is designed and set up based on the remote sensing data and field investigation, and a digital map of landscape mosaic is made. Then the indexes of diversity, dominance, fragmentation and isolation, and fractal dimen-sion of each type of landscape in different periods are calculated by using spatial analysis method of GIS. With refer-ence to the calculated results, a series of relative issues are discussed.  相似文献   

Outstanding Issues for Post-Main Sequence Evolution:     

Gilles Fontaine  Pierre Brassard  Stéphane Charpinet 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,284(1):257-268

We review the question of the empirical and theoretical instabilityregions in the HR diagram for evolved, compact stars. These include thethree families of pulsating white dwarfs (g-mode pulsators excitedthrough mechanisms associated with partial ionization and convection inthe stellar envelope), the pulsating subdwarf B stars (p-mode variablesexcited through a classic kappa mechanism associated with the radiativelevitation of iron in the stellar envelope), and the `Betsy stars',the brand new class of long-period, g-mode pulsators of the subdwarf Btype discovered recently.  相似文献   

浅谈数字正摄影像的制作技巧与心得     

林跃春  王睿 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(1):109-111

数字正射影像图(DOM)是利用DEM对经过扫描处理的数字化航空像片或遥感数字影像(单色或彩色),经逐像元进行辐射改正、微分纠正和镶嵌,并按规定图幅范围裁剪生成的正射影像数据,并带有公里格网、图廓(内、外)整饰和注记的平面影像地图。DOM同时具有地图几何精度和影像特征的图像。具有信息丰富、形象逼真、获取快捷等优点,可作为地图分析背景控制信息,也可从中提取自然资源和社会经济发展的历史信息或最新信息,为城市规划等应用提供可靠依据。还可从中提取和派生新的信息,实现地图的修测更新。  相似文献