约旦河跨境水冲突的地缘环境研究     

王萍  杜德斌  胡志丁 《地理学报》2023,78(1):214-229

随着气候变化、人口增长和经济发展,全球水资源供需矛盾日益突出,国际河流跨境水冲突不断加剧。地处中东的约旦河是世界上跨境水冲突最严重的河流。1948—2008年约旦河跨境水冲突事件数量占全球总量的1/5,战争性跨境水冲突数量占同级别总量的2/3。本文以地缘价值、地缘关系和地缘结构为模块构建国际河流跨境水冲突地缘环境分析框架,考察约旦河跨境水冲突事件的时空演化及其形成的地缘机制。研究发现,约旦河跨境水冲突的地缘目标集中于水资源战略要地,且按水资源地“主要→核心→次要”空间转移;跨境水冲突事件在时序上呈现从以色列争夺水权为主向域内阿拉伯国家讨还水权为主演化;跨境水冲突地缘体结构中以色列主动发起的跨境水冲突占六成多,域内阿拉伯国家和域外地缘体发起的各约占二成。基于地缘环境分析框架的研究得出以下结论：约旦河流域区位的地缘价值吸引域外大国直接介入,促成跨境水冲突向有利于美国—以色列利益的方向发展;域内地缘体的“水资源地”竞争地缘关系强于“水量”竞争地缘关系,对约旦河跨境水冲突具有强化作用;以色列作为约旦河地缘结构中的水霸权,对该流域跨境水冲突的基本态势和时空分布格局具有主导作用。  相似文献   

地图综合中目标空间关系维护   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

吴静  程朋根  毛建华  陈斐 《测绘科学》2006,31(1):106-108

在地图综合的过程中,比例尺的变化以及各种综合算子都可能导致目标产生空间关系冲突。以往在对空间关系进行维护时,通常只是对拓扑关系变化进行探测与控制。由于方向关系是人们在日常生活中用途最为广泛的空间关系,研究在地图综合中如何有效维护目标间的方向关系具有重要的科学意义。本文采用定性空间推理的方法,建立考虑目标方向关系的移位安全区,从而可以综合检测与控制拓扑关系与方向关系的冲突及其传播,并就本方法存在的问题和今后的研究方向提出了一些看法和思路。  相似文献   

一种顾及图斑拓扑关系的化简方法     

胡凤敏  卢小平  李成名  邓安健 《测绘通报》2017,(6):49-52

针对地理国情普查成果制图的实际需求,提出了一种顾及图斑原有拓扑关系的化简方法。通过对图斑数据进行拓扑构建,将对图斑的化简转化为对共享弧段的化简;同时对弧段进行分类,对不同类型的弧段采用相应的化简方法。通过实例验证表明,该方法能够保持图斑化简前的形态结构,并保持图面整洁,符合地图制图要求,取得了较好的应用效果。  相似文献   

Decision support tools in marine spatial planning: Present applications,gaps and future perspectives     

《Marine Policy》2017

Evidence-based decision making is an essential process for sustainable, effective, and efficient marine spatial planning (MSP). In that sense, decision support tools (DSTs) could be considered to be the primary assistant of planners. Although there are many DSTs listed in tool databases, most of them are conceptual and not used in real MSP implementation. The main objective of this review is to: (i) characterize and analyse the present use of the DSTs in existing MSP implementation processes around the world, (ii) identify weaknesses and gaps of existing tools, and (iii) propose new functionalities both to improve their feasibility and to promote their application. In total, 34 DSTs have been identified in 28 different MSP initiatives with different levels of complexity, applicability and usage purposes. Main characteristics of the tools were transferred into a DST matrix. It was observed that limited functionality, tool stability, consideration of economic and social decision problems, ease of use, and tool costs could be considered as the main gaps of existing DSTs. Future developments are needed and should be in the direction of the specific need of marine planners and stakeholders. Results revealed that DST developments should consider both spatial and temporal dynamics of the ocean, and new tools should provide multi-functionality and integrity; meanwhile they should be easy to use and freely available. Hence, this research summarised current use, gaps, and expected development trends of DSTs and it concludes that there is still a big potential of DST developments to assist operational MSP processes.  相似文献