Global and Local Multiscale Analysis of Magnetic Susceptibility Data   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Maurizio?FediEmail author 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2003,160(12):2399-2417

Geophysical well-logs often show a complex behavior which seems to suggest a multifractal nature. Multifractals are highly intermittent signals, with distinct active bursts and passive regions which cannot be satisfactorily characterized in terms of just second-order statistics. They need a higher-order statistical analysis. In contrast with monofractals which have a homogeneous scaling, multifractals may include singularities of many types. Here we describe how a multiscale analysis can be used to describe the magnetic susceptibility data scaling properties for a deep well (KTB, Germany), down to about 9000 m. A multiscale analysis describes the local and global singular behavior of measures or distributions in a statistical fashion. The global analysis allows the estimation of the global repartition of the various Holder exponents. As such, it leads to the definition of a spectrum, D(), called the singularity spectrum. The local analysis is related to the possibility of estimating the Lipschitz regularity locally, i.e., at each point of the support of a multifractal signal. The application of both approaches to the KTB magnetic susceptibility data shows a meaningful correlation between the sequence of Holder exponents vs. depth and the lithological units. The Holder exponents reach the highest values for gneiss units, intermediate ones for amphibolite units and the lowest values for variegated units. Faults are found to correspond to changes for H also when they are of intra-lithological type.  相似文献   

Structure, age and mode of emplacement of the Hercynian Bordères-Louron pluton (Central Pyrenees, France)     

Gérard Gleizes  Gérard Crevon  Asfawossen Asrat  Pierre Barbey 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(6):1039-1052

The Hercynian Bordères-Louron pluton (20 km²) in the Central Pyrenees intrudes Devonian and Carboniferous metasediments. It shows a concentric zoning and consists of a significant proportion of (quartz) gabbros in its periphery, and of granodiorites, biotite monzogranites and biotite-muscovite monzogranites in its core. AMS study shows that the pluton corresponds to an elongated dome with a N100°E-trending axis. The anisotropy intensity Ppara% is high in the south and in the core of the pluton, whereas it is low in the north. The shape parameter T indicates that the fabric is strongly planar in a large central band oriented NW-SE, whereas it is strongly linear in the western and eastern tips of the pluton. These characteristics suggest that the Bordères-Louron pluton emplaced in two episodes: (1) intrusion of mafic magmas along a N100°E sill parallel to the regional foliation of the host metasediments; and (2) injection of three successive silicic batches (granodiorite, biotite monzogranite, two-micas monzogranite) which pushed aside the early mafic injections. In situ U-Pb dating of zircon grains indicates that the emplacement age of the biotite monzogranite is 309 ± 4 Ma, synchronous with the D ₂ dextral transpressive event and close to the ages of the eastern Pyrenean plutons, may be slightly older.  相似文献   

Validation of a region-wide model of landslide susceptibility in the Manawatu–Wanganui region of New Zealand     

John R. Dymond  Anne-Gaelle Ausseil  James D. Shepherd  Lars Buettner 《Geomorphology》2006,74(1-4):70-79

Since European settlement 160 years ago, much of the indigenous forest in New Zealand hill country has been cleared for pastoral agriculture, resulting in increased erosion and sedimentation. To prioritise soil conservation work in the Manawatu–Wanganui region, we developed a model of landslide susceptibility. It assigns high susceptibility to steep land not protected by woody vegetation and low susceptibility everywhere else, following the commonly used approach for identifying inappropriate land use. A major storm on 15–16 February 2004 that produced many landslides was used to validate the model. The model predicted hills at risk to landsliding with moderate accuracy: 58% of erosion scars in the February storm occurred on hillsides considered to be susceptible. The model concept of slope thresholds, above which the probability of landsliding is high and below which the probability is low, is not adequate because below 30° the probability of landsliding is approximately linearly related to slope. Thus, reforestation of steep slopes will need to be combined with improved vegetation management for soil conservation on moderate slopes to significantly reduce future landsliding.  相似文献   

Spatially and temporally distributed modeling of landslide susceptibility   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

Pece V. Gorsevski  Paul E. Gessler  Jan Boll  William J. Elliot  Randy B. Foltz 《Geomorphology》2006,80(3-4):178-198

Mapping of landslide susceptibility in forested watersheds is important for management decisions. In forested watersheds, especially in mountainous areas, the spatial distribution of relevant parameters for landslide prediction is often unavailable. This paper presents a GIS-based modeling approach that includes representation of the uncertainty and variability inherent in parameters. In this approach, grid-based tools are used to integrate the Soil Moisture Routing (SMR) model and infinite slope model with probabilistic analysis. The SMR model is a daily water balance model that simulates the hydrology of forested watersheds by combining climate data, a digital elevation model, soil, and land use data. The infinite slope model is used for slope stability analysis and determining the factor of safety for a slope. Monte Carlo simulation is used to incorporate the variability of input parameters and account for uncertainties associated with the evaluation of landslide susceptibility. This integrated approach of dynamic slope stability analysis was applied to the 72-km² Pete King watershed located in the Clearwater National Forest in north-central Idaho, USA, where landslides have occurred. A 30-year simulation was performed beginning with the existing vegetation covers that represented the watershed during the landslide year. Comparison of the GIS-based approach with existing models (FSmet and SHALSTAB) showed better precision of landslides based on the ratio of correctly identified landslides to susceptible areas. Analysis of landslide susceptibility showed that (1) the proportion of susceptible and non-susceptible cells changes spatially and temporally, (2) changed cells were a function of effective precipitation and soil storage amount, and (3) cell stability increased over time especially for clear-cut areas as root strength increased and vegetation transitioned to regenerated forest. Our modeling results showed that landslide susceptibility is strongly influenced by natural processes and human activities in space and time; while results from simulated outputs show the potential for decision-making in effective forest planning by using various management scenarios and controlling factors that influence landslide susceptibility. Such a process-based tool could be used to deal with real-dynamic systems to help decision-makers to answer complex landslide susceptibility questions.  相似文献   

常熟市浅层地下水资源开发利用潜力分析     

朱兴贤  程勇 《江苏地质》2006,30(2):112-115

常熟市2005年全面禁采地下水后,将面临供水水源不足的问题,寻找新的水源成为当务之急。通过建立潜力分析数学模型,利用G IS软件的空间信息叠加分析功能,对浅层地下水开发利用的潜力进行分析,得出浅层地下水可以作为常熟市供水水源的结论,并绘制了开发利用潜力评价分区图,其成果为当地水资源规划提供了依据。  相似文献   

重庆地区江北砾岩北碚附中剖面 磁化率特征及其环境意义     

熊平生  谢世友  何多兴  莫心祥 《物探与化探》2006,30(2):115-118

选取砾岩层填穴物、砾石层局部胶结填穴物、砂岩层新鲜岩石作为分析样品,运用了磁化率值、¹⁴C测年、磁铁矿含量、氧同位素分析等方法进行测定和研究。结果表明,江北砾岩北碚附中剖面,磁化率值的变化与磁性铁矿含量有较好的一致性,磁化率曲线与氧同位素曲线变化特征具有较好的对应性。江北砾岩北碚附中剖面岩层的磁化率能指示晚更新世晚期的环境变化,包含了2个较短的暖湿期和3个较长的冷干时期,而干冷时期内又存在很短暖湿期。  相似文献   

基于二元统计的区域地质灾害敏感性评价--以四川雅安雨城区为例   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

侯圣山  李昂  周平根  王荣 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(1):1-4

借鉴区域地质灾害敏感性评价的各种方法，给出了基于二元统计的地质灾害敏感性评价方法，并在雅安市雨城区地质灾害敏感忡评价中进行了试验。本方法主要有以下优点：操作简单、数据容易准备、效率高、评价合理准确、适用于各种精度（比例尺），有着较好的推广应用价值。  相似文献   

Integration of magnetism and heavy metal chemistry of soils to quantify the environmental pollution in Kathmandu, Nepal   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pitambar  Gautam  Ulrich  Blaha  Erwin  Appel 《Island Arc》2005,14(4):424-435

Abstract Soil profiles of the Kathmandu urban area exhibit significant variations in magnetic susceptibility (χ) and saturation isothermal remanence (SIRM), which can be used to discriminate environmental pollution. Magnetic susceptibility can be used to delineate soil intervals by depth into normal (< 10^?7 m³/kg), moderately enhanced (10^?7–< 10^?6 m³/kg) and highly enhanced (≥ 10^?6 m³/kg). Soils far from roads and industrial sites commonly fall into the ‘normal’ category. Close to a road corridor, soils at depths of several centimeters have the highest χ, which remains high within the upper 20 cm interval, and decreases with depth through ‘moderately magnetic’ to ‘normal’ at approximately 30–40 cm. Soils in the upper parts of profiles in urban recreational parks have moderate χ. Soil SIRM has three components of distinct median acquisition fields (B_1/2): soft (30–50 mT, magnetite‐like phase), intermediate (120–180 mT, probably maghemite or soft coercivity hematite) and hard (550–600 mT, hematite). Close to the daylight surface, SIRM is dominated by a soft component, implying that urban pollution results in enrichment by a magnetite‐like phase. Atomic absorption spectrometry of soils from several profiles for heavy metals reveals remarkable variability (ratio of maximum to minimum contents) of Cu (16.3), Zn (14.8) and Pb (9.3). At Rani Pokhari, several metals are well correlated with χ, as shown by a linear relationship between the logarithmic values. At Ratna Park, however, both χ and SIRM show significant positive correlation with Zn, Pb and Cu, but poor and even negative correlation with Fe (Mn), Cr, Ni and Co. Such differences result from a variety of geogenic, pedogenic, biogenic and man‐made factors, which vary in time and space. Nevertheless, for soil profiles affected by pollution (basically traffic‐related), χ exhibits a significant linear relationship with a pollution index based on the contents of some urban elements (Cu, Pb, Zn), and therefore it serves as an effective parameter for quantifying the urban pollution.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地南缘沉积物磁化率、δ¹³C与粒度及其气候环境意义   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

钟巍  王立国  李偲 《地理研究》2005,24(1):98-104

本文研究表明,塔里木盆地南缘湖沼相沉积物质量磁化率与碳酸盐δ¹³C呈正相关关系,与粒度参数中056～3557μm各组分呈显著负相关,其中同1783～3170μm部分负相关性最为显著;与5637～2244μm之间各组分显著正相关,其中与7096～200μm各组分正相关性最为显著。其气候环境背景与意义表现为:在寒冷期中,δ¹³C偏轻,相对湿度和植被盖度增加,地表侵蚀减弱,只有较细物质才能向湖泊沼泽搬运加积,地表氧化环境减弱,磁化率减小;而在温暖期中,则相反。在区域对比基础上,根据上述指标将近40ka以来此地区气候环境变化划分了8个阶段。本文的各种指标（特别是粒度指标）与GreenlandGISP2冰芯δ¹⁸O记录之间有很好的吻合,表明研究区近40ka以来的气候与环境变化可能具有全球背景。  相似文献   

昆仑山南部西大滩盆北花岗岩的年龄与热历史   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

吴珍汉  胡道功  宋彪  周春景 《地质学报》2005,79(5):628-635

对南昆仑缝合带中段西大滩盆北花岗岩,应用不同的年代学方法,测定岩浆结晶时代和构造热事件年龄,分析构造地貌演化过程。应用离子探针方法,测出西大滩盆北花岗岩的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为196.4- 212.1 Ma,平均年龄204.1±2.6 Ma,代表岩浆侵位结晶时代。西大滩盆北花岗岩的黑云母K-Ar和Ar-Ar同位素年龄为134.47-145.3 Ma,指示晚期韧性剪切变形时代。应用矿物对热年代学方法,揭示出204.1-134.47 Ma、57. 67-26.0 Ma、26 Ma以来3期构造热事件,降温速率分别为6.46℃/Ma、4.91℃/Ma、3.84℃/Ma,对应的隆升速率分别为0.21 mm/a、0.16 mm/a、0.13 mm/a;说明134.47-57.67 Ma为缓慢降温和剥蚀夷平时期,对应的降温速率为0.64℃/Ma、差异隆升速率为0.02 mm/a。结合磷灰石裂变径迹测年和风火山群、五道梁群挤压缩短时代、区域伸展走滑起始年龄资料,推断昆仑山南部新生代山脉快速隆升发生于渐新世-中新世早期,估算隆升速率达0.26 mm/a。  相似文献