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Relativistic (E >1.6 MeV) electron flux enhancements during Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events as observed by the synchronous FY-2 satellite at orbit located at 105°E are investigated. Energetic protons during SEP events heavily contaminate relativistic electron flux measurements. The ratio of the contamination in the original measurement of relativistic electron flux was over 30% during most of the SEP event on July 14, 2000. A method has been developed to eliminate the contamination caused by the energetic protons, and a "corrected" relativistic electron flux has been obtained. The "cleaned-up" relativistic electron flux measurement shows that relativistic electron flux enhancement at synchronous orbit is well correlated with SEP events during which the IMF Bz has some southward periods. The enhancement could arise as the transport of relativistic electrons from the upstream solar wind into synchronous orbit via the magnetotail. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to develop design criteria, which account for the effects of earthquakes spatial variability. The two simplest forms of this problem are dealt with: differential ground displacements and differential structural displacements, for points and structures separated in space. The structures considered are linear elastic single degree of freedom oscillators. These problems may seem trivial, but some of the codes considered appear improvable on this aspect. First, the mathematical model is set up using basic random vibration theory and the code provisions critically examined. Then, the sensitivity of the ground and structural differential response is assessed. The differential displacements can be mathematically expressed in a straightforward fashion, both for the ground and the structures. These expressions are simple enough to be used as design rules. Comparison with the European and Italian Civil Protection codes shows that these can be improved on this aspect; and, for this reason, the Italian draft code for bridges has been mainly drafted following the results of this study. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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随着GPS导航定位技术的日臻完善,GPS定位技术在工程测量领域的应用越来越广泛,从地形测图、线路放样、到控制测量都发挥了重要的作用。本文主要叙述了应用GPS定位技术建立吉安市区地籍控制网的情况。 相似文献
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Xiaochen Kang 《国际地球制图》2015,30(1):28-47
Collaborative mapping is different from other collaborative editing systems because of spatial characterization and spatial dependence. Spatial operations on a mapping feature influence that feature and also the neighbouring features. Therefore, conflicts are likely to occur if common features or interrelated features are processed concurrently. For collaborative editing systems, the widely used multiversioning technique enables improved concurrency, which, however, is at the cost of synchronous data consistency. To maintain the synchronous consistency in collaborative mapping, a practical framework called the spatial operation dependence graph is proposed. The features are expressed as graph vertexes, while the dependences among the operations on features are expressed as graph edges. Through maintaining locking statuses of the vertexes, interdependent operations on features are arbitrated according to the temporal order, while independent operations can concurrently proceed. The utility of this framework is demonstrated through a prototype system, Co-Mapping. 相似文献
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简要介绍了北京市良乡井水温动态的观测条件与环境,系统分析了水温年月日动态特征,认识了水温的正常动态变化规律与干扰因素,研究了典型震例,发现了同震异常与远兆异常等现象。 相似文献