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51.
北京54坐标转换至WGS-84坐标的方法 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文首先阐述了北京54坐标转换至WGS-84坐标的意义,介绍了北京54坐标转换至WGS-84坐标的实现过程及其方法.最后通过计算江苏省北京54坐标数据和C级GPS网数据对两种坐标转换方法进行了比较分析,并得出了有益的结论. 相似文献
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2001年春季中国北方沙尘暴的环流动力结构分析 总被引:14,自引:15,他引:14
通过对2001年春季中国北方5次沙尘暴的高度场,涡度场,散度场和风场的分析,研究了沙尘暴强盛期的环流动力结构。结果表明,在5次沙尘暴强盛期有相似的环流动力结构特征。在沙尘暴强盛期的高度场上,蒙古国有深厚的低值系统,乌拉尔高压发展,其间的强气压梯度是沙尘暴的动力源;低值系统有正涡度中心支持,外围是负涡度区,其间有强涡度梯度带;低值中心伴随有低层辐合高层辐散的垂直结构,易于发生近地面大风和上升气流,有利于地面起沙上扬,形成沙尘暴,大风区与强涡度梯度带一致,强风带切变形成的涡度输送有利于加强低值系统,进而增强风场。 相似文献
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Currently used and newly proposed calculation techniques for the heightof the stable boundary layer (SBL), including the bulk-Richardson-numbermethod, diagnostic equations for the equilibrium SBL height, and a relaxation-typeprognostic equation, are discussed from the point of view of their physical basis andrelevance to experimental data. Among diagnostic equations, the best fit to data exhibits an advanced Ekman-layer height model derived recently with due regard to the role of the free-flow stability. Its extension to non-steady regimes provides a prognostic equation recommended for use in practical applications. 相似文献
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W. M. L. Meijninger A. E. Green O. K. Hartogensis W. Kohsiek J. C. B. Hoedjes R. M. Zuurbier H. A. R. De Bruin 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,105(1):63-83
A large aperture scintillometer (LAS) andradio wave scintillometer (RWS)were installed over a heterogeneous areato test the applicability of the scintillation method.The heterogeneity in the area, whichconsisted of many plots, was mainly caused bydifferences in thermal properties ofthe crops; the variations in theaerodynamic roughness lengthwere small. The water vapour fluxesderived from the combined LAS-RWSsystem, also known as the two-wavelengthmethod, agreed fairly well with the aggregatedwater vapour fluxes derived from in-situeddy covariance measurements. The water vapourfluxes derived from a stand-alone LASare also presented. It was found that a single LASand an estimate of the area averagedavailable energy (using a simple parameterisationscheme) can provide also reasonablearea-averaged water vapour fluxes. 相似文献
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This paper describes an extension to the Combined Hydrology And Stability Model (CHASM) to fully include the effects of vegetation and slope plan topography on slope stability. The resultant physically based numerical model is designed to be applied to site‐specific slopes in which a detailed assessment of unsaturated and saturated hydrology is required in relation to vegetation, topography and slope stability. Applications are made to the Hawke's Bay region in New Zealand where shallow‐seated instability is strongly associated with spatial and temporal trends in vegetation cover types, and the Mid‐Levels region in Hong Kong, an area subject to a variety of landslide mechanisms, some of which may be subject to strong topographic control. An improved understanding of process mechanism, afforded by the model, is critical for reliable and appropriate design of slope stabilization and remedial measures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Implications of the relationship between catchment vegetation type and the variability of annual runoff 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The impact of changing catchment vegetation type on mean annual runoff has been known for some time, however, the impact on the variability of annual runoff has been established only recently. Differences in annual actual evapotranspiration between vegetation types and the potential effect of changing vegetation type on mean annual runoff and the variability of annual runoff are briefly reviewed. The magnitude of any change in the variability of annual runoff owing to a change in catchment vegetation type is related to the pre‐ and post‐change vegetation types and the seasonality of precipitation, assuming that the variability of annual precipitation remains constant throughout. Significant implications of the relationship between vegetation type and the variability of annual runoff are presented and discussed for water resource management, stream ecology and fluvial geomorphology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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中全新世以来黑龙江同江地区的孢粉组合与植被、气候演化 总被引:2,自引:11,他引:2
对黑龙江省同江县96-QP剖面从下至上划分4个孢粉组合带:1是以蒙古栎-桦属-蒿属-苔草属-木本科-水龙骨科为主组合带;2是以蒿属-莎草科-禾本科-桦属-栎属为主组合带;3是以桦属-蒙古栎松属-蒿属-莎草科-禾本科为主组合带;4是以松属-桦属-蒙古栎-蒿属-苔草属为主组合带。这4个孢粉组合带清楚地反映了古植被,古气候演替4个阶段;依次为温性落叶阔叶林-针,阔叶混交林→以落叶阔叶树稍多的针、阔叶混交林-草原→以松占优势的针、阔叶混交林。其气候变化是温暖湿润-温和略干-温和略湿-温凉湿润。 相似文献